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This research is motivated by the low level of community participation in the process of forming Village Regulations in Sukamantri Village, Ciawi District, Tasikmalaya Regency, which has resulted in less than optimal public involvement in decision-making at the village level. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of community participation in the formation of Village Regulations and to identify inhibiting factors and efforts made by the village government to increase such participation. This study uses a qualitative method with 11 informants consisting of village officials, community leaders, and villagers. Data were collected through literature studies, observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively by processing information from interviews and observations to draw conclusions. The results of the study indicate that community participation in the formation of Village Regulations in Sukamantri Village is still not optimal. The main obstacles faced include limited implementation time which results in some community members being unable to attend official forums, low legal literacy and understanding of the importance of involvement in village policy formulation, ineffective mechanisms for conveying aspirations, and the dominance of certain figures in the decision-making process which limits the representation of all elements of society. To overcome these obstacles, the village government has undertaken various efforts, including expanding outreach through neighborhood associations (RT/RW) and social media, opening additional discussion forums at the hamlet level, and involving various community groups, including women and youth, in village meetings. These efforts are expected to increase community awareness, involvement, and satisfaction with the Village Regulation drafting process, so that in the future, Village Regulation drafting can be more transparent, inclusive, and able to accommodate the aspirations of all levels of society.

The moral crisis and low religious understanding among the younger generation pose a major challenge in shaping national character based on Islamic values. This phenomenon is increasingly complex amidst the rapid flow of globalization and technological advances that have led to individualistic, materialistic lifestyles far from the principles of Islamic law. In this context, religious education plays a central role as a moral and spiritual bulwark. This study aims to determine the role of Madrasah Diniyah (Islamic religious schools) in improving the mastery of Islamic religious knowledge and shaping the Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyyah) of students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at one of the Madrasah diniyah. The focus of the study is directed at the learning process covering the Qur'an, aqidah, fiqh, and morals, and how this process contributes to the formation of Islamic character in students. The results show that Madrasah Diniyah plays a strategic and significant role in shaping a generation that not only understands religious knowledge but is also able to implement Islamic values in everyday life. This success is supported by several factors, including the quality of competent and exemplary teachers, a structured and contextual curriculum, and good interpersonal relationships between teachers and students. Furthermore, support from parents and the surrounding community is also crucial in strengthening the internalization of Islamic values. Thus, Islamic schools (madrasah diniyah) can function as a vital partner in the Islamic education system, developing a generation with character, noble morals, and a commitment to Islamic teachings from an early age. These findings reinforce the urgency of strengthening religious educational institutions amidst the challenges of the times.

The background of this research is the importance of pursuing knowledge based on good morals. The formation of Islamic character based on good morals is an important aspect that needs to be emphasized in students' lives, both in the school environment and in society. This is because good character is a reflection of the success of education, especially education based on Islamic values. However, at SMP Ma'arif NU 2 Kemranjen, several student behavioral problems were still found that indicate the suboptimal formation of Islamic character. Some students appeared unprepared when submitting memorization targets (deposits), were still outside the classroom when learning began, and arrived late to participate in the 0-hour habituation program. These problems indicate the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of the 0-hour habituation program that has been implemented by the school as an effort to form Islamic character. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the 0-hour habituation program on the formation of students' Islamic character. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method. The population in this study were all 107 eighth-grade students of SMP Ma'arif NU 2 Kemranjen from three classes. Data collection techniques were conducted through documentation of the 0-hour habituation program scores given by teachers and the Islamic character formation questionnaire completed by students. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics, with the calculation of averages, percentages, and data categorization. The results of the study indicate that the 0-hour habituation program did not have a significant impact on the formation of students' Islamic character. Nevertheless, this program is still being implemented because it is believed to have various benefits that can support the long-term character education process. This research contributes to schools in evaluating and developing more effective strategies for forming students' Islamic character.

Penelitian ini membahas transformasi morfologi Desa Sesua, Kabupaten Malinau, Kalimantan Utara, sejak masa awal pembentukannya pada tahun 1932 hingga tahun 2024. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur, dokumentasi visual, dan wawancara dengan masyarakat lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi desa mengalami tiga fase utama: fase pembentukan dengan hunian rumah panjang komunal, fase transisi yang ditandai pergeseran ke rumah-rumah pribadi, serta fase perkembangan di mana permukiman menyebar mengikuti pembangunan infrastruktur jalan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan meliputi nilai budaya Dayak Bulusu, kebijakan pemerintah, pertumbuhan penduduk, dan pembangunan akses jalan menuju kebun serta jalur utama desa. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa perubahan bentuk fisik desa tidak menghapus nilai-nilai budaya lokal, melainkan menunjukkan adaptasi masyarakat terhadap dinamika sosial, ekonomi, dan kebijakan. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi perencanaan permukiman yang sensitif terhadap konteks lokal dan berkelanjutan.

Perkembangan anak usia dini merupakan fase penting dalam pembentukan dasar kemampuan kognitif, sosial, dan emosional manusia, terutama pada usia 3-4 tahun yang dikenal sebagai masa golden age. Lingkungan belajar yang mendukung menjadi elemen penting dalam membantu anak mengembangkan potensi secara optimal. Banyak lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) memanfaatkan bangunan publik sebagai tempat pembelajaran, yang sering kali juga digunakan untuk berbagai fungsi lainnya. Bangunan publik yang bersifat multifungsi ini menghadirkan tantangan, terutama dalam hal adaptasi fungsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan tanpa mengganggu fungsi lainnya. Konsep fleksibilitas ruang menjadi solusi utama dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut, melalui desain yang adaptif dan mampu mengakomodasi beragam aktivitas secara harmonis. Pendekatan literature review penelitian ini akan menganalisis berbagai studi kasus pemanfaatan bangunan publik untuk pendidikan PAUD. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas ruang tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan ruang, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada kolaborasi sosial dan pengembangan desain ruang publik yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam pengembangan konsep ruang multifungsi untuk mendukung pendidikan dan kebutuhan masyarakat secara bersamaan.

This study examines the implications of Deuteronomy 32:44-47 on the formation of theological students' character, emphasizing obedience to God's commandments. The research highlights the significance of adhering to divine instructions, exploring the consequences of disobedience, and discussing strategies for cultivating obedience. The findings underscore the importance of integrating biblical principles into daily life, fostering spiritual growth, and developing a strong moral foundation among theology students.

Community-based servant leadership development has emerged as a critical approach for Christian nonprofit organizations seeking to cultivate authentic leaders who embody Christ-centered values. This study explores the integration of theological foundations from Mark 10:45 with Robert K. Greenleaf's servant leadership theory to develop a comprehensive model for leader formation within Christian nonprofit contexts. Employing a qualitative methodology with a library research design, data were collected from scholarly literature and theological sources, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research reveals a significant alignment between the core message of Mark 10:45—“For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve”—and the key principles of Greenleaf’s servant leadership, particularly the emphasis on selfless service, empathy, listening, and community building. Community plays a vital role as both a laboratory and an incubator for spiritual and leadership formation, where individuals can internalize leadership values through biblical teaching, mentorship, active religious practices, and shared life experiences. The study proposes a five-stage model: Foundation Building, Community Immersion, Skill Development, Practical Application, and Leadership Multiplication. This model serves as a strategic guide for Christian organizations to intentionally nurture servant leaders. Findings highlight improvements in character formation, organizational effectiveness, and the embodiment of servant leadership traits such as humility, sacrifice, and empathy. The study concludes with practical recommendations for implementation, including structured mentoring systems, the formation of communities of practice, and ongoing evaluation mechanisms. Ultimately, this integrated model supports the mission of Christian nonprofits by shaping leaders who advance both spiritual and social transformation.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant transformations across various sectors, including legal education. Law students, as future legal professionals, must understand both the opportunities and challenges posed by AI. Nowadays, there is no comprehensive regulation governing the use of AI in legal education, raising concerns abour legal gaps, academic intregrity, and graduate competency. This study aims to analyze the impact of AI on law students and highlight the urgency of establishing regulatory frameworks for its use. The research employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. The findings indicate that while AI can enhance the productivity of law students, it also has the potential to erode critical thinking skills and endanger students’ personal data if misused. Therefore, regulations are needed to define clear boundaries for AI use, ensure source transparency, and strengthen legal education curricula to adapt to technological advancements.

The cultivation of holistic character in elementary school students is a fundamental component in shaping individuals who are morally, socially, and spiritually grounded. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of interactive educational approaches in fostering character development among elementary students at Pondok Pesantren At-Tausyiah, Blitar. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving observation, interviews, and active participation during the character-building program. The activities implemented included inspirational storytelling on heroism to foster nationalism and a “water-carrying game” designed to teach values of cooperation and responsibility. Observational data indicated a high level of enthusiasm and active participation from the students throughout the program. Reflections from the students and interviews with facilitators supported the finding that experience-based learning, educational games, and two-way communication significantly enhance both understanding and practice of character values. Beyond strengthening students' character, the program also fostered a joyful learning environment and strengthened the bond between student facilitators and the participants. The findings affirm that interactive education is an effective strategy for holistic character formation, particularly in Islamic boarding school settings.

This study aims to conceptually analyze the legislative function of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the formation of Village Regulations based on the Village Law as stipulated in Law Number 3 of 2024, as well as to identify the challenges in its implementation. This research employs a literature study method with a qualitative approach through the review of relevant sources, including academic journals, books, and policy documents. The findings indicate that the implementation of BPD’s legislative function still faces several obstacles, such as limited human resource capacity, a lack of understanding of legal aspects, the absence of systematic legislative planning, and weak coordination between the BPD and the Village Head. The implications of this study reveal that the legislative function of the BPD has not been optimally implemented. This underscores the need for institutional capacity strengthening, improved synergy among village-level stakeholders, the formulation of a Village Legislative Program (Prolegdes), technical facilitation by local governments, and adequate support for operational funding.

This study, titled “The Influence of Parent-Child Interaction on the Development of Children’s Mindset and Attitudes,” is conducted through a literature review of various theories and previous relevant studies. The aim of this research is to identify the role of parent-child interactions in shaping children’s mindset and attitudes from early childhood to adolescence. Based on the literature analysis, it is found that high-quality interactions—such as open communication, positive role modeling, and consistent emotional support—significantly contribute to the development of critical thinking, empathy, and self-confidence in children. Conversely, authoritarian parenting styles, lack of communication, or unresponsiveness to children’s emotional needs tend to foster closed-mindedness, aggressive behavior, and poor social adaptability. This study highlights the essential role of parents in creating a supportive family environment for optimal character development in children.

This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding and capacity of the Village Governments and Village Consultative Bodies (BPD) of Wonreli, Abusur, Lebelau, and Oirata in the process of formulating Village Regulations (Peraturan Desa or Perdes) that are aligned with legal principles and applicable statutory provisions. The socialization was motivated by the generally low level of understanding regarding both the procedures and substance of Perdes formulation, which has led to weak regulatory quality at the village level. The methods employed in this activity included lectures, interactive discussions, and simulations of Perdes drafting, all of which referred to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Formation of Legislation. The results of the activity indicated a significant increase in legal awareness and participants’ understanding of the importance of legality, participation, and transparency in the village legislative process. This activity also succeeded in encouraging local initiatives to formulate village regulations that are more responsive, accountable, and tailored to the real needs of the local community. Therefore, this socialization made a tangible contribution to strengthening democratic and law-based village governance.

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi pendidikan karakter Kristen dalam keluarga di era kontemporer yang menghadapi berbagai tantangan globalisasi. Menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menganalisis landasan teologis, konsep teoretis, dan strategi implementasi pendidikan karakter Kristen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter Kristen memiliki fondasi yang kuat dalam konsep Imago Dei dan mandat Alkitabiah, khususnya Ulangan 6:6-7 dan Efesus 6:4. Keluarga berfungsi sebagai ecclesia domestica yang menjalankan fungsi kerygma, koinonia, leiturgia, dan diakonia dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Nilai-nilai fundamental seperti buah Roh (Galatia 5:22-23) menjadi karakteristik utama yang perlu ditanamkan melalui metodologi keteladanan, pendekatan naratif, disiplin redemptif, dan ritual keluarga. Namun, tantangan kontemporer seperti sekularisasi, relativisme moral, teknologi digital, perubahan struktur keluarga modern, dan pluralisme agama memerlukan strategi adaptif. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan Teori Transformasi Karakter Holistik (TKTH) yang mengintegrasikan dimensi teologis-antropologis, psiko-sosial, pedagogis-metodologis, dan komunal-ekosistemik. Revitalisasi pendidikan karakter Kristen dalam keluarga menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk membentuk generasi dengan fondasi moral dan spiritual yang kuat di tengah dinamika perubahan sosial yang cepat.

In recent years, education has placed greater emphasis on academic achievement, often overlooking the importance of character and ethical development in students. However, instilling the value of adab (proper manners) before knowledge is essential as a foundational aspect of the learning process. Adab encompasses attitudes such as respect for teachers, honesty, responsibility, and politeness, which contribute to forming ethical individuals. This study aims to explore the significance of adab values in education as an effort to cultivate students' character and ethics from an early age. The research uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources from Islamic education and character education theories. The findings reveal that the integration of adab values can be achieved through teacher role modeling, fostering positive habits within the school environment, and embedding these values into learning materials. When consistently applied, these approaches create a conducive learning atmosphere and develop students who are not only intellectually capable but also morally upright. The study implies that a balanced approach to education, which emphasizes both knowledge and adab, should be instilled early in both school and family settings

Tujuan penelitian ini: 1) Untuk menganalisis game edukasi "KARISMA" dalam pembentukan karakter Merdeka Belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2024 / 2025. 2)  Untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta dalam penggunaan game edukasi "KARISMA" dalam pembelajaran pada tahun ajaran  tahun ajaran 2024 / 2025. Bentuk  penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan guru PPKn kelas VIII dan siswa kelas VIII. Sumber data yang digunakan sumber primer dan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskripsif kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: 1) Game edukasi "KARISMA" memiliki kontribusi positif terhadap pembentukan karakter Merdeka Belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Game ini dirancang untuk menerapkan nilai-nilai karakter sesuai dengan Profil Pelajar Pancasila yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. 2)  Persepsi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta terhadap penggunaan game edukasi "KARISMA" dalam pembelajaran cenderung positif. Persepsi siswa pada game ini sebagai media pembelajaran yang inovatif, menarik, dan relevan dengan kebutuhan siswa. Game "KARISMA" tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran, tetapi juga memotivasi mereka untuk lebih aktif, kreatif, dan mandiri dalam belajar. Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Game Edukasi, “KARISMA”     The objectives of this study were: 1) To analyze the educational game "KARISMA" in the developing Merdeka Belajar characters in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta in the 2024/2025 academic year. 2) To describe the perceptions of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta in the use of the educational game "KARISMA" in the 2024/2025 academic year. This research method is qualitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were civics teachers in grade and students in grade VIII. The data sources used are primary sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used were through observation, interviews, documentation. Data validity testing was carried out using source triangulation and methods triangulation. The data in this study were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques with an interactive analysis model. The results of this study  could be e concluded: 1) The educational game "KARISMA" has a positive contribution to the development of the Merdeka Belajar character in students in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 18 Surakarta in the 2024/2025 academic year. This game is designed to apply  character values ​​in accordance with the Profil Pelajar Pancasila which was in accordance  with the principles of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. 2) The perception of students in class VIII towards the use of the educational game "KARISMA" in tended to be positive. The Students' perceptions of this game as an innovative, interesting, and relevant learning media to students' needs. The "KARISMA" game not only improves students' understanding of the learning material, but also motivates them to be more active, creative, and independent in learning. Keywords: Perception, Educational Game, "KARISMA"

Pemudaran rasa nasionalisme sering kali beririsan dengan tumbuhnya paham radikalisme yang dapat mengancam stabilitas sosial di masyarakat. Fenomena ini semakin terasa di daerah-daerah multikultur seperti Kecamatan Dungkek, Sumenep, yang memiliki keragaman budaya, etnis, dan agama. Dalam konteks ini, radikalisasi dapat berkembang subur jika rasa nasionalisme tidak ditanamkan dengan baik sejak dini. Untuk itu, PAC GP Ansor Dungkek, sebagai organisasi pemuda tingkat lokal, berperan aktif dalam upaya menanamkan semangat nasionalisme guna mencegah penyebaran paham radikal di kalangan masyarakat, khususnya Generasi Z. Melalui pendekatan studi kasus, penelitian ini menggali lebih dalam mengenai strategi yang diterapkan oleh PAC GP Ansor Dungkek dalam membentuk dan memperkuat rasa nasionalisme di tengah masyarakat yang multikultur. Temuan-temuan tersebut pertama Pembentukan Sikap Nasionalisme di antaranya adanya (1) Kegiatan Sosial dan Keagamaan dan (2) Peneladanan terhadap Tokoh Masyarakat; kedua Dampak dari Pembentukan Sikap Nasionalisme yaitu Meningkatnya Kesadaran Cinta Tanah Air.

The school of jurisprudence has a crucial role in the formation of Islamic law, both in the classical and modern eras. In the classical period, schools of thought such as Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i, and Hanbali became the main basis for formulating Islamic law through a structured ijtihad methodology. Each school of thought developed its own way of interpreting the Qur'an, Hadith, ijma', and qiyas, which then contributed to the diversity of Islamic law. In the modern era, the role of schools of jurisprudence remains relevant in responding to contemporary legal challenges, especially in economic, social, and technological issues. Islamic law reform in various Muslim countries often refers to the principles of these schools by adapting them to the national legal system. Therefore, the study of schools of jurisprudence not only contributes to the historical development of Islamic law but also serves as a foundation for formulating legal solutions that are adaptive to the dynamics of the times.  

As the Institute of Vocational Education, the Naval Academy has the task of forming a cadets became officer Tanggap, Tanggon and Trengginas. Moreover, AAL also formed Cadets become professional officers so as to face the task - the task in the field assignment. To support these tasks then conducted education and training of the cadets were held for 4 years with details of one year in Magelang Military Academy and three years in the AAL. Hopefully, with four years of education and training, cadets already have the provision of sufficient knowlegdes and skills, so as to become a professional officer who is ready to face a variety of terrain assignment. However, at this time cadets after being elected Lieutenant indirect positions and duties in his unit but had to get additional knowledge and skills through the course of several months of junior officers.According this background, the author examines the extent to which the influence of education and training to the formation of a professional cadets AAL towards World Class Naval Academy. Researchers will carry out research at the Naval Academy in Surabaya. As the subject of this research is the teachers who taught at the Naval Academy. The method used is quantitative method with data collection by distributing a questionnaire / questionnaire of 115 respondents and literature. Collected data is processed, beginning with testing the validity of data that includes test validity and reliability of research instrument, normality test and data analysis consisted of descriptive analysis indicator variables of the study, analysis of the description of the indicator variables of the study, the coefficient of multiple determination (R square) and hypothesis testing. The test results hypothesis states that the value of F count larger than F table (41.393> 3.93), while the significance value obtained was 0,000 that is smaller than the value of the degrees of freedom (0.000 <0.05). Based on the above test the hypothesis can be accepted, it means that independent variables consisted of Education (X1) and exercise (X2) simultaneously significant effect on Professionalism (Y) Cadets Naval Academy. From the analysis of quantitative data will be concluded that the results of research. In conclusion, the researchers delivered a number of recommendations in order to establish the Naval Academy to become a World Class Naval Academy.

Political reform in Indonesia has brought fundamental changes to the structure of state governance and the decision-making process within the executive branch. One of the instruments still frequently utilized by the President to formulate and direct national policy is the Presidential Instruction (Instruksi Presiden/Inpres). Although it is not classified as a formal regulation within the legal hierarchy, Inpres often has wide-reaching implications for the implementation of public policy. This study aims to critically analyze the legal status, function, and limitations of Inpres in the context of Indonesia’s post-reform government system. Using a normative-juridical approach and literature study of statutory regulations and policy documents, the research finds that the use of Inpres in several instances has extended beyond its administrative function and entered the domain of strategic policymaking, which ideally requires formal legislative processes. This raises concerns regarding accountability, transparency, and the limitation of executive power in a democratic rule-of-law state. The study recommends clearer regulation of the scope and function of Inpres to ensure alignment with political reform principles and good governance standards.

Penelitian ini membahas konsep pembentukan Batalyon Komposit Korps Marinir di Pulau Natuna Utara dalam rangka mendukung validasi organisasi Korps Marinir. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya dinamika geopolitik di kawasan Laut Natuna Utara yang rawan pelanggaran batas wilayah oleh kapal asing, sehingga menuntut kehadiran satuan tempur yang lebih permanen dan siap siaga. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah belum optimalnya peran Kompi Komposit Korps Marinir yang masih berstatus sebagai satuan tugas yang kerap melakukan rotasi terhadap satuannya, disertai kendala infrastruktur, logistik, dan jumlah personel. Untuk itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan research and development model Borg and Gall, melalui studi pustaka, wawancara ahli, observasi, dan kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan terhadap struktur organisasi, kesiapan alutsista, serta efisiensi sistem operasi dalam mendukung validasi organisasi Korps Marinir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan Batalyon Komposit yang bersifat permanen sangat dibutuhkan untuk menjawab kebutuhan pertahanan strategis, mempercepat reaksi terhadap ancaman, serta mengefektifkan tugas pengamanan wilayah perbatasan. Penelitian ini bermanfaat secara teoritis untuk memperkuat doktrin pertahanan laut berbasis pulau-pulau terluar, dan secara praktis sebagai masukan bagi pimpinan TNI AL dalam merumuskan kebijakan validasi organisasi yang berkelanjutan dan berdaya guna tinggi.