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The maritime conflict between Indonesia and China in the South China Sea arises from overlapping claims, particularly concerning Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) near the Natuna Islands. China’s assertion of sovereignty through its Nine-Dash Line, which Indonesia does not recognize under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), has fueled tensions. These have been exacerbated by aggressive actions, including Chinese vessels' incursions and illegal fishing within Indonesia’s EEZ. Despite these conflicts, both nations emphasize maritime cooperation to enhance bilateral ties.This study examines the dynamics of Indonesia-China maritime cooperation and conflicts in the South China Sea and their implications for regional stability. Employing a literature-based methodology, it investigates challenges and potential resolutions, including diplomacy and third-party mediation through bodies like the International Court of Justice. The findings highlight that resolving disputes effectively requires a legal framework and multilateral collaboration through ASEAN. The study concludes with recommendations for bolstering diplomatic engagement and sustainably managing maritime resources to ensure stability across the Indo-Pacific region.

This article examines the story of David’s election as king of Israel in 1 Samuel 16:1-13 through a historical-critical approach. The focus of this study is to understand how God chooses based on the heart, not the outward appearance, as emphasized in verse 7. This study highlights the differences between how humans and God judge a person, as well as the importance of inner qualities in choosing a leader. Through this analysis, it is found that God asserts His sovereignty and prioritizes faithfulness, humility, and obedience as the main criteria in determining the leader of His people. This story is theologically and practically relevant to today’s life, especially in character development and spiritual leadership.  

The Suez Canal has played a significant role in assisting and expediting the delivery of heavy goods on cargo ships from Asia to Europe, accommodating 12 percent of total global trade. The Suez Canal is a very important source of foreign currency for Egypt, a country that is still grappling with a variety of long-standing economic problems. Since October 2023, Yemen's Houthi group has been targeting ships in the Red Sea that it claims are connected to Israel in solidarity with Palestinians facing Israeli attacks in the Gaza Strip. This ongoing tension in the Red Sea not only impacts the Suez Canal, but also the maritime transportation market, trade movements, and international supply chains, as taking alternative routes means increasing shipping time and operating costs. Despite its important role as an international shipping lane, The Suez Canal has experienced a decline in status on the global stage due to various geopolitical events and economic crises that have occurred. This study aims to analyze the reciprocal relationship between international market dynamics and the strategic role of the Suez Canal. The chapter begins with an analysis of the impact of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict on international trade flows through the Suez Canal, followed by a discussion of the impact of the global economic crisis and conflict mitigation efforts on maritime security of shipping traffic. Finally, this chapter provides solutions that can be offered from the perspective of maritime security theory and international conflict theory.

This research examines Judges 2:1-5 through a historically critical lens to explain their theological implications and relevance to contemporary audiences. The Book of Judges summarizes a pivotal period in Israel's historical narrative as they sought to defend their faith in the face of foreign cultural influences. This passage describes the warning of the Archangel of God to Israel for their failure to expel the Canaanites from the Promised Land, which had a detrimental effect on their religious and social dynamics. This analysis investigates historical context, literary composition, and symbolic elements, while also emphasizing central themes such as obedience to divine command, the impact of transgression, and the need for repentance. Using qualitative methodologies, including literary analysis and exegetical scrutiny, this study shows that loyalty to God is a prerequisite for receiving His help, while disobedience entails oppression and harmful influence. The continued relevance of this text serves as a poignant reminder of the necessity of upholding unwavering devotion to God in the midst of life's vicissitudes.

Israel is a special place in the history of 3 religions in the world, Judaism, Christianity/Catholicism and Islam, each has its own history. For some people, Israel is just a country that was only established in 1948 after becoming sovereign, but some think that Israel has existed since the descendants of Jacob grew large and settled in the Promised Land given by God. As a place that is considered sacred and holy land or Holyland, religious people come to hold pilgrimage tours. In addition to seeing and traveling, there is an aspect of studying the past, figures and places written in the Bible. The Holyland Spiritual Pilgrimage Tour is a favorite place for adherents of the 3 religions. The incident of the attack on the Israeli area by Hamas on October 7, 2024 and claimed many victims caused the conflict between Israel and Palestine to occur and be larger in scale. The conflict involved many parties and finally there was a major impact, one of which was the impact of the Holyland Spiritual Pilgrimage Tour. Tourism actors from the organizers and users felt the detrimental impact. So this study was conducted to examine the impact.  

Thei purposei ofi thisi articlei isi toi explorei thei meaningi andi theologyi ofi wisdomi ini thei booki ofi 2i Chronicles.i Thei methodi usedi ini writingi thisi articlei isi ai deductive,i qualitativei researchi approach,i withi datai collectioni conductedi throughi Libraryi Researchi methods,i includingi journals.i Thei theologyi ofi wisdomi ini 2i Chroniclesi highlightsi wisdomi (חָכְמָה/khokmah)i asi ai centrali themei thati integratesi intellectual,i practical,i andi spirituali dimensions.i Wisdomi isi noti limitedi toi theoreticali intelligencei buti alsoi encompassesi tangiblei abilitiesi toi overcomei challenges,i lead,i andi build.i Ini thei contexti ofi thisi book,i wisdomi isi regardedi asi ai divinei gifti rootedi ini thei feari ofi thei Lord,i asi illustratedi ini thei storyi ofi Solomoni (2i Chr.i 1:7-12).i Solomoni prayedi fori wisdomi toi leadi Israel,i emphasizingi wisdomi asi ai gifti thati enablesi fairi andi prudenti decision-making.i Wisdomi ini thisi booki isi dividedi intoi twoi types:i speculative,i whichi includesi reflectioni oni humani existence,i andi didactic,i whichi isi practicali andi instructional,i suchi asi proverbsi thati guidei dailyi life.i Wisdomi isi characterizedi byi universal,i practical,i ethical,i andi religiousi traits,i reflectingi itsi connectioni toi morali valuesi andi ai relationshipi withi God.i Ini 2i Chronicles,i wisdomi isi manifestedi ini aspectsi ofi leadershipi (2i Chr.i 1:10),i thei constructioni ofi thei Templei (2i Chr.i 2:12),i andi thei regulationi ofi worshipi (2i Chr.i 7:14).i Thisi wisdomi underscoresi thei importancei ofi obediencei toi Godi asi thei sourcei ofi wisdom,i guidingi decisionsi andi buildingi thei livesi ofi thei peoplei ini righteousness.  

DANA is one of the digital wallet service providersoperating in Indonesia since 2018. DANA isranked the third most frequently used digital wallet in Indonesia in 2022. This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality on customer satisfaction in the DANA application by using the e-servqual dimension which consists of Efficiency, Fulfillment, Reliability, Privacy, Responsiveness, Compensation, and Contact, individually and also simultaneously on Customer Satisfaction of the DANA application. This research uses a quantitative approach that utilizes the survey method to collect data. This study uses an ordinal scale with a sample of 421 respondents with multiple linear regression methods and SPSS software, the results obtained partially the dimensions of Efficiency, Fulfillment, Privacy, Compensation, and Contact have a significant effect on customer satisfaction, while the dimensions of Reliability and Responsiveness do not have a significant effect. However, simultaneously the overall e-service quality has a significant influence on customer satisfaction of the DANA application.

Regarding the socio-political conflict between Israel and Palestine, many countries have criticized Israel's actions by boycotting Israeli products and products that support Israeli aggression against Palestine. Starbucks products are one of the products that support Israeli aggression and are very closely related to Gen Z in Indonesia, so this study was performed to examine the impact of a boycott of Starbucks products on interest in buying local coffee products among Gen Z using quantitative methods, because previous similar research was carried out using qualitative methods. A total of 100 Gunadarma University students were respondents to fill out this research questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is hypothesis testing through simple regression analysis assisted by SPSS software. The conclusion drawn from hypothesis testing showed an influence between the effect of boycotting Starbucks products (X) and the interest in buying local coffee (Y).

This activity focuses on the socialization and simulation of earthquake disaster mitigation at SMA Negeri 14 Ambon. The aim was to increase students' awareness and preparedness in facing disasters, especially earthquakes. The methods used included material presentations using PowerPoint and simulations. This activity was attended by high school students with an age range of 15-18 years, who are at an ideal stage of cognitive development to receive and apply knowledge about disaster mitigation. The results showed that students had high enthusiasm and a good understanding of earthquake disaster mitigation after attending the socialization. This activity succeeded in increasing students' knowledge about actions to be taken before, during and after a disaster occurs. In conclusion, disaster mitigation socialization at the high school level is a strategic step in building a disaster resilient community. This activity can be a model for the development of similar programs in other schools, supporting the government's efforts in building community resilience to disasters.

Patimban Port is a national strategic project supported by various infrastructures, one of which is the Temporary Office of KSOP Class 2 Patimban, built using a modular prefabricated construction system. This study aims to analyze the architectural design and building materials, as well as assess its functionality in supporting port operations. Through a qualitative method with descriptive analysis, this research reveals that the use of materials such as sandwich panels and lightweight steel provides efficiency in terms of durability and thermal insulation, although challenges related to acoustic insulation remain. The applied ventilation and lighting systems support user comfort but can still be improved. Overall, this Temporary Office significantly contributes to operational efficiency at the port with an estimated service life of 10-15 years, although improvements in areas such as sound insulation and the development of permanent facilities are needed.

The advancement of technology today has made digital media a necessity that often leads to dependency, especially among teenagers. Junior high school students need guidance in using technology so they can access social media wisely, in order to develop a positive character. KKN-T students from UNWIRA Kupang conducted community service through observation and visits to SMPN 2 Nagawutung, which revealed that many students are using their mobile phones inappropriately, resulting in a decline in interest and talent. The methodology of the service includes mentoring, training, and socialization to educate students about the proper use of digital media. Although social media offers many benefits, such as access to vast information and educational resources, misuse can have negative consequences, including addiction and the spread of hoaxes. Therefore, education, socialization, and assistance in the use of digital media are very important for the development of children.

The increased of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) can be lowered through by various efforts, one of them with quality Antenatal Care (ANC). Quality of ANC services can be given by several health workers who work together in giving services to patients through the Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC). IPC or interprofessional collaboration can improve health service quality. The purpose of this study is to find out an overview of the level of perception of health workers about IPC on ANC services in Lubuk Buaya Health Center. This study is descriptive research using crosssectional design. The study sample is 30 health workers who are determined by the total sampling method. Data collection use the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tools (CPAT) questionnaire. The results of the study can be found that all health workers (100%) have a high perception of IPC in ANC services with components of connection among members, coordination and division of roles, and missions, goals, and objectives have the highest percentage (100%) and decision-making and conflict management components have the lowest percentage (10%). All health professions consist of GPs, midwives, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, nutritionists, and ATLM have a high perception (100%) of IPC on ANC services. The dentist professions have a high perception of all eight components, meanwhile other professions have a high perception of the seven components of perception and have a moderate perception in one component of perception, that is the components of decision making and conflict management. In general, health workers have a high perception of IPC in ANC services, but there are still a moderate perception in one components of perception so efforts are needed to improve IPC competence in that component.

With PKM, this is a place to utilize existing knowledge. various innovation and creativity efforts as well as the thoughts of the lecturers can make the local community more creative too. As well as how halal certification is carried out and there are several issues that need more attention, including:1.  Lack of community skills in creativity,2.  Lack of public awareness of the importance of innovation in maintaining economy, 3.. Lack of knowledge regarding how to carry out appropriate innovation with the surrounding economic conditions, as well as the problem of understanding halal certification

The role of ventilators as life-support devices in critical care has prompted ethical and religious discussions within Islamic perspectives, particularly regarding end-of-life decisions. Islam mandates the preservation of life as a sacred duty under the principle of hifz an-nafs (protection of life), balanced with the prohibition of excessive measures (israf) and avoidance of unnecessary suffering (la darar wa la dirar). This study explores Islamic perspectives on the use of ventilators by integrating modern medical ethics with Islamic jurisprudence, aiming to provide nuanced guidance for healthcare providers and Muslim families. Employing a qualitative document analysis, this research examines fatwas from various Islamic institutions and relevant ethical theories in Islamic law. Findings indicate significant variability among Islamic rulings, where some permit the withdrawal of ventilators under specific medical prognoses, while others advocate continued use as long as signs of life persist. The study underscores the need for comprehensive, practical Islamic medical guidelines to support healthcare providers and patients' families in making informed, ethical decisions in critical care situations.

The ability to read the Koran well, correctly (tajwid) and beautifully (qiro'ah) is very important for every Muslim. This research was carried out by involving KKN students who collaborated with this institution to organize interactive and interesting learning programs. The method used is Participation Action Research (PAR). The research results show that this activity not only improves Al-Qur'an reading skills, but also builds children's interest and motivation to learn. In addition, this program has succeeded in involving parents and the community in supporting children's religious education, creating a positive learning environment. Thus, the role of KKN students has proven to be significant in the development of religious education in the community and a significant increase in certain aspects, such as recitation, recitation and interest in reading the Al-Qur'an. This research recommends increasing collaboration between educational institutions and the community for the sustainability of Al-Qur'an-based education programs in the future.

Real work lecture is one of the activities that aims to increase student participation in assisting community development, especially in the social and religious fields. This article discusses efforts to optimize social and religious activities in Muara Laung II Village through the KKN program. This activity involves students in various work programs and religious guidance in accordance with the needs of the local community. The results of this program show an increase in community participation in social and religious activities, an improvement in the quality of life, and an awareness of the importance of developing local potential. Optimization of this activity is expected to become a sustainable model of village community empowerment, with a positive impact on the social and spiritual welfare of the Muara Laung II community.

Kartu Indonesia Pintar Kuliah (KIP-K) is a scholarship given by the government to high school graduates and equivalent who excel but have economic limitations to continue their studies at university level, both at state and private universities. The Indonesian government has issued the KIP-K since 2020 as a form of educational assistance. In North Maluku Province, especially on Sula Island, there is still minimal information regarding KIP-K. This service activity aims to share information regarding the benefits of higher education and how to obtain a KIP-K scholarship for students who have financial limitations. This community service is carried out at SMAN 1 Kepulauan Sula, MAN 1 Kepulauan Sula, SMAN 7 Kepulauan Sula, SMAN 9 Kepulauan Sula and SMAN 11 Kepulauan Sula. This activity was carried out in two stages, namely socialization and mentoring. The implementation of this activity went well, smoothly and was full of enthusiasm from the participants, especially students who wanted to continue their studies at university level. The final result of this socialization and mentoring is that the participants have succeeded in creating their own accounts, filling in data and registering for KIP-K.

The "Go Green: Empowering the Rawa Buntu Serpong Community through Planting Vegetables and Herbs" program is an initiative designed as part of the Community Service activities within the Integrated Community Service Program (KKN) of Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang (UMT). This program aims to address environmental issues while simultaneously strengthening food security in the Rawa Buntu area. By encouraging active community participation, the program promotes gardening activities in home yards or available vacant land, thus creating a greener and healthier environment. The "Go Green" program not only focuses on environmental aspects but also emphasizes the importance of economic empowerment and community self-reliance. Through the cultivation of vegetables and herbs, the community is expected not only to meet their own food needs but also to potentially increase their income through the sale of harvested produce. This initiative aims to raise awareness of the importance of urban agriculture and its contribution to environmental health and food security. The conclusion of this program demonstrates that community involvement in gardening activities not only positively impacts the environment but also strengthens the local economy and fosters more sustainable food security in the future.

Climate change presents a significant global challenge that requires urgent and comprehensive action to mitigate its adverse effects on ecosystems, society, and the economy. Islamic jurisprudence, with its rich ethical framework, offers valuable insights into environmental justice, presenting a Sharia-informed approach to climate change mitigation. This study explores how principles of Sharia, such as Hifz al-Bi'ah (protection of the environment), Amanah (trust), and Isrāf (prohibition of wastefulness), can form a robust foundation for addressing environmental issues. Islamic law emphasizes the responsibility of humans as stewards of the Earth, encouraging sustainable resource management and the prevention of environmental degradation. The study further discusses how Sharia provides a proactive approach to environmental justice, focusing on prevention rather than simply reacting to environmental damage. Additionally, it explores how Islamic principles align with international environmental frameworks, offering a holistic approach to climate justice that respects both local traditions and global imperatives. The findings highlight the potential for integrating Sharia-based principles into contemporary environmental policies, particularly in Muslim-majority regions, where these values can enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of climate change mitigation efforts. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research on the practical integration of Sharia principles into global climate policies and calls for collaboration among Islamic scholars, legal experts, and environmentalists to develop actionable, Sharia-based environmental policies that contribute to global climate action.

Dragon fruit plants originating from Central and South America have not been widely cultivated. This plant has only been cultivated intensively in several countries such as: Israel, Colombia, Nicaragua, Vietnam, Thailand, China and Australia. Macroscopic identification showed that the fungi associated with dragon fruit stems had similarities to the colony form of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sp. Trichoderma is known to have antagonistic abilities against pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma is easily found in soil ecosystems and plant roots. The method in this study is a survey method. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling or Judgmental sampling method, namely purposive sampling is a sampling method that selects objects (vines) that are considered attacked or have symptoms of pathogen attack. Trichoderma sp is also tolerant to stress and able to inactivate pathogenic microbial enzymes. In addition, Trichoderma sp. Able to produce enzymes that hydrolyze pathogenic cell walls which will inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic cell walls and increase their fungicidal activity, as a result of which pathogenic fungi experience a decrease in growth rate.