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Nutritional problems can jeopardize the survival of a country. The nutritional condition of each individual reflects the physiological demands of that individual, because if these needs are not met, nutrition-related health problems will arise. Children's health and nutritional status are interrelated. When a child's health deteriorates due to an infectious disease, their appetite is affected and they consume less food, resulting in less nutrients entering the body. Journals in this literature review used 3 databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the words malnutrition, child, 2-5 years. The literature search was adjusted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search results obtained 10 journals consisting of 4 national journals and 6 international journals. The results showed that the risk factors for malnutrition in children aged 2-5 years were inadequate nutritional intake, parental education and knowledge, infectious diseases, parenting, environmental sanitation and socioeconomic factors.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>This study aims to analyze the synergy between posyandu cadres and environmental sanitation in reducing stunting rates in Tanjung Mas Sub-District, Semarang City. Using a qualitative approach and data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation over the past two years (2023–2024), the research found that community-based interventions through active posyandu cadres, along with improved environmental sanitation, significantly impacted the decline in stunting prevalence in the area. This research adopts the public policy implementation theory of Sabatier & Mazmanian (2022) as well as the cross-sector collaboration theory, and Van Meter and Horns policy implementation theory. Findings indicate that the stunting rate in Tanjung Mas Sub-District decreased from 18.5% in 2022 to 11.2% by the end of 2024. The study recommends strengthening inter-agency coordination, providing ongoing training for posyandu cadres, and improving sanitation infrastructure.</em></p>

In an effort to improve the quality of environmental sanitation in traditional markets, this community service program involves students as agents of change. Traditional markets are often a gathering place for various wastes and impurities, which can have a negative impact on public health. This activity aims to increase public awareness and knowledge, especially traders and market visitors, about the importance of environmental sanitation. Through the social services carried out, students provide information about good sanitation practices and how to maintain a clean environment. The results of this activity are expected to create positive changes, improve public health, and make traditional markets a clean and comfortable place. This program is not only beneficial to the community, but also a valuable experience for students in applying the knowledge they learn, as well as developing social concern and responsibility for the environment.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a nutritional problem that has serious impacts on the health of both the mother and the fetus, such as increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and labor complications. In Jambi City, CED cases have continued to rise year by year. This study aims to identify the determinants of CED among pregnant women in the working area of Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 82 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements using MUAC. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between independent variables and the incidence of CED. The study found that the prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women was 28%. Statistical analysis revealed that infectious diseases (p=0.000), personal hygiene (p=0.009), environmental sanitation (p=0.037), education (p=0.004), occupation (p=0.000), and income (p=0.040) were significantly associated with CED in pregnant women. There is a significant relationship between infectious diseases, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, education, occupation, and income with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. It is expected that efforts to address chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center can be carried out through an integrated approach, including improvements in personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, prevention of infectious diseases, as well as enhancement of education, employment, and family income.

This study aims to analyze the effect of access to clean drinking water and access to proper sanitation on poverty levels in 18 districts in West Java during 2020–2024. Using a quantitative approach and panel data regression, the study tested the relationship between the two independent variables and poverty as the dependent variable. The results of the analysis showed that access to clean drinking water had a negative and significant effect on poverty, with a regression coefficient of -0.05784 and a p-value of 0.0484 (<0.05). This means that every 1% increase in access to clean drinking water reduces the poverty rate by 0.05784%. Better access to clean water has a direct impact on reducing the economic burden and improving the welfare of the poor. Meanwhile, access to proper sanitation has a negative coefficient of -0.01350, but its effect is not statistically significant (p-value 0.3916> 0.05). This shows that although proper sanitation is important for quality of life and health, in this model its effect on poverty has not been seen to be directly significant. These findings emphasize the importance of expanding access to clean drinking water and sanitation as an effort to alleviate poverty in West Java. Limited access to basic services affects health, productivity, and household expenditure which ultimately worsens poverty. Therefore, local governments need to focus on inclusive and sustainable policies, especially improving basic services such as clean water and health. This study is expected to be a reference for formulating a more effective and comprehensive poverty alleviation strategy in West Java.

Hiripau Village, inhabited by the Kamoro ethnic community, exhibits housing conditions that do not meet the basic infrastructure standards for livable settlements. This study aims to identify the characteristics of housing facilities and infrastructure, as well as to formulate a development strategy for the area. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing field observation, in-depth interviews with local residents and traditional leaders, and documentation of existing conditions. The findings indicate that basic infrastructure components such as neighborhood roads, clean water supply, sanitation systems, drainage, and waste management are in inadequate condition. Therefore, the study recommends an integrated planning approach for infrastructure improvement, emphasizing active community participation in the management and maintenance of the residential environment to achieve a habitable and sustainable settlement.

Household waste management is an important part of maintaining environmental quality. This article is a literature review that aims to identify and analyze the relationship between household waste management and its impact on environmental quality. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the extent to which household waste management behaviors and systems can affect environmental conditions and public health. The method used is a systematic literature review of various scientific journals, research reports, and policy documents published in the last ten years. Data sources were taken from academic databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, with a focus on studies discussing aspects of waste management, sanitation, and health impacts in residential environments. The results of the study show that poor urban waste management, such as littering and open burning, is associated with an increase in environmental diseases. Conversely, good management systems, such as regular sorting and transportation, have a positive impact on the cleanliness and health of the residential environment. Conclusion Good household waste management plays an important role in maintaining a healthy living environment. Organized and participatory practices can reduce the risk of disease and create a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment for communities. 

Nowadays, groundwater in the world has been widely exploited along with the increasing population. One of the impacts of massive groundwater extraction is the decline in groundwater levels. This potential could occur at one of the airports in East Java which is one of the most crowded airports in Indonesia. The large number of passengers at the airport has increased groundwater extraction due to the increasing need for sanitation, airport facilities, and other operational needs. This study aims to determine the potential for groundwater level decline at one of the airports in East Java. The research method used is a quantitative method by projecting secondary data from the results of groundwater level sampling carried out every 6 months. The results of the study showed a decline in groundwater levels at one of the airports in East Java in the next 20 years due to the increase in passengers each year. The results of this study are expected to be one of the preventive steps for all of us to maintain the sustainability of groundwater resources.  

This research aims to find out how the process of issuing a billing ship sanitation control exemption certificate through the Indonesian National Single Window (INSW) syncarceral system on the Sea Win III ship by PT. Putra Samudera Inti Batam. The method used in collecting and writing this paper uses the field research method in library research. The purpose and writing of this paper is to find out the flow of making a billing ship sanitation control exclusion certificate when you want to extend an expired Ship Sanitation Control Excamption Certificate (SSCEC). In accordance with applicable provisions, ships can sail if the certificate is still valid and the ship is declared healthy or free from pests or pollution, and in accordance with the route, ships entering Batam port must have complete documents and have a yellow flag which is one of the proofs that states The ship is healthy from the Port Health Quarantine office. The agent must have good relationships with the relevant agencies in Batam, so that the ship's arrival and departure process can run smoothly so that there are no obstacles in the system or in the field and runs in accordance with government regulations.

Stunting is a type of long-term childhood malnutrition that is closely linked to socioeconomic conditions and poverty. The purpose of this study is to look at strategies to reduce stunting in Indonesia using a political economy approach. To achieve this goal, a literature review method was used. The results show that there are many factors that influence stunting, including health issues and inequalities in power distribution, resource allocation and social structure. Through specific interventions (such as the First 1000 Days of Life program) and sensitive interventions (such as the provision of clean water, sanitation, education, and social protection), poverty alleviation policies are essential to reduce the prevalence of stunting. However, decentralization, poor coordination between sectors, and lack of public awareness often hinder policy implementation. To tackle stunting sustainably, the political economy approach emphasizes the need for clear political alignment, strengthened institutional capacity, and cross-sectoral integration. Stunting is a type of long-term childhood malnutrition that is closely linked to socioeconomic conditions and poverty. The purpose of this study is to look at strategies to reduce stunting in Indonesia using a political economy approach.

In Central Aceh Regency, many households still live in uninhabitable conditions. The government is running a program to rehabilitate habitable houses, but the selection of recipients is still done manually, causing inefficiency and inconsistency. This study implements the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to classify aid recipients automatically and accurately. Using a machine learning approach, data is collected based on variables of structural conditions, building materials, ventilation, lighting, and sanitation. Hyperparameter tuning is performed to optimize model performance. The implementation results show that XGBoost is able to support fair, efficient, and transparent decision making in housing assistance programs.

This study uses a qualitative method to describe the infestation of Oryctes rhinoceros beetles in oil palm plantations and its impact on crop productivity. This pest poses a major threat to oil palm cultivation due to its ability to damage the growing points of both young and mature plants, resulting in a significant decline in yield. The study was conducted through field observations and in-depth interviews with farmers and field technicians at an oil palm plantation in Sumatra. The findings reveal that Oryctes infestations are more prevalent in plantations with poor sanitation and limited implementation of regular biological control systems. Farmers predominantly rely on mechanical and chemical control methods, which have proven to be less effective due to the lack of coordinated and sustainable application. Therefore, an ecologically-based integrated pest management strategy is needed, combining biological control, cultural practices, and farmer education to effectively suppress pest populations and ensure the sustainability of oil palm production.

Food hygiene and sanitation are crucial in the culinary industry to prevent contamination and protect consumer health. However, foodborne diseases remain a global issue due to poor food handling practices. Traditional lecture methods are often ineffective in improving students' practical skills related to food safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Role-Playing Cards as an interactive learning tool. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test was conducted on 70 culinary students enrolled in a food hygiene and sanitation course. Participants were divided into two groups: Cross-Contamination and Foodborne Illness. The findings showed a significant improvement in understanding, with post-test scores increasing from 58.2 to 87.6 (p < 0.001) and from 60.4 to 89.2 (p < 0.001). Additionally, 99% of students found the method relevant, and 97% considered Role-Playing Cards engaging and easy to apply. In conclusion, this method effectively enhances students' understanding, promotes critical thinking, and provides a more interactive learning experience in food safety education.

Personal hygiene plays a significant role in food contamination, influenced by several factors including the cleanliness of eating utensils. The human body can be a source of contamination, especially when hygiene is not maintained properly, leading to the contamination of food and utensils. Contamination is not only derived from food and water sources but also from unsanitary eating equipment. In Indonesia, regulations have been established under the Minister of Health Regulation No. 1096/Menkes/SK/VI/2011 concerning hygiene and sanitation requirements for food service providers. This study aims to assess the personal hygiene of ready-to-eat food handlers in Latta Village, Teluk Ambon Baguala District. The research is descriptive in nature, using interviews and observations. The study population consisted of 22 ready-to-eat food vendors, with a sample of 5 vendors selected. The results showed that all five food handlers (Vendors I to V) did not meet the hygiene requirements according to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1096/Menkes/Per/VI/2011, with a contamination level of 0 CFU. This indicates that the personal hygiene of the five food handlers in Latta Village, Teluk Ambon Baguala District, does not meet the required standards.

Cleanliness is a fundamental aspect of life that plays an important role in maintaining the health of individuals and society. The concept of cleanliness covers various aspects, starting from personal cleanliness, the environment, to the cleanliness of the residence. Research shows that good hygiene can prevent the spread of disease, improve quality of life, and create a comfortable and productive environment. However, challenges in maintaining cleanliness include lack of public awareness, limited access to sanitation facilities, and poor waste management. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed from individuals, communities and governments to increase awareness of the importance of cleanliness through education, health campaigns and the provision of adequate facilities. By maintaining cleanliness, it is hoped that a healthier, more prosperous and sustainable life will be created.

Aspects of environmental sanitation and hygiene at the Soda Water Bath tourism object still do not meet operational standards in terms of the environment of the tourist attraction, food and drink and there is a lack of knowledge about environmental hygiene and sanitation at the tourist attraction. This research aims to obtain an overview of the implementation of sanitation facilities in public baths in the Tarutung Soda Water Baths tourist attraction area. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with data analysis techniques in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicate that the management of sanitation facilities at the Tarutung soda water baths is still very poor and needs improvement to ensure environmental cleanliness. The environmental sanitation management techniques implemented by the management start from inadequate planning and maintenance, lack of provision of rubbish bins in the tourist area, lack of cleanliness in the bathroom area resulting in an unpleasant odor in the area near the bath, lack of a special room for changing clothes. for tourists, as well as food sanitation that still does not meet standard food sanitation requirements. The author hopes that the management of the Soda Water Baths tourist attraction can improve the condition of the tourist attraction's sanitation facilities, so that paying attention to cleanliness will create comfort for visitors, because the better the sanitation facilities at a tourist attraction, the higher the level of comfort for tourists.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers characterized by shorter body height that is not appropriate for their age. Stunting can be caused by many factors such as socio- economic conditions, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, the health of the baby, and lack of nutritional intake for the baby. Toddlers who experience stunting in the future will experience difficulties in achieving optimal physical and cognitive development. This research aims to determine the relationship between several variables on the incidence of stunting among toddlers in the Talagamori Community Health Center working area. This type of research is descriptive analytics using a case control approach. The number of samples used in this research was 150 people and total sampling was carried out using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables in this study are open defecation behavior, washing hands with soap, managing household drinking water and food, managing household waste and managing household liquid waste. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is the incidence of stunting. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between open defecation behavior and the incidence of stunting (p=0.002). There is no relationship between washing hands with soap and the incidence of stunting (p=0.130). There is no relationship between household drinking water and food management and the incidence of stunting (p=0.336). There is a relationship between household waste management and the incidence of stunting (p=0.020). There is a relationship between household liquid waste management and the incidence of stunting (p=0.017). Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) is the first step in ensuring family hygiene and health. Good sanitation can prevent families, especially children under five, from malnutrition and infectious disease infections.

One of the nutritional problems that occur in children under five is stunting, also known as chronic nutritional problems due to insufficient fulfillment for long periods of time. A child under five is considered to have stunted nutritional status if his height is less than minus two median standard deviations of the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. Stunting is caused by direct causes, namely nutritional intake, infectious diseases, exclusive breastfeeding, indirect causes, namely sanitation, education, parental knowledge, income, number of family members, resources, technology, and the environment. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the incidence of stunting. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the incidence of stunting. This type of research is observational research analytic case control approach. The research samples were 49 stunted children (case Group) and 49 children without stunting (control group) in the working area of Bukit Gadeng Public Health Center, Bahagia District, South Aceh Regency, Aceh province. The Data were analyzed by performing Chi-square analysis test and the value of (OR) Odds ratio. The results showed a significant value of maternal knowledge (p-value=0.00); (OR=72.45), environmental sanitation hygiene (p-value=0.001); (OR= 2.14), history of exclusive breastfeeding (p-value=0.00); (OR= 19.37), history of infectious diseases (p-value=0.064); (OR= 3.45). Conclusion maternal knowledge, environmental sanitation hygiene, and history of exclusive breastfeeding affect the incidence of stunting and infectious disease history does not affect the incidence of stunting in the Bukit Gadeng Public Health Center, Bahagia District, and South Aceh Regency. Knowledge, sanitation hygiene, and Exclusive, breastfeeding, affect the incidence of stunting and infectious disease does not affect the incidence of stunting in the Bukit Gadeng Public Health Center, Bahagia District, and South Aceh Regency.

This study aims to develop the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) stakeholders in Badung Regency through training on processing dishes based on local food ingredients. Using a participatory training method which included counseling, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and mentoring. The study focused on improving technical skills as well as knowledge of hygiene standards and product marketing. The results showed an increase in the ability of MSME stakeholder to process local ingredients into innovative and appealing culinary products that meet market needs, while also strengthening sanitation and product quality aspects to make them more attractive to consumers. The participatory approach also encourages MSME stakeholders to actively contribute to the product development and marketing strategies, resulting in increased competitiveness and business sustainability. This study provided important contributions to MSME empowerment and the development of the local economy based on the potential of local natural resources.

Cleanliness issues remain a persistent challenge in Islamic boarding school dormitories, particularly regarding poor sanitation, limited cleaning personnel, low student participation, and a general lack of awareness among residents. This study aims to examine the roles of management and human resources (HR) in addressing these issues at Al-Musthafa Dormitory. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research focuses on individual experiences to gain in-depth insights into the implementation of management and HR roles. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that dormitory management plays a strategic role in improving environmental hygiene through structured planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions. Furthermore, HR at Al-Musthafa significantly contributes to the effectiveness of cleanliness policies by establishing clear rules and regulations and encouraging active student participation in organized hygiene programs.