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Inovasi sosial dan kewirausahaan sosial telah menjadi strategi utama dalam menciptakan solusi berkelanjutan bagi tantangan sosial dan ekonomi yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh pendekatan bisnis konvensional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Menganalisis inovasi sosial dan perannya dalam kewirausahaan sosial; 2) Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara inovasi sosial dan keberlanjutan UMKM dalam konteks ekonomi berbasis dampak sosial; 3) Menjelaskan faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inovasi sosial berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan daya saing dan ketahanan UMKM melalui penerapan model bisnis berbasis dampak sosial, ekonomi sirkular, serta digitalisasi bisnis. Keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, seperti kepemimpinan yang visioner, strategi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang efektif, serta model bisnis yang adaptif dan inovatif. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal yang berperan mencakup dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, akses terhadap pendanaan berbasis dampak sosial, serta kemitraan strategis dengan sektor swasta dan akademisi. Indikator utama keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial mencakup pengukuran dampak sosial dan ekonomi, keberlanjutan finansial dan operasional, serta efektivitas model bisnis dalam menjangkau masyarakat yang lebih luas. Sebagai implikasi, makalah ini merekomendasikan penguatan kebijakan publik yang mendukung bisnis sosial, peningkatan akses pendanaan berbasis dampak, serta integrasi inovasi sosial dalam strategi pengembangan UMKM. Dengan menciptakan ekosistem yang lebih mendukung bagi kewirausahaan sosial, diharapkan inovasi sosial dapat menjadi pilar utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

This research aims to analyze literature related to solutions for dealing with Human Rights (HAM) violations in the school environment through the implementation of the Human Rights Friendly School (SR-HAM) model. The method used in writing this article is literature study. A Human Rights Friendly School is a school concept that integrates human rights values ​​as a core principle in school management and organization, where human rights values ​​are at the center of the learning process and student experience and are present in all aspects of school life. The SR-HAM concept approach combined with Ki Hadjar Dewantara's educational concept is expected to be able to provide effective solutions in dealing with various human rights problems in schools. Although the concept of Human Rights Friendly Schools initiated by Amnesty International and Ki Hadjar Dewantara conceptually supports the achievement of national education goals, its implementation needs to be carried out correctly and appropriately in order to provide the best results.

Rice plants as a source of food production are really needed by the community. Mentayan Village develops rice fields that use rainwater as a source of irrigation. There is a farmer group in the area known as the Bina Maju farmer group. This farmer group has problems or obstacles in cultivation such as lack of use of fertilizer, rare and high prices of chemical fertilizers and lack of subsidies and fertilizer assistance from the government which can affect the amount of rice produced. This service is carried out with the aim of providing solutions to problems in the Bina Maju farmer group. The solution to the problems faced by this farmer group can be solved by using organic fertilizer. The implementation method for socialization is to explain in detail and clearly about organic fertilizer using the lecture and discussion method between the service team and a demonstration of making organic fertilizer that can be applied to rice plants. Based on the service activities, the results obtained were that the activity participants had understood the material about making organic fertilizer and could then practice it and produce organic fertilizer independently to overcome the shortage of chemical fertilizers in rice plants.

This study aims to analyze language errors found in public media such as banners, posters, and billboards in Medan City. The errors analyzed include morphological, phonological, syntactic, lexical, and spelling mistakes that do not align with the Indonesian Language Spelling System (PUEBI) and the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI). The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through direct observation of public media in various locations in Medan City. The results show that language errors are generally caused by a lack of understanding of correct language rules, limited knowledge, and the use of everyday language mixed with colloquial or regional languages. The proposed solutions to address these issues are providing training for media creators, creating clearer language guidelines, and utilizing language technology for automatic spelling checks. The implications of this study are to raise public awareness about the importance of using proper and accurate Indonesian in public media, to support effective communication, and to avoid miscommunication.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Cloud-Based Accounting Systems (CBAS) are technological innovations that support digital transformation in financial management by increasing efficiency, transparency, and real-time data access. This system helps companies reduce manual recording errors, improve reporting accuracy, and accelerate data-based decision-making processes. In addition, CBAS also has advantages in terms of flexibility of use and compliance with accounting standards, making it a relevant solution for modern companies. Although CBAS offers many benefits, its implementation can also create a perception of technological superiority that does not fully reflect reality if it is not balanced with organizational and human resource readiness. Challenges often faced in implementing CBAS include dependence on cloud services, data security threats, and errors in system input or configuration that can lead to inaccurate financial reports. In addition, overly high expectations for automation can lead to neglect of manual supervision that is still needed to maintain the reliability of financial information. The success of CBAS implementation is highly dependent on a well-designed implementation strategy, adequate user training, and appropriate risk mitigation measures. With careful planning and a strategic approach, CBAS can serve as a tool that increases financial transparency and efficiency, not just a technology trend that provides no real benefits.

OSCE is an exam with an assessment based on the skills (performance) observed when performing various clinical skills. The OSCE procedure is more emphasized on clinical skills that must be mastered by students to take action on their patients. However, unfortunately OSCE is a high enough stressor in causing anxiety. The OSCE has more stressors than other types of exams. This happens because of the large amount of material that must be mastered and the limited duration of the exam. In addition, the atmosphere during the exam, such as the examiner observing the students directly, causes anxiety. Anxiety that arose during the OSCE exam in medical students turned out to have a significant effect. However, there are not many studies that delve deeply into what causes it. So that the solution related to the problem of anxiety cannot be carried out optimally. The objective of this study was to explore the causes and ways to overcome anxiety in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara during the OSCE. This research was conducted from January-July 2022. It was quantitative research with cross-sectional data collection. The research sample was students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara, Class of 2019 (n = 200). Anxiety assessment was determined using the Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HARS) questionnaire, and researchers develop a questionnaire to evaluate the factors that influence students’ anxiety and coping mechanism. A total of 197 out of 200 respondents (98.5%) had anxiety while attending the OSCE. Anxiety was dominated by a mild level of anxiety, about 86 people (43.0%). External factors affect 118 people (59%) and are the factors that dominate the causes of anxiety for students that took part in OSCE. The biggest etiology of anxiety for students who took part in OSCE is the processing time as many as 42 people (21%), too many materials 41 people (20.5%), not focusing/forgetting as many as 39 people (19.5%). OSCE merupakan ujian dengan penilaian berdasarkan keterampilan (performa) yang diobservasi saat melakukan berbagai keterampilan klinik. Prosedur OSCE lebih ditekankan pada keterampilan klinis yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa untuk melakukan tindakan terhadap pasiennya. Namun, sayangnya OSCE merupakan stressor yang cukup tinggi dalam menimbulkan kecemasan. OSCE memiliki stressor yang lebih dibandingkan dengan jenis ujian lainnya. Hal tersebut terjadi karena banyaknya materi yang harus dikuasai serta sempitnya durasi waktu ujian. Selain itu suasana saat ujian, seperti adanya penguji yang mengamati mahasiswa secara langsung, menyebabkan timbulnya kecemasan. Kecemasan yang muncul saat ujian OSCE pada mahasiswa kedokteran ternyata menimbulkan efek yang signifikan. Namun tidak banyak penelitian yang menggali secara mendalam mengenai apa penyebabnya, sehingga solusi terkait permasalahan kecemasan tersebut tidak dapat dilakukan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab dan cara mengatasi kecemasan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara pada saat OSCE. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Juli 2022 dan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan data secara cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Angkatan 2019 (n = 200). Penilaian kecemasan ditentukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HARS) dan kuesioner yang disusun utnuk menilai faktor penyebab dan cara mengatasi kecemasan. Sebanyak 197 dari 200 responden (98,5%) memiliki kecemasan saat mengikuti OSCE. Kecemasan didominasi dengan tingkat kecemasan ringan yaitu 86 orang (43,0%). Faktor eksternal mempengaruhi 118 orang (59%) dan merupakan faktor yang mendominasi penyebab kecemasan mahasiswa yang mengikuti OSCE. Penyebab terbanyak kecemasan mahasiswa yang mengikuti OSCE adalah waktu pengerjaan sebanyak 42 orang (21%), materi ujian terlalu banyak 41 orang (20,5%), tidak ocus/lupa sebanyak 39 orang (19,5%).  

The smoking habit among teenagers has become a serious health issue, with prevalence continually increasing. Smoking at a young age is associated with various health risks, including cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. One of the main contributing factors is peer influence and social environment. To reduce smoking habits, innovative approaches are needed, one of which is using innovative candies as an alternative to cigarettes. This study aims to analyze the potential of innovative candies in reducing smoking habits among teenagers. The method used is qualitative research with a literature review, collecting relevant scientific journal articles. The results indicate that candies such as Xylitol chewing gum, milk candy, cinnamon extract, and Vernonia cinerea extract can effectively reduce the frequency of smoking by providing a similar sensation without the negative effects of nicotine. Additionally, these candy products also have added benefits, such as improving oral and respiratory health. In conclusion, innovative candies can be a creative and effective solution to reduce smoking habits among teenagers, but further research is needed to assess their sustainability and long-term effects.

Limbah dari bengkel mobil berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Bengkel Mobil Pantas belum menerapkan praktik manajemen pengelolaan limbah dengan tepat. Oleh karena itu, sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan wawasan pihak bengkel mobil mengenai pentingnya pengelolaan limbah dengan tepat. Kegiatan ini diawali dengan survei pendahuluan untuk mengetahui permasalahan di lapangan. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perumusan solusi dan implementasi yaitu berupa sosialisasi praktik terbaik manajemen pengelolaan limbah bengkel mobil, jenis-jenis limbah yang dihasilkan, cara pemilahan limbah, serta potensi pemanfaatan kembali limbah. Sosialisasi ini menyasar langsung kepada pengusaha bengkel mobil, baik pemilik maupun pekerja. Hasil survei pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa pihak bengkel masih kurang memahami manajemen pengelolaan limbah. Setelah mengikuti sosialisasi, pengusaha bengkel menunjukkan antusiasme dan komitmen untuk menerapkan praktik pengelolaan limbah yang baik di bisnisnya. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi langkah awal dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih bersih dan sehat.

The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has become one of the most complex issues in global geopolitics, with far-reaching impacts on world security, economy and stability. This research aims to analyze the root causes of conflict, resolution efforts that have been made, as well as the effectiveness of conflict management based on historical and academic approaches. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to explore information from various credible sources. The research results show that this conflict was triggered by the long history of relations between the two countries, especially since the collapse of the Soviet Union, followed by the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and military invasion in 2022. Even though various diplomatic efforts and economic sanctions have been implemented, tensions still continue due to the incompatibility of geopolitical interests between Russia and Western countries. This study highlights the need for a multilateral approach based on international mediation to create sustainable peace. It is hoped that this article can contribute to academic understanding regarding international conflicts and strategies for resolving them.

Saat ini penggemar krupuk di Indonesia cukup lumayan besar dan banyak, krupuk merupakan cemilan yang banyak disukai dimanapun keberadaannya, karena rasa dan tesktur yang dimunculkan cukup enak dan renyah bila di nikmati.  Saat ini petani di Indonesia juga banyak menghasilkan hasil pertanian yang kadang cepat memusuk karena tidak tahan lama, salah satunya adalah cebe dan tomat. Manakala hasil pertanian ini berlimpah maka wajib membuat inovasi dalam proses pengolahannya. Salah satu yang dilakukan adalah mengolah cabe dan tomat di olah menjadi krupuk yang tentunya mempunyai harga jual yang lumayan bila dilakukan kontinyu dan dipasarkan oleh UMKM secara kontinyu. Tujuan; adalah untuk mengurangi limbah dari cabe dan tomat, sehingga bisa menjadi inovasi baru bagi UMKM. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk tercapainya tujuan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah dengan metode langsung peraktek pembuatan krupuk dari bahan baku cabe dan tomat, kemudian dilakukan tanya jawab kelebihan dan kekurangan pada saat pembuatan krupuk tersebut,  dan Pemberikan materi, Peraktek langsung pembuatan krupuk / Partisipasi UMKM dalam praktek, Pendampingan dalam pembuatan krupuk yang dilakukan oleh dosen-dosen, Kegiatan dan solusi dalam penyelesakan masalah, Luaran yang dihasilkan (Laporan hasil Pengabdian).

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have the potential to generate new jobs, offer diverse economic services to society, and contribute to accelerating national growth and stability. Of course, MSMEs are a very important sector of the national economy that can affect the lives of people in general.One of the objectives of this research is to find solutions to the problems found in the business information system of Dim Sumeya MSMEs in Pangandaran. Furthermore, data collection techniques are applied through observation and interview stages. This study was carried out by applying descriptive qualitative techniques which include analysis, summary of phenomena, as well as direct depiction of phenomena from data obtained through observations and interviews. The study collected information through interviews with the owner of Dim Sumeya. The results indicated that Dim Sumeya has not maximised its digital financial transaction recording and still does it manually. As a result, the author recommends the use of the BukuWarung application. Through this application, Dim Sumeya can support their micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the management of the financial system, thus minimising the risks associated with using the application.

Rapid urbanization has led to an increased demand for food in urban areas. At the same time, land limitations and dependence on external supplies pose significant challenges to food security. Urban agriculture is an innovative solution for producing local food using limited land and modern agricultural techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, vertical farming, and rooftop gardens. This approach allows urban agriculture to be more resource-efficient, reduces distribution costs, and minimizes its environmental impact by lowering its carbon footprint. In addition to environmental benefits, urban agriculture also brings social and economic benefits by raising awareness of food sustainability, creating new business opportunities, and enhancing food independence in urban communities. This research uses a literature review method to examine various articles discussing the development, obstacles, and implementation of urban agriculture in different countries. The results show that urban agriculture makes an important contribution to improving food security while also providing a sustainable alternative for the global food system. Therefore, promoting the growth of urban agriculture from the perspective of sustainable food security requires support from government institutions, the private sector, and local communities.

Sharia cooperatives are Sharia-based economic institutions that play a strategic role in empowering the economy of the Muslim community. By adhering to principles such as the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), as well as implementing profit-sharing systems (mudharabah or musharakah), Sharia cooperatives provide a fair, transparent, and inclusive alternative to support economic activities in society. These cooperatives aim not only to achieve financial gains but also to fulfill social missions, such as poverty alleviation, equitable welfare distribution, and holistic improvement of the community’s quality of life. Various products and services offered—such as Sharia savings, halal financing, and Sharia-compliant investments—provide financial solutions that align with Islamic values and meet societal needs. Nevertheless, the implementation of Sharia cooperatives faces several challenges, including limited public understanding, competition with conventional financial institutions, and constraints in human resources and capital. Through public education, capacity building for cooperative managers, and comprehensive government policy support, Sharia cooperatives hold great potential to become a key instrument in fostering a more just, equitable, and sustainable economy. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating Sharia values into cooperative management to ensure its contribution to the sustained welfare of the community.

Due to the continuously increasing volume, the difficulty in distinguishing types of waste, and the heightened public awareness of environmental cleanliness, waste is the result of activities that are no longer used in the production process, so stakeholders must have the ability to manage waste effectively. One of the current problems is trash bins; the trash bins currently in use are only designed to transport waste materials without any other purpose.

Perizinan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal, terutama di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Meskipun sistem perizinan telah disederhanakan dengan adanya kebijakan Online Single Submission (OSS), implementasi perizinan UMKM di Kabupaten Sukoharjo masih menghadapi berbagai kendala yuridis yang menghambat efektivitasnya. Kendala tersebut antara lain berupa tumpang tindih regulasi dan kurangnya pemahaman hukum di kalangan pelaku UMKM mengenai pentingnya izin usaha. Tujuannya untuk menganalisis implementasi perizinan UMKM di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dari perspektif yuridis, serta mengidentifikasi kendala dan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa penyederhanaan regulasi, edukasi hukum, dan peningkatan kapasitas layanan perizinan menjadi solusi yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas perizinan UMKM di daerah tersebut.

This study aims to develop a Learning Management System (LMS) for kepalangmerahan management education in the Indonesian Red Cross Youth at SMK Wiworotomo Purwokerto The methodology employed is the Knowledge Management System Life Cycle (KMSLC) with the Meyer and Zack cycle approach, along with the spiral knowledge model by Nonaka and Takeuchi. Network infrastructure involves the internet, wireless access points, and private internet networks. Hardware and software include android devices with browser applications. Resource and data identification is carried out through discussions, interviews, and data entry, utilizing sources from PMR trainers, the Indonesian Red Cross website, and scholarly literature. The Knowledge Management (KM) team consists of PMR trainers, LMS developers, administrators, and PMR members. The system is implemented using WordPress and the TutorLMS plugin, with verification and validation testing conducted through black box testing. The research results demonstrate the successful development of the kepalangmerahan management education LMS in PMR SMK Wiworotomo Purwokerto, with a specific focus on disaster management education materials. This study contributes to improving effective learning access within PMR.

This paper discusses the challenges and ethical solutions in the practice of da'wah through digital media. In the rapidly developing digital era, platforms such as social media, blogs, and video sites provide unprecedented opportunities for Islamic da'wah to reach a global audience. However, the ease of dissemination of information also poses significant challenges, such as the spread of inaccurate information, negative or provocative content, and violations of regulations. This paper discusses these challenges and suggests solutions, including education and training for da'wah (preachers), the use of trusted platforms, collaboration with communication experts, and the development of digital da'wah ethics guidelines. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach that aims to understand and describe the phenomenon of da'wah ethics in digital media in depth. Literature study is used as a data collection technique to explore the principles of da'wah ethics, the challenges faced by da'is in digital media, and the solutions proposed by communication and religious experts. This methodology allows researchers to gain a rich and holistic understanding of the challenges of digital da'wah ethics and their relevance in the context of modern communication. This study analyzes the impact of digital media on da'wah practices, with an emphasis on ethical considerations in content creation and interaction. It is concluded that da'wah in the digital era requires a careful and ethical approach to maintain the integrity and credibility of Islamic teachings while understanding the complexity of digital communication.

Every day we often hear pornographic news in the mass media, social media, TV, etc. Moreover, with the existence of Android phones, it is easy to access pornographic things, especially among teenagers. That is why there are many cases of fornication, rape due to the release of the consequences of what they watch. It is inevitable that this does not happen because it has been facilitated by cellphones for every teenager. Those who are not yet old enough to know about sex according to their age, make it too early to learn about sex. Teenagers spend more time with cellphones so that they forget to do their work because they are so engrossed. That is why, in this case, parents need to accompany their children in using gadgets so that they can be controlled later in using their Android phones. We hear and see day by day, cases of sexual harassment occur and are increasing regardless of the place whether it is at home, school, public facilities, even in places that are considered sacred. We can see when we watch TV, underage children are the victims of pornography. Not a few have to deal with the police and end up being looted. Pornographic acts are also clearly shown without wearing clothes. There is no longer a sense of shame and reluctance to show off one's body aura to the media for the sake of a morsel of food that must be risked. No thought is given to the negative impacts of all this. By watching freely, the morals of the young generation are damaged, of course the targets are children, teenagers who are still fragile in their stance. They are still easily tempted by things that smell of porn. Several years ago, the government blocked porn sites but the fact that we see is that there are still those who can access them. We do not know what caused why they can still be accessed easily. Is the government not serious enough in handling this problem? Or is it because of someone's skill in fiddling with how to find the site? We leave that question. Now the most important thing is to fortify ourselves with faith in God, for parents, accompany your children in using Android, provide positive activities at home, etc.