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Monalisa Frince Sianturi; Audy Silvana Br Sinaga; Arnensi Evrinawati Simbolon; May Lisabeth Harianja

Kegiatan Positif : Jurnal Hasil Karya Pengabdian Masyarakat 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Community Service (PkM) is a program carried out by FKIP students at HKBP Nommensen University, Medan. Community Service Activities are based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System in Article 20 Paragraph 2 which states that: "Universities are obliged to provide education, research and community service". This Community Service activity focuses on increasing students' awareness and participation in literacy activities. Community Service Activities are a form of contribution from universities in improving the quality of education in society by using an implementation method, namely the direct observation method. By involving students and teaching staff, this activity can have a significant positive impact on literacy development and library management at SMA Negeri 2 Lubuk Pakam. The results of the implementation by considering students' literacy conditions, the role of libraries, the importance of community service activities, increasing awareness and participation of students in literacy activities in library management at SMA Negeri 2 Lubuk Pakam are a strategic and useful initiative to improve the quality of education at the secondary school level above.

Qurrotu Aini Nur Hidayah; Astri Widyaruli Anggraeni

Jurnal Inovasi Sosial dan Pengabdian 2024 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Improving and developing the mini library at Jabung Wetan State Elementary School is a program designed by teaching campus students with the approval of the school and field supervisor lecturers (DPL). This program aims to meet the needs of the school community in the teaching and learning process, especially in increasing literacy activities for students' reading interest in the school environment. The method used in this service article is descriptive qualitative by going directly into the field to carry out observation and survey activities in school libraries.This program activity goes through several stages which include: (1) making and distributing book donation pamphlets to school residents and the outside community, (2) collecting donated books, (3) buying books from the money from donations, (4) cleaning and arranging the cooperative space which will be transformed into a library, (5) the process of decorating the library, (6) the process of classifying books based on their type, (7) writing a list of books into the main library book, (8) making labels for each books, (9) arranging and arranging books on shelves, (10) selecting and appointing library ambassadors.

Viska Fitriastuti; Astri Widyaruli Anggraeni

Jurnal Pelayanan Hubungan Masyarakat 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The library revitalization program for reading corners carried out at SDN Salak 01, Randuagung District, is a student activity. Revitalizing the library for a reading corner can increase students' interest in visiting the library so that it can increase students' interest in reading. This research used a method, namely a qualitative descriptive method, because students carried out this research by engaging directly in the form of observation activities at SDN Salak 01 Kec. Randuagung. Students coordinate with the school and field supervisors. Campus program students teaching class 6, regarding library revitalization activities for the reading corner at SDN Salak 01 Kec. Randuagung does this by working together with teammates and school residents such as the teachers at SDN Salak 01 and the students at SDN Salak 01.

Ramadhan, Anggia; Nadila Huswatun Hasanah

Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2024 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Libraries are part of the learning resources that every school and college must have. Because students easily search for information or knowledge through the library. This community service aims to socialize Information Management at the SMA Negeri 7 Binjai Library through the Use of Website-Based Applications. This community service method uses a socialization approach to students, female students, and teachers of SMA Negeri 7 Binjai. The results of this study explain that a library is an organization tasked with collecting information, processing, presenting, and serving the information needs of library users. The existence of this web-based library is very helpful for students, students, and teachers in obtaining information more quickly and helping the work of librarians in managing libraries that will be with tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, even millions of collections, with services covering the school community (students, education staff, and the wider community), so it needs to be supported by an automation system that is futuristic (has a forward reach), so that it can always maintain excellent service.

Annisa Zahara; Yusra Dewi Siregar; Franindya Purwaningtyas

Jurnal Insan Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research discusses the human resource management of librarians at the North Sumatra Provincial Library and Archives Office. The purpose of this research is to know the management and obstacles in human resource development at the Library and Archives Office of North Sumatra Province. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, namely describing and describing the data and then analyzing the data obtained from the field so that the data and information obtained are explained without any engineering. Data collection techniques in this study are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants in this study amounted to 4 people which consisted of librarian functional HR empowerment section, library material development and processing section, expert level librarians and skilled or supervisory level librarians. The results showed that the recruitment and selection process of human resources in the library of the North Sumatra Provincial Library and Archives Office was regulated by the BKD (Regional Personnel Agency) and the one who determined employee acceptance was the BKN (State Personnel Agency), the suitability of organizing management in the placement of each employee according to their expertise, There are efforts to increase the participation of all group members in cooperation in order to realize the objectives of a plan through family gathering activities and rewards in the form of TPP (Additional Employee Income) and activities carried out in accordance with existing plans, namely the attitude and discipline of librarians who are in accordance with the rules that apply in the library of the library and archives office of the province of North Sumatra and there are several corrections such as S. O.P. librarian performance. O.P librarian performance that has not been implemented but replaced with S.O.P excellent service only. The obstacles in fostering librarians are the less communicative communication process and the limited budget.  

Indah Nurfi; Laylan Syafina

Riset Ilmu Manajemen Bisnis dan Akuntansi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Developing information systems for the public interest is a necessity for an organization. The success of an organization can be determined by seeing whether the planned objectives have been achieved, each plan needs to be implemented with efficient procedures. These government tasks are closely related to management information systems, because management information systems are applications that improve government performance and are expected to help decision making, information provision, and operational procedures. One of the efforts to create a reliable management information system is by implementing the Regional Goods Management Information System Application (SIMBADA). This study aims to analyze the minutes of handover still done manually and not systemized. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that there are negative and positive impacts related to the use of the SIMBADA application as well as constraints in the application that there is no category of handover minutes, so that the input process is still done manually. Where it is not efficient, it can cause data errors that can affect the performance of related work.

Endah Fauziah Giska; Jeihan Nabila

WISSEN : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2024 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the quality of service in the BASIKAMEH program, (2) the level of community satisfaction in Solok City, (3) the effect of BASIKAMEH program service quality on the level of community satisfaction in Solok City. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive method. This study took 57 respondents who were participants in the BASIKAMEH program. The sampling technique in this study used simple random sampling using the Slovin formula. The data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires (questionnaires), and also unstructured interviews. The results of this study indicate that the service quality variable gets an average value of 3.19 which is in the "Good" category. So it can be said that the quality of service in the BASIKAMEH program has been good during its implementation. The community satisfaction variable gets an average value of 3.25 which is in the "Very Satisfied" category. So it can be said that community satisfaction with the BASIKAMEH program is very satisfying for the community. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire results, the service quality of the BASIKAMEH program in Solok City, West Sumatra affects community satisfaction in Solok City. This is in accordance with the results of the correlation coefficient of 0.369 which is classified as a weak correlation. The relationship between variables X and Y is positive, this indicates that the higher the quality of service provided, the level of satisfaction will also increase, and vice versa.

Puji Mori; Gustina Erlianti

SABER : Jurnal Teknik Informatika, Sains dan Ilmu Komunikasi 2024 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

The aim of this research is to describe the effectiveness of using INLISLite for the West Sumatra Province Archives and Library Service using the Human Organization Technology (HOT) Fit Model. This research is quantitative research with descriptive methods. The population in this study were librarians who used INLISLite while on duty at the West Sumatra Province Archives and Library Service, totaling 13 librarians with sampling using a saturated sampling technique. The main instrument used is a research questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data were analyzed through inspection and tabulation stages. The research results are: First, the Human Indicator obtained an average value of 2.60 which is on an interval scale of 2.50 - 3.24 so it is included in the good category. Second, the Organizational Indicator (Organization) obtained an average of 3.16 which is on an interval scale of 2.50 - 3.24 so it is included in the good category. Third, the Technology Indicator (Technology) obtained an average of 3.21 which is on an interval scale of 2.50 - 3.24 so it is included in the good category. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the Effectiveness of Using INLISLite using the HOT Fit Model obtained an average of 2.99. This score is in the interval 2.50 - 3.24 so it is included in the good category.      

Thomas Yundra Putra; Ardoni Ardoni

Journal of Student Research 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The aim of this research is to describe the evaluation of reference services which is then seen from the CIPP Evaluation Model theory. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive methods. The variable in this research is library reference services with sub variables, namely library service evaluation using the CIPP evaluation model. The population in this study is visitors to reference services at the Bung Hatta University Library from January 2023 to November 2023 with sampling using the non-probability silling formula with an accidental sampling technique. The number of samples is 61 users. The main instrument used is a research questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The data were analyzed through the stages of examination, tabulation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research are First, in the evaluation of the context, namely the reference service function, there are 3 statements which have an average score of 3.11. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good. Second, in the input evaluation there are 3 sub-indicators, (1) librarian which consists of 4 statements and has an average score of 3.24. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good; (2) a collection consisting of 5 statements and having an average score of 3.24. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good; (3) a catalog consisting of 3 statements and having an average score of 3.09. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good. Third, in the evaluation process there are 2 sub-indicators, (1) library reference services which consist of 5 statements and have an average score of 3.25. This score is on an interval scale of 3.25-4.00 which means very good; (2) information search service which consists of 3 statements and has an average score of 3.16. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good. Fourth, in product evaluation there are 2 sub-indicators, (1) visitor data which consists of 3 statements and has an average score of 3.20. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good; (2) the level of user satisfaction which consists of 3 statements and has an average score of 3.20. This score is on a scale of 2.50-3.24 which means good.    

Mutiara Atika; Ardoni Ardoni; Gustina Erlianti; Jeihan Nabila

Journal of Student Research 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to describe the following. (1) implementation of collection standards at Bung Hatta University Library (2) implementation of facilities and infrastructure standards at Bung Hatta University Library (3) implementation of service standards at Bung Hatta University Library (4) implementation of library promotion standards at Bung Hatta University Library (5) implementation of library staff standards at Bung Hatta University Library, and (6) implementation of information and communication technology standards at Bung Hatta University Library. The research methodology used is qualitative research with the type of Field Research research and uses a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants in this study were one library officer and two people from the library users at the Bung Hatta University Library. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows. First, the implementation of collection standards, consisting of nine sub-indicators, of the nine sub-indicators, there are six sub-indicators that meet standard implementation and three sub-indicators that do not meet standard implementation. Second, the implementation of facilities and infrastructure standards, consisting of five sub-indicators, of the five sub-indicators, there are two sub-indicators that meet the implementation of standards and three sub-indicators that have not met the implementation of standards. Third, the implementation of service standards, consisting of two sub-indicators, of the nine sub-indicators, there is one sub-indicator that meets the implementation of standards and one sub-indicator has not met the implementation of standards. Fourth, the implementation of library promotion standards, this indicator has met the standard implementation. Fifth, the implementation of library staff standards, consisting of three sub-indicators, of the three sub-indicators, there is one sub-indicator that meets the standard implementation and two sub-indicators have not met the standard implementation.  Sixth, the implementation of information and communication technology standards, this indicator has not met the implementation of standards. Thus, of the twenty-one sub-indicators assessing the implementation of the Regulation of the Head of the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2017 concerning National Library Standards at the UPT Library of Bung Hatta University, those that meet the National Standards for Higher Education Libraries based on the Regulation of the Head of the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2017 concerning National Standards for Higher Education Libraries are 11 sub-indicators and those that have not met the standards are 10 sub-indicators.

Riri Nur Alia; Marta Widian Sari; Selvi Zola Fenia

Journal Economic Excellence Ibnu Sina 2024 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

This research aims to examine how much influence compensation and employee development have on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable in Padang City Archives and Library Services. The data collection method is through surveys and distributing questionnaires, with a sample of 70 respondents. The analytical method used is structural equation modeling using smartpls. The research results showed that there was a significant influence of compensation on job satisfaction. There is a significant influence of employee development on job satisfaction. There is a significant influence of compensation on employee performance. There is a significant influence of employee development on employee performance. There is a significant influence of job satisfaction on employee performance. Job satisfaction mediates the effect of compensation on employee performance. Job satisfaction mediates the effect of employee development on employee performance.

Marlina Marlina; Enas Enas; Irma Bastaman

Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Digital Terkini 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Human resources are very valuable assets and are a major investment that can determine the progress of an organization. Human resources who have knowledge, skills and attitudes that are in accordance with the needs of the organization will encourage creativity and new innovations so that they become a source of unique competitive advantage that is difficult to imitate. Thus, human resources as an asset in an organization must be managed effectively so that they are useful and effective in realizing organizational goals. Employee performance can be used as a benchmark to assess the progress of an organization. Performance measures can be seen from the number and quality of certain aspects according to the standards set by the organization or company, the form can be tangible (the measuring instrument or standard can be determined) or intangible (the measuring instrument or standard cannot be determined), depending on the form and process of implementing the work. This study aims to determine the level of work competence and work motivation as an effort to improve the performance of employees of the Archives and Library Service of Banjar City. This study uses a descriptive survey method, namely research that seeks to collect data, critically analyze the data and conclude it based on facts during the research period. The population in this study were employees of the Archives and Library Service of Banjar City, both civil servants and non-civil servants. Data processing used SPSS version 20. The results of the study were obtained from the results of testing with multiple linear regression tests showing that competence had an effect of 48.3%, and work motivation had an effect of 44.5% on performance partially, overall both variables had an effect of 78.9% and the remaining 21.1% was influenced by other factors.

Andrean, Apri Yuda; Isna Pratiwi; Didik Nopianto; Teguh Prihanto

SARGA: Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

Pendekatan Arsitektur Perilaku dalam perancangan Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Mataram merujuk pada penggunaan prinsip-prinsip perilaku manusia untuk membentuk dan meningkatkan desain perpustakaan. Pendekatan ini mempertimbangkan kebutuhan dan preferensi pengguna sebagai panduan utama dalam menciptakan lingkungan perpustakaan yang lebih responsif dan sesuai dengan pola perilaku masyarakat di Kota Mataram. Perencanaan dan perancangan perpustakaan umum di Kota Mataram merupakan salah satu solusi dari pemerintah daerah dalam membangun Kota Mataram dalam berbagai aspek, terutama aspek pendidikan. Adapula fungsi dari perpustakaan ini adalah sebagai tempat yang menyediakan informasi dan ruang baca. Pendekatan yang diusung adalah pendekatan perilaku dimana bentuk dan desain bangunan mengutamakan kenyamanan pengguna maupun pengunjung disesuaikan dengan misi pengembangan di Kota Mataram, dengan meningkatkan infrastruktur kota, sarana, dan prasarana dasar serta pemanfaatan tata ruang uang berwawasan lingkungan.    

Muhammad Al Amin; Farhanna Mar’i

Merkurius : Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika 2024 Asosiasi Riset Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Indonesia

Technical advances in computer applications have led to the creation of these library information systems, which are anticipated to support and facilitate the human workforce. It is anticipated that this technology will help with daily tasks in an effective and efficient manner as well. The subject of this study is the library system. There are obstacles in UPT Library SMP 34 GRESIK, and one of them is that the library still uses its service manual procedures, indicating the need innovation and change in the form of a cohesive system to accompany and prepare children in the classroom The library service information system provided by this network-based library information system should make it easier for students to find information and check out books, as well as for librarians to manage information about books and student loans. The waterfall approach was used by the author. To create this internet-based library resource system. The process of implementing this library information system begins with soft requirement analysis, prioritizing the process of borrowing books. Waterfall design techniques are used throughout the design stage, which involves creating a database with MySQL and building a user interface. Relationships are built in the database architecture using Entity Relationship Diagrams and Logic Relationship database (Database) structures.

Pratiwi, Reni Ayu; Ritonga, Sakti; Syam, Abdi Mubarak

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research aims to examine the library tactics used at the State Special Elementary School (SDLBN) 117709 Kampung Baru Labuhan Batu to increase the accessibility of services for blind students, and what challenges the State Special Elementary School (SDLBN) 117709 Kampung Baru Labuhan Batu faces in providing  the service.  This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive research methodology.  The collected data is checked and explained adequately according to the research location.  Purposive sampling was used as a method of collecting information, and the school principal, library manager, and teacher of the blind department were the participants.  Data collection is done by observation, both general and in-depth, and documenting.  The results of this research show that the library's strategy in increasing the accessibility of services to blind children at the State Special Elementary School (SDLBN) 117709 Kampung Baru Labuhan Batu is by carrying out a mobility orientation which will be conveyed to new students, providing information to teachers in each disability department which will later be  delivered by students and utilizing available teaching aids to provide knowledge to blind students.  Meanwhile, the obstacles faced are vandalism, lack of facilities and infrastructure such as computers and programs needed for blind children, lack of teaching aids for blind children and also the braille books provided in libraries still use the old curriculum, namely KTSP, not the new curriculum, namely K13 and librarians who  less professional.  

Khoirunnisaa Khoirunnisaa; Abdi Mubarak; Muhammad Dalimunte

Jurnal Bima : Pusat Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

The objectives to be achieved from this research are to identify obstacles, improve the role of library managers and the Library Management system, and find out the strengths and weaknesses of SLiMS. This research method uses a qualitative approach. using data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The informant in this research was the Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic UPT librarian who the researcher had selected according to the research subject criteria. As a result of this research, it can be said that the understanding of Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic UPT librarians regarding the use of SLiMS can be said to be understood by librarians regarding the use of SLiMS. However, managers can operate the software even with limited capabilities. The obstacle to using SLiMS at the UPT of the Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic Library is understanding the technology because they are not used to it and it also comes from human resources (human resources). The task of library managers is to recruit effective human resources and effective career development. Advantages and Disadvantages of SLiMS 7. One of its advantages is that it makes the work of librarians easier and faster in each service. The disadvantage is that if the light goes out, the system cannot be used manually and the software must be able to use a stable network so that it can be used.

Damayanti Sima Sima Sohilauw; M Fadly Kaliky; Fitria Tuharea

The Journal General Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research 2023 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

The Maluku Province Library and Archives Service found that the physical quality of the space did not meet the requirements, such as no ventilation, air conditioning and only a few windows that were open. This causes a lack of air coming in from outside so that employees feel hot and stuffy in the room. The aim of this research is to determine the physical and bacteriological quality of indoor air on health problems in the Maluku Province Library and Archives Service. The method used in this research is descriptive to determine the physical and bacteriological quality of indoor air on health problems at the Maluku Province Library and Archives Service. The population in this research is the entire library and archives space of Maluku Province. The samples in this research were 2 sample points, namely the reading room and the staff room of the Maluku Province Library and Archives Service. The research results show that lighting, temperature and germ numbers meet the requirements, while humidity does not meet the requirements. In accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 concerning Environmental Health. The conclusion is that lighting, temperature and germ numbers meet the requirements, while humidity does not meet the requirements

Dinda Meirany; M. Dinur Ikhsan; Sigit Danianto; Yuniati Nur Puspitasari; Satriadi Satriadi

Jurnal Manajemen Kreatif dan Inovasi 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the implementation of public library service management in Bintan Regency Library and Archives Service. This study is a qualitative study. The results of the study show that although the implementation of library service management in Bintan Regency Library and Archives Services has been implemented, there are still barriers to implementation and it is not optimal. The Bintan Regency Library and Archives Service plan was successfully implemented  through the implementation of technical guidance to staff. From an organizational perspective, the availability of facilities and infrastructure resources of Bintan Regency Library and Archives Services generally still does not meet the needs of all strata of society. Although implementation was carried out, it was not  optimal due to lack of human resources, limited funding from Bintan Regency Library Archive Service for program implementation, and  lack of reading book collection of Bintan Regency Library Archive Service. Supervision (control) indicates that supervision has been carried out through regular meetings, gradual supervision and monitoring of staff discipline, but  the government has paid little attention to the development of public library functions.    

Fitrah Athriah; Suhartini; Iwan Setiawan

Jurnal Elektronika dan Komputer 2023 STEKOM PRESS

Fungsi penting perpustakaan sebagai fasilitas penunjang universitas adalah menyediakan bahan bacaan dan sumber belajar tambahan bagi mahasiswa. Perpustakaan merupakan bangunan penting yang harus ada di setiap lembaga pendidikan. Perpustakaan adalah sumber daya yang luar biasa untuk memperluas pemikiran mahasiswa dan profesor. Hal ini harus lebih diperhatikan oleh pihak universitas agar dapat memberikan pelayanan yang sebaik-baiknya. Menggunakan sistem pengolahan data yang terkomputerisasi adalah salah satu pilihan untuk membuat segala sesuatunya berjalan lebih lancar dan efisien. Dalam skenario ini, teknik Spiral digunakan untuk membuat sistem informasi, sedangkan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data untuk sistem tersebut. Model Spiral adalah pendekatan hibrid dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak yang mengambil fitur terbaik dari Model Prototyping dan Model waterfall dan menambahkan penekanan pada penilaian risiko di setiap tingkat proses.

Fatimah Az-Zahra; Sinaga, Andre Dwi Putra; Stefy Margaretha; Kezia Thasa Emteta Karina Bangun; Lestari Lumbanbatu +3 more

GARUDA : Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dan Filsafat 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Satu langkah di bawah presiden di cabang eksekutif adalah wakil presiden. Wakil presiden membantu presiden dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, sesuai dengan Pasal 4 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Meskipun ada perubahan sebelumnya pada Konstitusi, struktur konstitusional Republik Indonesia tidak secara tegas mendefinisikan tanggung jawab dan wewenang wakil presiden. Akibatnya, tidak jelas apa tanggung jawab wakil presiden. Wakil presiden masih dianggap sebagai individu yang terpisah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, jenis penyelidikan hukum yang mencakup proses pengumpulan data menyeluruh yang melibatkan pencarian perpustakaan untuk literatur yang relevan atau sumber sekunder. Ketika presiden meninggalkan jabatannya karena pengunduran diri, hambatan untuk melakukan tanggung jawabnya, seperti ketika dia meninggal saat menjabat, atau ketika dia memindahkan kepresidenan, Wakil Presiden memiliki tanggung jawab dan kekuasaan untuk melakukannya.