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The increasing demand for interactive web applications has encouraged the adoption of server-driven approaches such as Livewire as an alternative to building Single Page Applications (SPAs) without complex client-side JavaScript. However, the performance implications of this approach compared to conventional methods remain insufficiently explored. This study presents an empirical comparison between Laravel Blade with AJAX and Livewire in an academic attendance system scenario. Performance evaluation was conducted using k6 on the same web server, complemented by manual browser-based testing to observe actual communication patterns. The results indicate that Livewire exhibits approximately 2.7× higher average response time and up to 6× greater bandwidth consumption than Laravel Blade, primarily due to its snapshot mechanism and state synchronization process. Conversely, Livewire demonstrates better stability, reflected by lower maximum response times and a 0% error rate. These findings highlight a clear trade-off between resource efficiency and development convenience, where Livewire favors stability and developer productivity, while Laravel Blade provides superior efficiency in terms of latency and bandwidth usage.

This study is a scholarly work by a student of the Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, supervised by Dra. Rapi Us. Djuko as the first advisor and Mr. Nunung Suryana Jamin, SE, M.Si as the second advisor. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of foreign language development achievements among early childhood learners in Group B at TK Nurul Ilmih. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection methods. A total of 22 children participated as the primary subjects and were actively involved throughout the observation process. The research focused on several linguistic aspects, including language comprehension, verbal expression, basic vocabulary usage, pronunciation ability, and children's responses to bilingual instructions (in both Indonesian and English). The findings indicate that the children’s foreign language development falls within the "developing as expected" category, although it has not yet reached an optimal level. Some children still encounter difficulties in pronouncing English vocabulary, constructing simple sentences, and understanding verbal commands. Several factors influence the progress of their language development, including family background, parenting style, the intensity of teacher-provided stimulation, and habitual exposure to foreign languages in daily school activities. The study concludes that consistent, engaging, and developmentally appropriate stimulation from both teachers and parents plays a crucial role in fostering bilingual proficiency in early childhood.

This study examines Japanese advertising and product-information texts on Shiseido Japan’s official website (www.brand.shiseido.co.jp) that grammatically prevent readers from construing statements as universal claims (“always” or “true for everyone”). It addresses two problems: how universal readings are blocked through grammatical construction in this register, and how the main blocking mechanisms differ in limiting generalisation and managing scope. The data consist of sentence-level usage, precautionary, and quality-related statements that plausibly invite broad general interpretations. Seven analytically representative tokens are used as illustrative evidence, covering wake-negation, baai-based case framing, and event/occasion packaging with V-ru koto ga aru, including rare-event calibration with mare ni and layered conditional framing. The study employs qualitative, theory-driven grammatical analysis focusing on clause structure, embedding, nominalisation, connective relations, and the compositional contribution of key markers. The results identify recurring templates with distinct structural signatures. Wake-negation blocks over-strong uptake by denying a candidate inference (…to iu wake de wa arimasen). Case framing with baai shifts categorical commitments into situation-restricted possibility (…baai ga arimasu), including complex variants that add causal linkage, avoidance marking, and directive closure. Event/occasion packaging with koto plus existential predication (…koto ga arimasu) presents anomalies as contingent occurrences, and it can be triggered by causal conditions (e.g., temperature change) or conditional frames (…to). Rare-event marking with mare ni further calibrates frequency and often co-occurs with contrastive reassurance about quality. Overall, universal-blocking emerges as a set of non-redundant grammatical routes that constrain inference, situational domain, and event profiling in a compact public informational genre.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Jakarta Smart Card Plus (KJP Plus) Program at the Junior High School (SMP) level in South Jakarta in 2024. The program is an initiative by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta to ensure access to education for underprivileged families. This research employs Sutrisno’s (2007) program effectiveness theory, which includes five key indicators: program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, goal achievement, and real change. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation involving informants from the South Jakarta Region I Education Sub-Department, school principals, students, and parents of KJP Plus beneficiaries. The results of the study indicate: (1) Understanding of the program is still uneven, particularly among parents who lack knowledge about the mechanism and use of KJP Plus; (2) Target accuracy is not optimal, as some recipients are economically capable, such as those who own cars or fall into higher welfare deciles; (3) The timeliness of fund distribution is generally good, although there are still some administrative delays; (4) Goal achievement is evident through reduced school dropout rates and increased educational participation, but not evenly across all areas; and (5) Real change is felt by most beneficiaries through easier access to education and provision of school supplies, although misuse of funds for non-educational purposes is still present. Overall, the effectiveness of the KJP Plus program at the SMP level in South Jakarta is deemed suboptimal, highlighting the need for improved data accuracy, stricter fund usage monitoring, and broader program socialization.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the environment and serves as an important indicator of microbiological contamination in cosmetic products. Its ability to survive in low nutrient conditions and its resistance to various preservatives make it a microorganism frequently found in water-based products. Contamination can occur during production, storage, and use, and has the potential to cause irritation or infection, especially in individuals with low immunity. This literature review was compiled based on data searches on PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Scopus with inclusion criteria of original studies from 2015 to 2025 that reported the detection of P. aeruginosa in cosmetic products. The results of the review show that P. aeruginosa is not only found in new products but also in used products, mainly due to unhygienic usage practices. Although some products are declared free from contamination, monitoring of the production process and consumer education on how to use and store cosmetics are still necessary. Thus, the detection and control of P. aeruginosa are important aspects in ensuring the safety of cosmetic products on the market.

Texture creation has been one of the important aspects in creating 3D environment. It could support an object that could be identified by the viewer. There has been software that providing the creation of a texture for a playable 3D game asset. The purpose of this research was to find the method of making a wall texture and to show the in-app parameters that could be applied. The objective of this research is to find any possible limitation toward using the software. As a step to make exploration thoroughly, a brick wall design has been made with initial modelling in ZBrush and Maya app. Followed by the usage of Substance 3D Painter as a variable to control the texture modification. There was more in-depth explanation in creating a defined surface texturing with in-app technical parameters.

The goal of this community service program (PkM) at SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda is to increase students' enthusiasm for reading by providing them with e-books that are based on QR codes. Students' lack of enthusiasm for reading and resources for reading led to the program's inception. E-books with QR codes embedded were presented as a workable approach to digital literacy that caters to the needs of students who were born into the digital age. Several steps were involved in the process, such as determining requirements, creating an e-book, creating QR codes, installing them at key school locations, and finally, monitoring and evaluating the results. Observations and questionnaires were given to 200 students as part of the assessment. Students' interest in and ability to access literature were both enhanced by the usage of QR Codes, according to the findings. In a survey, 82% of people said QR Codes were simple to use, and 85% said they were more motivated to read after using them. In terms of reading frequency, 76% of students saw an improvement, and 72% said they could understand what they read better.With an overall mean score of 4.35 (categorized as excellent), the digital literacy program proved to be effective and positively received. Overall, the implementation of QR Code–based e-books successfully strengthened digital literacy practices and created a more engaging, flexible, and sustainable reading experience, offering a model for digital literacy initiatives in other schools.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the JKN Mobile interface using Nielsen’s Usability Heuristic Principles to identify issues that affect clarity, consistency, and user navigation. The research applied a descriptive qualitative approach through interface observation and visual analysis, focusing on typography, layout, color usage, iconography, and feedback mechanisms. The findings showed that several essential elements of system status were not clearly presented, such as loading indicators, data update information, and synchronization cues. Inconsistencies in icon style, visual hierarchy, and button functions further reduced predictability and increased the cognitive load on users. Some screens also displayed incomplete content and unclear action mapping, which disrupted task flow. The study concludes that improving visual hierarchy, standardizing interface components, refining navigation paths, and providing clearer feedback can strengthen usability and support the application’s role as an accessible digital public service.

The development of digital technology has changed the communication and social interaction patterns of students, especially female students. Social media not only functions as a means of self-expression, but also has the potential to increase social pressure due to exposure to beauty standards and social validation. This study aims to analyze the influence of personality and social media usage on the level of social pressure among female culinary arts students at Medan State University. The approach used was quantitative with a survey method of 170 respondents, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that personality (β = 0.314, p < 0.001) and social media usage (β = 0.630, p < 0.001) significantly influenced social pressure. Social media factors were more dominant predictors than personality. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening digital literacy and increasing self-confidence to minimize social pressure among female students in the technological era.

This research aims to analyze the role of internal social media (ISM) in facilitating collaboration and innovation among employees within organizations. With the increasing adoption of digital platforms in the workplace, ISM has become an important tool for enhancing communication, knowledge sharing, and social interaction. This study explores how the use of ISM influences employee collaboration, leading to increased innovation and overall organizational performance. Through surveys and interviews with employees across various industries, this research gathers data on ISM usage, perceptions of collaboration, and levels of innovation. The results of the study indicate that ISM plays a significant role in enhancing employee collaboration by providing a platform for easy communication, information sharing, and community building. Furthermore, the study finds that collaboration facilitated by ISM positively impacts employee innovation, leading to the development of new ideas, improved processes, and enhanced products. This research highlights the importance of ISM in fostering a culture of collaboration and innovation within organizations and provides practical insights for organizations looking to leverage ISM for competitive advantage.

Food-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting household economic growth, including in Sialang Village, Bangkinang Subdistrict. One of the local businesses, “Keripik Cabe dan Mie Kuning Bu Inun,” produces cassava chips using traditional frying methods, which result in high oil absorption, inconsistent quality, short shelf life, and low production efficiency. Limited knowledge of food processing technology, sanitation, and food safety standards further hinders business development. This community service program aims to address these challenges through the application of low-oil frying technology, training on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), production assistance, and periodic evaluation. The implementation method includes field observation, technical training, technology demonstration, production mentoring, and monitoring. The results show significant improvements in product quality, indicated by lower oil content, crispier texture, brighter color, and longer shelf life. Efficiency in oil usage and process stability also increased. Moreover, the knowledge and skills of MSME actors in sanitation, food safety, and production management improved considerably. Overall, the program successfully enhanced the competitiveness of the MSME, strengthened production sustainability, and provided positive economic impacts. This initiative can serve as a replicable model for other food MSMEs facing similar challenges.

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation of PSAK 238 (Intangible Assets) and PSAK 236 (Impairment of Assets) within Indonesian manufacturing companies. Using a quantitative descriptive design, the research draws on annual reports of 50 selected manufacturing entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the fiscal year 2023. Key variables include recognition, measurement, amortisation (for PSAK 238) and impairment indicators, recoverable amount, reversal-conditions (for PSAK 236). Findings indicate that although majority of firms comply with recognition criteria under PSAK 238, significant discrepancies persist in the disclosure of measurement model usage and the reversal of impairment losses per PSAK 236. The implications highlight the need for enhanced audit procedures and training for preparers of financial statements to ensure robust, transparent reporting. The study contributes theoretically by bridging standard-setting literature and empirically by offering insight into Indonesian practice. Implications for regulators and practitioners are discussed.

This study aims to analyze the development of debit card, credit card, and e-money usage and inflation in Indonesia, while also examining the effect of these three payment instruments on inflation from January 2015 to July 2025. The method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) with the help of Eviews 12 software, while data was obtained from Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results show that in the long term, debit cards do not have a significant impact on inflation. Conversely, credit cards have a positive and significant impact, indicating that increased credit card usage can drive up inflation. On the other hand, e-money has a negative and significant effect on inflation in the long term, so that increased e-money transactions actually tend to suppress inflation. In the short term, these three payment instruments—debit cards, credit cards, and e-money—do not show a significant impact on inflation in Indonesia. These findings provide insight into the dynamics of non-cash payment instruments and provide assurance regarding price stability.

The rapid advancement of information technology requires teachers to possess adequate digital skills and understanding to support the learning process. A website serves as an essential digital medium that can be utilized for providing information, learning materials, activity documentation, and facilitating communication among teachers, students, and the school. This study aims to develop and manage a school website as a means to enhance information technology knowledge for teachers at SMP Bina Bangsa Mandiri Cikeas, Bogor Regency. The research employed a system development approach, including needs analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation of website usage by teachers. The results indicate that the developed website provides ease of access in managing school information, preparing digital learning content, and improving teachers’ digital literacy. Moreover, the website serves as a collaborative platform that supports teachers in sharing materials and teaching innovations. Therefore, developing and managing a website effectively contributes to enhancing information technology competence among junior high school teachers.

The rapid advancement of information technology requires teachers to possess adequate digital skills and understanding to support the learning process. A website serves as an essential digital medium that can be utilized for providing information, learning materials, activity documentation, and facilitating communication among teachers, students, and the school. This study aims to develop and manage a school website as a means to enhance information technology knowledge for teachers at SMP Bina Bangsa Mandiri Cikeas, Bogor Regency. The research employed a system development approach, including needs analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation of website usage by teachers. The results indicate that the developed website provides ease of access in managing school information, preparing digital learning content, and improving teachers’ digital literacy. Moreover, the website serves as a collaborative platform that supports teachers in sharing materials and teaching innovations. Therefore, developing and managing a website effectively contributes to enhancing information technology competence among junior high school teachers.

This study analyzes the influence of Ethical Anxiety, Ethical Risk Perception, and Ethical Awareness on students’ Academic Performance, with the use of Generative AI as a mediating variable. The method employed is quantitative, using the SEM-PLS approach with 41 questionnaire items. The results indicate that the instruments are valid and reliable, with R-squared values of 0.727 for Generative AI Usage and 0.705 for Students’ Academic Performance. Surprisingly, Ethical Anxiety and Ethical Risk Perception have a significant positive effect on Generative AI Usage, which partially mediates their impact on Academic Performance. However, mediation does not occur in the relationship between Ethical Awareness and Academic Performance. These findings suggest that ethical factors play an important role, but their influence on AI usage and its impact on academic outcomes is not uniform within the academic environment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic role of the Green Human Resource Information System (Green HRIS) in bridging the transformation of human resource management with the demands of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, specifically examining how Green HRIS contributes to sustainable HR practices, organizational performance, and digital HR transformation. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study identifies, evaluates, and synthesizes prior research by conducting a structured search across major academic databases—Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley—for publications from 2020 to 2025 that address green HRM, HR digitalization, sustainable HR practices, and ESG integration. The review process includes screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting key data, and categorizing findings into environmental, social, and governance dimensions. The results demonstrate that Green HRIS strengthens ESG implementation by reducing paper usage, lowering carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable HR practices such as digital recruitment and e-learning, while also improving governance through enhanced transparency, accountability, regulatory compliance, and real-time reporting. Empirical evidence indicates that Green HRIS fosters employee engagement, organizational innovation, and the development of green competitive advantages. Practically, the study highlights how organizations, policymakers, and HR managers can utilize Green HRIS to optimize digital transformation and meet ESG requirements, thereby reinforcing legitimacy and long-term competitiveness within the green economy. This research offers originality as one of the first systematic reviews addressing Green HRIS in the ESG era, integrating theories such as the Resource-Based View, Technology Acceptance Model, and organizational sustainability theory, while also mapping trends, best practices, and gaps for future research.

The digital transformation of payment systems has become essential for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to improve transaction efficiency and expand market accessibility. This community service program was conducted to introduce and implement the use of QRIS through the Dana Bisnis application for four MSMEs located in the Makam Raja-Raja Imogiri tourism area Yogyakarta : Warung Wahyu, Warmindo Babe, Warung Pecel Bu Yani, and Warung Pecel Bu Elti. Initially, all MSMEs relied solely on cash transactions, leading to difficulties in financial recording and limited access to digital financial services. The program consisted of several stages, including on-site surveys, problem identification, explanation of digital payment benefits, training on QRIS registration and usage, and continuous assistance during the transition process. The results indicate a significant improvement in MSMEs’ understanding of digital payment systems and a gradual shift towards non-cash transactions. Evaluation findings show that approximately 60% of daily transactions were conducted via QRIS, and business owners reported benefits such as simplified bookkeeping, faster payment processing, and enhanced transaction security. This program demonstrates that QRIS-based digital payment systems can be effectively implemented in traditional MSMEs through proper mentoring and hands-on guidance. The initiative also plays a strategic role in promoting financial inclusion and strengthening MSME competitiveness in tourism areas. Continued efforts remain necessary, particularly in enhancing digital literacy and expanding access to supporting technology to ensure equitable adoption of digital payment systems.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Indonesian language development through the learning of standard words and the Enhanced Spelling System (EYD) at MTs Sambongjaya. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques consisting of observation and documentation. The development activities were carried out by applying the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the TGT model was able to improve students’ motivation and understanding of standard word usage and EYD. Students appeared enthusiastic during the learning process, although some still experienced difficulties in reading and applying correct spelling. The TGT model created a competitive yet collaborative environment that enhanced students’ engagement in learning. Despite the challenges, the model proved effective in fostering students’ awareness of the importance of using proper and correct language. It also encouraged them to be more careful in applying EYD rules, which contributed to their language proficiency. The study concludes that Indonesian language development activities through learning standard words and EYD, supported by the TGT model, can significantly enhance students’ language skills and understanding, thus improving their overall language use in educational settings. This approach can serve as a model for similar educational institutions aiming to enhance language proficiency.

In the context of the influence of social media on the learning concentration of Students in the learning concentration if students in the J-PBSI (Indonesia Language and Literature Education Department) at Lambung Mangkurat University, social media is one of the most influential technological products in the lives of students today. Students in J-PBSI at Lambung Mangkurat University are increasingly dependent on various digital platfroms to support their educational processes. Theses applicantions have become essential tools for socializing and sharing information with other students. The influence of social media use on the learning concentration of J-PBSI students shows that many students experience a lack of focus while studying due to the distracting effects of social media. This distraction often reduces students’ ability to contcentrate, which in turn affects their overall to concentrate, which in turn affects their overall learning performance. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interviem techniques conducted with several students from the Indonesia Language and Literature Education Department. The results of the most students use sosial media on a daily basis. High usage of social media tends to decrease learning concentration because students are often distracted by notifications of the urge to open social media while studying. However, there are also J-PBSI students who use social media effectively, utilizing it as an additional learning resource. Thus, the influence of social media is twofold, depending on the intensity and purpose of ir use. This study aims to determine the extent to which social media affects students’ learning concentration. It is also expected to provide a better understanding of how social media influences the learning process. Students are encouraged to use social media wisely and responsibly so that is does not interfere with their focus on studying, but instead supports their academic activities.