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The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in fulfilling food needs, but it continues to face several challenges, including limited land, climate change, and the need for more cost-efficient production methods. To address these challenges, the application of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) technology emerges as a promising solution to enhance productivity and efficiency in farm management. AIoT technology integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling smarter decision-making, automation, and real-time data analysis in agricultural practices. This community service activity aimed to provide AIoT technology training to the Satria Tani Hanggawana Farmers' Group in Kalisapu Village, Slawi Sub-district, Tegal Regency, focusing on premium melon cultivation. The methods used in the activity included presentations on relevant materials, an introduction to AI and IoT-based Smart Farming technology, hands-on practice in a greenhouse, and interactive discussions. These methods were designed to equip participants with practical knowledge about integrating AIoT technology into their agricultural operations, enabling them to apply it directly to melon cultivation. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the participants' understanding of agribusiness management, basic bookkeeping practices, and the application of AIoT in melon cultivation. The participants exhibited high enthusiasm, actively engaging in discussions and successfully performing practical exercises. This training was effective in improving farmers' knowledge and motivating them to adopt AIoT technology in their farming operations. The program has been instrumental in encouraging the use of smart farming techniques, which can lead to more efficient and sustainable farming practices. It is recommended that ongoing support, including follow-up activities and further training, be provided to ensure the sustainability of the technology implementation and continue to improve local food security

This study explores the role of transformational leadership in driving digital innovation and management practices in SMP Negeri 4 Jombang, an Indonesian public junior high school navigating the shift toward digital-based education. The research was motivated by the challenges many schools face in adopting digital technologies, particularly in terms of limited resources, digital literacy, and leadership readiness. The objective of this study is to investigate how school leadership contributes to the successful implementation of digital transformation, focusing on collaboration, inclusivity, and innovation within school management. Using a qualitative approach, the study involved in-depth interviews and observations with the school principal and several teachers as key informants. Data were analyzed thematically to capture leadership strategies, teacher engagement, and institutional responses to technological change. The findings reveal three main insights. First, the principal’s transformational leadership acts as the primary catalyst for digital innovation, inspiring a shared vision, fostering trust, and encouraging a proactive culture among teachers. Second, the implementation of digital management is characterized by collaborative decision-making and teacher inclusivity, ensuring that policies and practices remain contextually relevant and broadly accepted. Third, significant barriers persist, particularly regarding insufficient technological infrastructure, inconsistent internet connectivity, and varying levels of digital literacy among staff, which often limit the pace and scale of digital adoption. These findings suggest that effective digital transformation in education requires not only strong visionary leadership but also collective engagement from teachers and systemic support from educational stakeholders. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning leadership practices with institutional readiness to create sustainable digital change. By offering a practical framework that highlights the interdependence of leadership vision, collaborative practices, and organizational capacity, this research contributes to the growing literature on educational leadership and digital innovation. Furthermore, it provides valuable implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen school management practices in the era of digital transformation.

Advances in digital technology in the financial sector have encouraged Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to shift from cash payment systems to non-cash payments through QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) as an effort to increase efficiency and modernize transactions. This research is motivated by the low level of QRIS adoption among MSMEs in Junti Village, Jawilan District, Serang Regency, Banten, most of which still rely on cash-based transactions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of QRIS by MSMEs, identify the obstacles faced, and assess the impact of the system's implementation on daily business activities. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with MSME actors, and supporting documentation, and this research was conducted in Junti Village in July 2025. The results revealed that some MSMEs that have adopted QRIS experienced benefits in the form of ease in conducting transactions, increased efficiency, and a more professional business image. These findings also confirm that the use of QRIS contributes to the acceleration of digital transformation in the MSME sector, although not yet fully optimal. The main obstacles encountered were limited access and the quality of internet infrastructure, which is still uneven, making it difficult for some business actors to utilize QRIS optimally. Based on these results, the study recommends the importance of increasing the intensity of socialization and training on QRIS use, as well as the need for ongoing support from local governments and financial institutions so that MSMEs can adapt more quickly and comprehensively to changes in digital technology, so that MSME digital transformation can take place effectively, inclusively, and sustainably. This study recommends the need for increased socialization, training, and support from financial institutions and local governments to encourage sustainable digital transformation of MSMEs.

Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are a key component of modern Healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) systems, enabling continuous and real-time monitoring of patients’ physiological parameters. These networks support timely medical intervention, improve patient outcomes, and facilitate remote healthcare delivery. However, due to the open and resource-constrained nature of WMSNs, they are highly susceptible to various security threats, particularly during the authentication phase. Existing authentication protocols have been found vulnerable to a range of attacks, including impersonation, session key disclosure, and gateway database compromise, which can lead to severe privacy breaches and potentially life-threatening situations. To address these issues, this paper proposes a secure and lightweight three-factor authentication protocol tailored for WMSNs in healthcare IoT environments. The proposed protocol integrates Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for strong public key-based security with minimal computational overhead, fuzzy extractors to securely handle biometric information and ensure resistance against biometric template compromise, and session-based randomness to achieve forward secrecy and prevent replay or key-compromise impersonation attacks. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol successfully mitigates prominent threats such as impersonation attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, session key leakage, and database compromise. In addition, the protocol ensures mutual authentication between the user, the gateway, and the sensor nodes, while maintaining data confidentiality and integrity. Performance evaluation indicates that the protocol offers significantly reduced computational cost and communication delay compared to existing schemes. Its low energy consumption and minimal storage requirements make it suitable for deployment in resource-constrained medical devices and large-scale IoT healthcare networks. The results highlight the protocol’s scalability, energy efficiency, and robustness, making it a practical and secure solution for safeguarding patient data and ensuring trustworthy communication in WMSNs-based healthcare IoT systems.

Exposure to food advertising, particularly UPF (Ultra-Processed Food), not only impacts children's short-term food choices but also influences the formation of long-term unhealthy eating habits. Several studies have found that advertising's influence on children is not only direct but is also reinforced by environmental factors such as family eating habits, peer influence, and food accessibility at home and school. For example, children who regularly watch television unsupervised or who have personal devices with internet access are more likely to be exposed to UPF advertising, which is typically designed with bold colors, cartoon characters, and memorable slogans. This makes children more susceptible to influence and develop preferences for the promoted foods. Furthermore, UPF advertising often features emotional messages or positive associations such as fun, friendship, and rewards, further strengthening its appeal to children. When these advertisements are repeatedly exposed, children can internalize these messages and make them part of their eating experience. In the long term, this risks causing children to associate unhealthy foods with comfort or happiness, which can trigger emotional eating and increase the potential for eating disorders and the risk of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to involve various stakeholders, including parents, educators, industry players, and policymakers, in building a healthy eating environment. Media literacy education for children is also a crucial step in equipping them to be more critical of advertising messages. Strict regulations on food marketing aimed at children, such as banning UPF advertising during children's broadcast hours, regulating the use of cartoon characters, and providing clear and easy-to-understand nutrition labeling, are important strategies to reduce the negative impact of UPF advertising on children's health in the long term.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze solutions in the role of information technology-based teaching and learning in improving the quality of learning at SDN 3 Koba Bangka Tengah. This research was conducted at SDN 3 Koba Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The research period was from June to September 2024. The object of this study was the entire learning process that utilizes information technology as a means and media to support teaching and learning activities. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. The data sources used consisted of primary data obtained through direct observation in the classroom and interviews with teachers, principals, and students; and secondary data in the form of learning administration documents, teaching tools, and learning outcome reports. Data collection techniques included participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data validity was tested by triangulation of sources to ensure the accuracy and consistency of information. The results showed that the use of information technology, such as the use of projectors, learning videos, and digital-based educational applications, significantly helped improve student motivation and understanding of the material. In addition, teachers showed quite good adaptation in using technological devices to support the learning process. However, several obstacles remain, such as limited internet network facilities, a lack of technology training for teachers, and inadequate school infrastructure. Nevertheless, the implementation of information technology has been proven to improve the quality of learning when supported by visionary school policies, ongoing teacher training, and active parental involvement in students' learning processes. These findings reinforce the importance of technology integration as a 21st-century learning strategy. Overall, information technology-based learning is an innovative solution for creating a more interactive, effective, and relevant learning environment.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT), particularly the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, has transformed Indonesia's national security threat landscape. Threats that previously focused on traditional military aspects have now shifted to non-traditional cyber threats, such as cyberattacks, digital espionage, and infrastructure sabotage. According to PROXSIS IT GRC data, in 2024, more than 19 million cyberattacks were recorded against websites in Indonesia. While this figure is a decrease compared to the previous year, this trend is thought to reflect a shift towards more structured and organized tactics by threat actors. In response, the Indonesian government established the National Cybersecurity Action Plan 2024–2028 as a strategic guideline. Furthermore, cyber diplomacy is being promoted through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, for example through the signing of memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with the UK and Kaspersky. This cooperation includes the exchange of intelligence information, strengthening human resource capacity, raising public awareness regarding cybersecurity, and protecting critical information infrastructure. This study uses non-traditional security theory and defense diplomacy to analyze the strategies, challenges, and prospects of Indonesia's cyber policy. The analysis demonstrates that cyber defense diplomacy plays a crucial role as an instrument for integrating technology, regulation, and international collaboration in safeguarding digital sovereignty. In addition to strengthening threat detection and mitigation capabilities, this diplomacy also builds networks of trust with partner nations, which is essential amidst the increasing complexity of global threats. Therefore, in the era of digital globalization, full of interconnections, cyber defense diplomacy serves not only as a national protection tool but also as Indonesia's contribution to global cybersecurity stability. This effort prioritizes synergy between technological innovation, law enforcement, and sustainable international cooperation.

In Indonesia, there are approximately 22.97 million people, or approximately 8.5 percent of the population, with the largest proportion being in the elderly group. One form of disability is physical disability, a condition in which limbs are imperfect due to defects that cause damage to bones, muscles, and joints, so that body functions cannot run normally. This condition often impacts not only the physical aspect, but also the psychological health of the sufferer. One of the main challenges faced by people with physical disabilities is maintaining resilience, namely the individual's ability to overcome depression, anxiety, pressure, and stress in living daily life. This study uses a literature review method to examine the results of previous studies relevant to the topic of resilience in people with physical disabilities. The data collection process was carried out through literature searches on the internet using sources from Google Scholar and Google Books. The criteria for selected literature include research that focuses on psychological interventions, especially reality therapy, and its effect on increasing resilience. Reality therapy is a counseling approach that emphasizes personal responsibility, awareness of choices, and the development of skills to face life's challenges effectively. The study results indicate that reality therapy has been shown to have a positive effect on increasing resilience in individuals with physical disabilities. Through a structured counseling process, this therapy helps individuals recognize their potential, develop positive attitudes, and develop adaptive coping strategies. Furthermore, reality therapy can increase motivation, self-confidence, and the ability to make constructive decisions when faced with physical limitations and social pressures. These findings indicate that the application of reality therapy can be an effective approach to supporting the psychological well-being of individuals with physical disabilities, while also contributing to more holistic rehabilitation efforts in Indonesia.

This study investigates the adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) by registration staff at Tangkiling Health Center, Palangka Raya, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. Out of 61 total healthcare workers, five medical record staff with educational backgrounds in midwifery, nursing, dental nursing, and non-medical high school were purposively selected as research participants. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method, combining in-depth interviews and direct field observations. Results indicate that while the staff acknowledged the usefulness of EMR in improving service efficiency and data accessibility, several barriers hindered its effective use—primarily a lack of training, limited digital literacy, unstable internet connectivity, and inadequate hardware such as computers and printers. Observations showed that only the registration unit had a single shared computer, while other units like outpatient clinics, pharmacy, and cashier still relied on manual documentation. This fragmentation has led to duplicate workloads and disrupted patient data continuity. Despite these challenges, the staff demonstrated a positive attitude and strong behavioral intention to adopt EMR if provided with sufficient infrastructure and regular training. The study concludes that successful EMR implementation in primary healthcare requires not only user acceptance but also institutional readiness, adequate resources, and integrated systems across all service units.

Millions of workers die or are injured every year. The telecommunications sector, including internet access installation, faces high hazards such as heights and electricity. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a crucial tool for identifying hazards and controlling risks. This study aims to determine the description of JSA implementation in outdoor internet access installation survey work at Biznet Cirendeu in 2025. This descriptive observational qualitative research uses in-depth interviews with key informants (HSE Officer) and main informants (field technicians), direct observation with a checklist, and internal JSA document review. Source and method triangulation are used for data validity. Identified potential hazards include fall risks, electric shock, ergonomic injuries, and contact with sharp objects. The likelihood of incidents is generally small to moderate, but the severity can vary from mild to fatal. Risk control has been applied through PPE and administrative controls, but there are still challenges in compliance and optimization of engineering/substitution controls. The implementation of JSA at Biznet Cirendeu has followed the stages of risk identification, assessment, and control, but requires strengthening worker compliance and developing higher controls. It is recommended to improve PPE/SOP supervision, optimize engineering/substitution controls, update JSA documents, and strengthen OHS culture.

This Real Work Lecture (KKN) activity was carried out in Kampung Tua Teluk Mata Ikan, Batam, with the aim of making a real contribution to the community through two main programs, namely the development of digital marketing for Ujung Beach tourist destinations and the implementation of social service activities at the Al-Kahfi Foundation. The problems faced by partners are the lack of digital promotion strategies for tourism potential and the limited support of adequate social facilities at the foundation. To overcome these problems, this service activity uses field observation methods, digital marketing training, mutual cooperation on environmental cleanliness, and socialization to the community and foundation administrators. The training includes social media content creation, digital account management, and internet-based marketing strategies to increase the attractiveness of Ujung Beach as a local tourist destination. In addition, social activities are carried out through joint community service, provision of basic needs assistance, and clean environment education. The results of the implementation of this program show an increase in public awareness of the importance of using digital technology for tourism promotion, as well as the creation of a cleaner, neater, and more comfortable social environment. The enthusiasm of the community and the foundation showed a positive response to this activity, which contributed to strengthening the socio-economic capacity of the residents. Overall, this KKN program not only provides a short-term impact in the form of improving skills and environmental cleanliness, but also encourages the sustainability of local tourism development and community empowerment. The active involvement of students in the planning and evaluation process also strengthens the spirit of collaboration and social concern which is the main basis of this service activity.

Electricity has emerged as an essential requirement in modern life. As demand escalates, electricity costs rise, making wastefulness a drain on financial resources. Consequently, forecasting electricity usage can enhance our management of consumption. This study presents an IoT-based monitoring and forecasting system for electricity consumption. The system comprises two NodeMCU micro-controllers, a PZEM-004T sensor for collecting real-time power data, and three relays that regulate the current flow to three distinct electrical appliances. The data gathered is transmitted to a web application utilizing the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm to forecast future electricity usage based on historical patterns. We evaluated the system's performance using four weeks of electricity consumption data. The results indicated that predictions were most accurate when the user’s daily consumption pattern remained stable, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of approximately 1 watt and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) ranging from 1% to 1.7%. Additionally, predictions were notably precise during the early morning hours (3:00 AM to 8:00 AM) when k=6 was employed. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating IoT-based systems with machine learning for real-time energy monitoring and forecasting. Furthermore, it emphasizes the application of data mining techniques within embedded IoT environments, providing valuable insights into the implementation of lightweight machine learning for smart energy systems.

Arabic language proficiency, a key element in Islamic religious education, requires adequate learning resources. One innovation that contributes to the learning process is the use of a digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionary. This study aims to identify the extent to which students utilize digital dictionaries and their impact on Arabic language learning. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach through data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. Participants included students enrolled in the Arabic Language Education study program from the 2010 intake, lecturers teaching Arabic, and data on the use of digital dictionary applications. The study findings indicate that most students prefer using digital dictionaries due to their ease of access and comprehensive features, such as instant word search and examples of word usage in context. Students perceive digital dictionaries as more practical and efficient, especially for quickly searching for word meanings, which is very helpful in the intensive Arabic language learning process. However, several obstacles also arise, including low digital literacy among some students and limited internet access in some locations. On the other hand, lecturers at the Al-Zaytun Islamic Institute in Indonesia continue to encourage the use of printed dictionaries to train students' accuracy in searching for meanings, especially so that they do not rely solely on technology. Overall, the use of digital dictionaries has been proven to positively contribute to improving Arabic comprehension and sentence structure, making them an effective and relevant alternative learning resource in the digital age. The use of digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionaries also makes it easier for students to learn technical terms frequently used in academic and religious texts.

This research was conducted from June to July 2025 in Binjai City, with the primary focus being analyzing the readiness of the Binjai City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) to implement a flood early warning system utilizing artificial intelligence (AI). The data collection process was conducted through a literature review, which involved reviewing various theories and previous research results regarding the application of AI and Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the context of disaster mitigation. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of technologies such as ultrasonic sensors, microcontrollers, fuzzy logic, and automatic notification systems can provide real-time warnings with a high level of accuracy and a fast response. This system enables early detection of rising river levels through automatic measurements, intelligent data processing, and sending notifications to authorities and affected communities within seconds. By integrating historical data and machine learning-based predictions, this system is also able to depict potential flooding before it occurs, providing a longer response time for evacuation. However, the readiness of the Binjai City BPBD still faces various challenges, such as limited digital infrastructure, the need for human resource training in the technology field, and inadequate budget allocation. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration and ongoing policy support are needed for optimal implementation of this system. The use of AI and IoT in early warning systems is not only technically relevant but also urgent in the face of increasing climate change and flood risks. A strategy involving cross-sector collaboration between government, academia, and the private sector is needed to develop an adaptive and sustainable early warning system.

The implementation of digitalization in the healthcare sector through the Integrated Referral sistem (Sistem Informasi Rujukan Terintegrasi/SISRUTE) offers significant opportunities to expand access and improve the quality of healthcare services, especially in remote and underserved areas of Indonesia. This paper aims to analyze the challenges of implementing SISRUTE from a legal perspective, focusing on the principle of equitable healthcare access. The study uses a normative juridical approach combined with literature analysis, examining national regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, Government Regulation No. 47 of 2021 on Hospital Administration, and supporting ministerial policies. The research identifies several barriers that hinder the effectiveness of SISRUTE implementation, such as uneven distribution of digital infrastructure, limited internet connectivity, lack of adequately trained healthcare personnel, and the absence of supporting local regulations that align with national policy frameworks. These challenges create disparities in the utilization of SISRUTE, particularly in rural and remote areas, undermining the constitutional mandate for equal access to health services. From a legal standpoint, the principle of equity in healthcare has yet to be fully realized through SISRUTE due to these systemic gaps. The study concludes that strategic efforts are needed to improve intergovernmental coordination, harmonize health and digital regulations, strengthen healthcare workers' digital competencies, and invest in robust infrastructure development. Only through an integrated legal, technological, and human resource approach can SISRUTE fulfill its intended function in supporting a fair, inclusive, and effective healthcare referral system nationwide. This paper contributes to ongoing discourse on legal reforms for digital health equity in Indonesia.

Population administration services at the village level often face various challenges, such as technological limitations, lack of outreach, and low digital literacy among the community. These conditions hinder the provision of fast and efficient services, particularly in the KTP (National Identity Card) issuance process. Therefore, innovation in services is needed, one of which is the implementation of digital KTPs. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital KTP services in Kelong Village, Bintan Pesisir District, Bintan Regency. This service is part of the government's efforts to digitize population administration, which is expected to improve the efficiency and quality of public services at the village level. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The theory used for analysis is the policy implementation theory of Van Horn and Van Meter, which involves six main indicators. The results show that the digital KTP service in Kelong Village has been implemented since 2022 and provides convenience for the community, especially in terms of service speed and the friendly attitude of village officials. The community feels that obtaining their KTPs is faster than the previous manual procedure. Furthermore, village officials demonstrated a friendly and helpful attitude during the service process, enhancing the community's positive experience. However, this study also identified several challenges in implementing digital ID card services, such as a lack of public awareness regarding the procedures and benefits of digital ID cards. Limited technological devices and unstable internet connections also hampered smooth service delivery. Furthermore, low levels of digital literacy in the community made it difficult for some to access the service effectively.

The agricultural sector has a vital role in meeting national food needs, improving community welfare, and strengthening regional food security. However, the sector still faces various challenges, including land limitations, climate change, price fluctuations, and low production cost efficiency. Therefore, innovation is needed through the application of digital technology that is able to increase the productivity and sustainability of farming businesses. One of the solutions offered is the use of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), which is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT) that allows agricultural systems to run more intelligently, efficiently, and scalably. This community service activity was carried out with the Satria Tani Hanggawana Farmers Group located in Kalisapu Village, Slawi District, Tegal Regency, with the main focus on premium melon cultivation. The method of the activity included material presentations on the concept of smart farming, the introduction of IoT-based sensor devices for monitoring temperature, humidity, and plant nutrition, field practices in greenhouses, simulations of the use of AI-based applications for crop prediction, and interactive discussions. In addition, material was also provided on simple agribusiness management, financial recording, and crop marketing strategies so that farmers are able to manage their businesses more professionally. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge related to the application of AIoT in modern agriculture. Farmers not only understand the benefits of technology, but are also able to practice using tools and applications directly. The enthusiasm of the participants was reflected in their active involvement in discussions, willingness to try new technologies, and awareness of the importance of innovation to face agricultural challenges in the digital era.

Environmental health risks, including air pollution, unsafe water, and climate-sensitive diseases, remain pressing global challenges that continue to threaten public well-being. Conventional monitoring systems are typically manual, costly, and geographically limited, making it difficult to provide timely and accurate data for intervention. This study explores how digital health technologies—specifically mobile health (mHealth), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and remote sensing—are applied to strengthen the monitoring and management of environmental health risks. A structured literature review was carried out by synthesizing 87 peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2024, using an evaluation framework built on keyword clustering, metadata filtering, and multi-criteria scoring to assess usability, scalability, interoperability, and relevance to health outcomes. Findings show that mHealth platforms are highly accessible and user-friendly but often face limitations in integration with broader health systems. IoT and AI technologies offer strong scalability and predictive capability, particularly in real-time risk detection, though they are hindered by interoperability issues across platforms. Meanwhile, remote sensing is powerful for capturing large-scale environmental data but lacks direct connections to health-specific applications. The analysis identifies a critical gap in the integration of these technologies, emphasizing the need for cross-sector collaboration to build more robust, interoperable systems. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of ethical considerations, validation processes, and interdisciplinary approaches to ensure sustainable and impactful implementation. Overall, this study provides not only a comparative synthesis of current practices but also a methodological roadmap to guide future digital innovations in environmental health. By bridging technological potential with practical application, it underscores the urgent need for integrated strategies that can better address the growing complexity of environmental health risks in the modern era.

Internet of Things (IoT)-based digital transformation has become a major catalyst in improving the efficiency of operational systems in various sectors, including the modern retail industry. One of the common logistics problems found in supermarket environments is the accumulation of unorganized shopping trolleys, which can hinder service flow and increase staff workload. This study presents a design of an IoT-based autonomous smart trolley system and automatic navigation to address these problems in a structured manner. The system design utilizes the integration of ESP32 and Arduino UNO microcontrollers, ultrasonic sensors for distance detection, line sensors for automatic path navigation, and Raspberry Pi modules for visual image processing in location tracking. The system is designed to be able to independently reposition the trolley to a predetermined parking station. Conceptual analysis shows that this system has significant potential in reducing operational costs, increasing labor efficiency, and strengthening customer service automation. Initial evaluation of technical and economic feasibility aspects strengthens the opportunity for widespread system implementation in the future. This design is the first step in developing a smart retail solution based on adaptive technology that is in line with the principles of Society 5.0. Furthermore, the development of this smart trolley system also considers user safety and comfort through additional features such as anti-collision sensors, an early warning system in the event of technical problems, and a manual control option as an alternative in emergency situations. The integration of Internet of Things-based technology also enables real-time monitoring and management systems through a web-based dashboard or mobile application, which can be accessed by supermarket management for operational analysis. Thus, this system not only addresses internal logistics needs but also contributes to improving the overall customer experience.

A child who becomes a victim of a criminal act, often referred to as a child victim, is one who experiences physical, psychological suffering, and/or loss of property due to a criminal act. In the case of children who are victims of sexual violence, it is not limited to physically healthy children, but also includes children with disabilities, whether physical, mental, or intellectual. These child victims have the right to restitution, which is a form of compensation for the harm and losses they have suffered. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by child victims of sexual violence and explain how the restitution process can be implemented within the context of Indonesian law. The author applies a normative research method and gathers data through literature review. The data obtained comes from legal regulations, court rulings, books, and relevant internet sources. The findings of this study indicate that restitution is a right granted to victims as a form of accountability from the perpetrator for their actions. Restitution aims to provide compensation for the victim’s suffering and loss, both materially and psychologically. However, several obstacles to fulfilling the right to restitution for child victims were identified. One of the main obstacles is the lack of understanding from the victim's family regarding the importance of restitution. Often, the victim’s family is unaware that they have the right to request restitution as part of the legal process. Additionally, inadequate cooperation between law enforcement and related institutions is another barrier to fulfilling the right to restitution. The lack of coordination between agencies in handling child sexual violence cases leads to delays in the restitution process. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness among the families of victims and improve cooperation between law enforcement, child protection agencies, and other related parties to ensure that the right to restitution is properly fulfilled.