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The National Health Insurance Program (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or JKN) is a government initiative aimed at ensuring equitable, accessible, and affordable healthcare services for all Indonesian citizens. Since its implementation in 2014, the program has covered more than 90% of the population; however, several challenges remain, particularly concerning the quality of services at primary healthcare facilities such as community health centers (puskesmas). This study aims to analyze the quality of JKN services at the Cengkareng Public Health Center, West Jakarta, using the five dimensions of service quality proposed by Parasuraman: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis involving healthcare workers and JKN patients. The findings indicate that the overall service quality at Puskesmas Cengkareng remains suboptimal. The tangibles and assurance dimensions are relatively good, while reliability, responsiveness, and empathy are still lacking. Major complaints include long waiting times, poor doctor–patient communication, and unfriendly staff attitudes. These findings highlight the need for improving human resource professionalism, strengthening service management systems, and conducting periodic evaluations to enhance the overall quality and patient satisfaction among JKN participants.  

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of the Travel Document Section at Tanjung Perak Immigration Office within the framework of Public Administration. Employing a qualitative, case-study approach, the research investigates the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of immigration services, emphasising the application of New Public Management (NPM) principles and Good Governance practices. The findings reveal that while technological innovations such as digital systems (M-Passport and SIMKIM) have successfully improved operational efficiency and reduced physical queues, challenges persist regarding procedural transparency, accountability, and system reliability. Human errors and inconsistent discretion in handling complex documents highlight the need for enhanced capacity building and resource allocation. Moreover, issues of bureaucratic transparency and integrity undermine public trust, underscoring the importance of strengthening internal controls and communication strategies. The study also underscores that service quality is multidimensional, encompassing physical facilities, interpersonal professionalism, and procedural clarity, all of which influence public satisfaction. Despite improvements, the gap between technological efficiency and service effectiveness suggests that further efforts are needed to integrate digital innovations with robust procedural protocols. The research concludes that sustainable performance improvement requires a balanced focus on technological, human, and systemic factors, fostering a culture of transparency, accountability, and continuous development. These insights offer valuable policy recommendations to enhance the robustness and responsiveness of immigration services, ultimately strengthening the legitimacy and trust of government institutions in delivering public services.

The limited number of studies examining organizational communication patterns within technical government institutions a research gap, particularly in understanding how communication mechanisms are implemented by public relations units in technical based governmental organizations. This research aims to identify the communication patterns applied by the Public Relations Unit of the Geological Survey Center (PSG) in Bandung, as well as the supporting factors and challenges encountered in its implementations. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach wih data collected through interviews, observations, and literature review. The findings reveal that the organizational communication pattern operates in multiple directions using both formal communication channels, such as official letters and scheduled meetings through the Nadine system, and informal channels, including face-to-face interactions and digital messaging through WhatsApp. Supporting factors in the communication process include leadership support, a well-defined organizational structure, a collaborative work culture, and the availability of adequate communication facilities and media. However, several constraints remain, including technical and non-tehcnical challenges such as varying work priorities, inconsistents responses times, and unstable network connectivity during field activities.

This research was conducted based on the importance of the image of educational institutions in gaining public trust, making the role of Public Relations (PR) as a public communication manager highly essential. MTs Fathur Rahman Sukorambi Jember was chosen as the research site because the institution is currently striving to enhance its positive image through the optimization of media and sustainable publicity strategies. The aim of this study is to describe the role of PR in building the image of the madrasah, as well as to analyze the communication strategies employed, the forms of publicity implemented, and the challenges faced in its execution.This research applies a qualitative approach with a field research design. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, involving parties considered relevant and knowledgeable about public relations activities, such as the head of the madrasah, PR staff, teachers, students, and parents’ representatives. Data were collected through observations of madrasah activities, in-depth interviews, and documentation in the form of archives and published media. The data were analyzed descriptively, emphasizing the researcher’s interpretation of communication patterns, publicity strategies, and their impact on public perception of the madrasah’s image.The findings reveal that PR functions as a communicator, mediator, and builder of a positive madrasah image. The use of conventional media and digital platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp Groups has proven effective in reaching a wider community and enhancing public interaction. Documentation of academic and non-academic activities also strengthens the legitimacy of the institution’s achievements. The main obstacles encountered include limited human resources, technological facilities, and consistency in information management. Nevertheless, overall, the role of PR has been proven significant in improving the positive image of MTs Fathur Rahman Sukorambi Jember.

This study analyses the challenges of digitalising registration services at Primary Healthcare Facilities (Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama, FKTP) in East Java, including limitations in human resources, technological infrastructure, and public digital literacy, all of which affect the satisfaction of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) patients. Utilising the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology with the PRISMA approach, the study reviews literature from 2024–2025 sourced from databases such as Google Scholar, using keywords related to digitalisation, FKTP, and patient satisfaction. The analysis is based on the ADO (Antecedent, Decision, Outcome) framework. The findings identify three key factors: (1) Antecedents (human resource competence, infrastructure, digital literacy); (2) Decisions (human resource training, facility modernisation, public outreach); and (3) Outcomes (increased patient satisfaction through time efficiency and ease of access). The study emphasises the need to strengthen human resources, provide adequate infrastructure, and educate the public to ensure the sustainability of digital healthcare services at FKTPs in East Java.

This study aims to analyze the optimization of sports equipment procurement in relation to improving the quality of public services in the sports sector in Gelora Tomo, Surabaya City. This study uses the SERVQUAL theoretical approach (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry, 1988) which includes five main dimensions, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The research method used was qualitative-quantitative descriptive with data collection through field observation, documentation, and surveys of 150 respondents who used sports facilities. The results of the study showed that the level of optimization of sports equipment procurement was in the category of quite optimal with an average score of 3.49, while the quality of public services increased to 3.68 (good category). The highest improvement occurred in the tangibles and reliability dimensions, while the empathy dimension still needs to be strengthened through public participation and user-based needs evaluation. Theoretically, these results confirm the relevance of the SERVQUAL model in measuring the quality of public services in the sports sector. Optimizing the procurement of effective, transparent, and needs-oriented equipment has proven to be a key determinant in building inclusive, professional, and sustainable sports public services.

Transportation development is a key foundation for increasing economic growth, regional connectivity, and the quality of public services. In Southeast Sulawesi, Governor Andi Sumangerukka's vision of "Advanced, Safe, Prosperous, and Religious" demands a transportation transformation that focuses not only on physical development but also on governance, technology, sustainability, and the socio-cultural values ​​of the community. This article presents a critical review of this vision and mission by examining the readiness of the transportation sector, the role of the Provincial Transportation Agency, the opportunities and challenges of transformation, and policy recommendations. This study employed a qualitative approach. The research activities were conducted at several transportation infrastructure facilities under the jurisdiction of the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Transportation Agency for two months, from September to October 2025. The study shows that although the development direction reflects the strategic needs of the archipelago, significant challenges remain, such as inter-island connectivity, gaps in transportation services, data digitization, and a culture of safety. Pentahelix-based, ecological, and technology-based transportation reforms are key to achieving the regional development vision.

Murder committed by children presents a dilemma in the criminal justice system, as it must balance the enforcement of justice with the protection of children's rights. This article examines the problematic nature of juvenile criminal liability in murder by comparing the perpetrator's legal approach to that of adults. Normative juridical research methods are used to explain legal provisions, court decisions, and related doctrines. The results indicate that juvenile offenders are not solely focused on their culpability but also on the child's psychological capabilities, maturity level, and social circumstances. Meanwhile, adult offenders are held fully accountable, with a focus on punishment. The main challenges are the difficulty of proving intent and the need for special mechanisms for handling juvenile offenders of serious crimes. This study provides for strengthening the capacity of law enforcement, improving child rehabilitation facilities, optimizing diversion mechanisms, and educating the public to support humane and proportional protection and enforcement of justice.

The community assistance program in understanding BPJS administrative procedures at healthcare facilities aims to improve health literacy and service accessibility for participants of the National Health Insurance (JKN). Many citizens, particularly in rural areas, still face challenges in understanding BPJS registration, referral, and service claim procedures. This activity was carried out through a community-based participatory approach using socialization, service flow simulations, and direct mentoring at healthcare facilities. The results show a significant increase in public understanding of BPJS administrative stages, improved ability to access services independently, and higher satisfaction with healthcare services. The program also strengthened collaboration between communities, health cadres, and BPJS officers in facilitating administrative processes. Therefore, this initiative contributes to improving service efficiency and promoting equitable access to healthcare for all community groups.

Handwashing with Soap (CTPS) is the activity of cleaning hands using clean, running water and soap to remove dirt, oil, and various germs such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites that may cling to the skin. As one of the most effective, simplest, and most affordable methods of preventing infectious diseases, CTPS is highly important to practice consistently, especially among students at Public Elementary School 283 located in Waitomu Hamlet, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. However, observations indicate that after school activities or playtime, several students still show reluctance to wash their hands, which may be influenced by low awareness, limited understanding of hygiene, insufficient supervision, or the absence of strong daily habits related to cleanliness. This issue reflects the need for more structured hygiene education, continuous reminders, and interactive learning methods to instill good handwashing habits. In addition, improving supporting facilities—such as accessible handwashing stations, adequate soap supply, and visual posters—can motivate students to practice CTPS more regularly. Strengthening CTPS awareness and habits is expected to reduce the risk of disease transmission, foster a healthier school environment, and encourage students to adopt lifelong hygiene practices that benefit both their personal well-being and the wider community.

Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women in Indonesia. Early detection through Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is an effective and feasible screening method at the primary health care level. However, the coverage of VIA screening among women of reproductive age (WRA) remains low. Knowledge is considered an important predisposing factor that may influence women’s motivation to undergo VIA screening. This study aimed to analyze the association between cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening among women of reproductive age. This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 105 women of reproductive age were recruited using consecutive sampling at the Payangan Community Health Center, Gianyar Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected using validated and reliable structured questionnaires measuring cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening. Univariate analysis was performed to describe respondent characteristics, while bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was applied to examine the association between knowledge and motivation at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that 61.9% of respondents had good knowledge of cervical cancer, while 52.4% demonstrated low motivation to undergo VIA screening. A statistically significant association was found between cervical cancer knowledge and motivation to undergo VIA screening (p = 0.043). Women with higher levels of knowledge tended to have greater motivation to participate in VIA screening. In conclusion, cervical cancer knowledge is significantly associated with motivation to undergo VIA screening among women of reproductive age. These findings suggest that strengthening health education interventions at primary health care facilities is essential to enhance motivation and increase participation in early cervical cancer detection programs.

This study explores the implementation of e-Government within the context of Bawaslu (Election Supervisory Agency) and its impact on governance and public trust. The results reveal that, from the support aspect, the success of e-Government implementation is largely driven by the commitment of leadership, which provides essential policies, human resources (HR) training, and technological facilities. However, challenges remain in terms of limited infrastructure and budget constraints at the district and city levels. Regarding the capacity aspect, Bawaslu already possesses competent HR, particularly among the younger generation, and adequate infrastructure. Nevertheless, there is still a need for improvement in the distribution of employee capabilities through continuous training and mentoring. Lastly, from the value perspective, e-Government has proven to deliver tangible benefits, such as increased efficiency, transparency, accountability, and an enhanced public trust in the institution. However, further efforts are required in areas such as system socialization, maintenance, and data security to maximize these benefits. This research highlights the importance of continuous development in both human and technological resources to ensure the optimal success of e-Government initiatives in enhancing governance and service delivery.

Efficient and integrated public transportation services are a strategic need in sustainable urban development. The Surabaya City Government through the Transportation Department initiated the Wira-Wiri Feeder service on the Bratang-Pasar Turi route (FD07) as a feeder mode that connects densely active areas in the east and west of the city. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and performance of FD07 services using the public policy evaluation framework of William N. Dunn (2003) which includes the dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, justice, responsiveness, and policy accuracy. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of FD07 services has been running according to operational procedures with an average of 651 passengers per day, supported by field supervision and the Surabaya Integrated Urban Transport System (SIUTS) digital system. However, there are still obstacles in the form of limited fleet numbers, non-professional drivers, limitations of senior mechanics, and inadequate system development budgets. Dunn's six-dimensional evaluation shows that the effectiveness and efficiency of the service are in the medium category, with the main challenges being the accuracy of schedules and the accessibility of bus stop facilities for people with disabilities. This study concludes that improving the quality of human resources, adding fleets, strengthening digital systems, and massive public socialization are strategic steps to realize effective, inclusive, and sustainable feeder services in the city of Surabaya.

This study examines the effectiveness of law enforcement regarding violations of Article 287 paragraph (2) of Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation, particularly concerning red-light violations (APILL). Although the legal provisions are clearly formulated, practical implementation reveals a gap between the normative expectations (das Sollen) and actual conditions (das Sein). This research employs a normative juridical method supported by secondary empirical data, analyzed through Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory and Satjipto Rahardjo’s theory of law enforcement. The findings show that the effectiveness of enforcing red-light regulations is influenced by structural aspects of law enforcement agencies, the community’s weak legal culture, and supporting facilities such as the uneven distribution of ETLE systems. The study concludes that the enforcement of Article 287 paragraph (2) remains suboptimal, and therefore requires strengthening ETLE infrastructure, improving officer professionalism, reassessing the proportionality of sanctions, and enhancing public legal education to increase traffic compliance.

This study aims to analyze the impact of facilities, security, and services of the Syahbandar office on the satisfaction of fishermen at the Pantai Fishing Port (PPP) Tegalsari, Tegal City. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an associative model, where data is collected through a questionnaire distributed to 100 fishermen operating at PPP Tegalsari. Data analysis is performed using SPSS version 26 with validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that, simultaneously, the variables of facilities, security, and services have a positive and significant impact on fishermen’s satisfaction. Partially, the service variable has the most dominant influence on fishermen’s satisfaction compared to the facilities and security variables. This indicates that improving the quality of services at the Syahbandar office, providing adequate port facilities, and ensuring security at the port are key factors in creating fishermen’s satisfaction. This study is expected to provide input for port managers to enhance public service quality in the fisheries sector and promote policies that better address the needs and comfort of fishermen in their activities at the port.

Law enforcement against narcotics crimes in Indonesia faces various complex problems, both from legal aspects, institutional structure, and community legal culture. Even though Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics has been enacted, the circulation and abuse of narcotics is still increasing every year. This study aims to analyze problems in law enforcement against perpetrators of narcotics crimes and identify the factors that affect them. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative approach and a case approach. The results of the study show that the main obstacles lie in the lack of coordination between law enforcement agencies, weak integrity of the apparatus, overlapping regulations, and low public legal awareness. In addition, the limitation of supporting facilities and infrastructure such as rehabilitation facilities, forensic laboratories, and early detection technology also hinders the effectiveness of case handling. The high modus operandi of increasingly sophisticated narcotics networks is also a challenge for the authorities. Therefore, strengthening regulations, increasing the capacity of human resources, utilizing modern technology, and more intensive collaboration between agencies need to be optimized as a comprehensive effort to strengthen the effectiveness of law enforcement in the narcotics sector.

. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy of the Serang City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Agency (DPMPTSP) in providing public services to the community, as well as identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, while secondary data were collected from literature, regulations, and related official sources. The focus of the study is directed at the application of the two-way symmetrical communication theory that emphasizes interactive dialogue, feedback acceptance, communication equality, and active community participation. The results show that the Serang City DPMPTSP implements various communication strategies, including delivering information face-to-face and digitally (website, social media, and SKM barcodes), providing complaint channels, and involving the community in service evaluation. Supporting factors include the availability of service facilities, competent human resources, and information technology support. Inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy in the community, technical system obstacles, and differences in the level of public understanding of service procedures.

This study aims to determine the role of public relations in the socialization of the functions and duties of the high state institution, DPD RI, and to identify the obstacles faced by public relations in this process. This research also examines the use of media and facilities for socializing the tagline "From the Regions for Indonesia" on the 16th anniversary of the DPD RI. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, the findings show that public relations plays six key roles: 1) Communicator, bridging two-way communication between the government and the community; 2) Facilitator, absorbing community aspirations and acting as a liaison with policymakers; 3) Disseminator, disseminating information on government policies and activities to both internal and external audiences; 4) Catalyst, influencing public opinion to align with government policies; 5) Counselor, Advisor, and Interpreter, providing advice, translating government policies, and building public trust; and 6) Prescriber, serving as a strategic advisor to leaders in decision-making.

Waste management in Indonesia continues to face serious challenges, with waste generation reaching around 68 million tonnes per year, while the traditional landfill-based approach has become increasingly ineffective and unsustainable. This study aims to: (1) analyse the policy strategies of local government in implementing Integrated Waste Treatment Facilities (IWTFs) in Sidoarjo Regency; (2) identify the key success factors of the IWTF programme; (3) evaluate its impact on waste reduction and community participation; and (4) propose an effective governance model that can serve as best practice for other regions. Using a qualitative single case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with local government officials, IWTF managers, and community leaders, as well as field observations at five IWTF sites and a review of relevant policy documents. Thematic analysis was applied within the framework of policy implementation and collaborative governance theories. The results show that IWTF success in Sidoarjo was driven by four main factors: strong political commitment supported by adequate budget allocation, a collaborative partnership between government, community, and private sector, community empowerment through economic incentives via waste banks, and a structured monitoring–evaluation system. The IWTF programme has reduced landfill waste by 35%, increased public waste-sorting participation from 20% to 68%, and generated IDR 2.4 billion annually from recycling activities. Overall, Sidoarjo’s IWTF initiative demonstrates that sustainable waste management can be achieved through decentralized, participatory, and collaborative governance backed by consistent policy and institutional capacity.

Effective waste management is a crucial challenge in maintaining environmental cleanliness and sustainability, especially in rural areas. This study aims to analyze the development of waste banks as a sustainable waste management solution in Jl Sosro GG 1001 Village. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through field observations, in-depth interviews with residents and waste bank managers, and documentation of activities. The results of the study show that the existence of waste banks is able to increase public awareness in sorting and managing household waste. In addition, the social and economic impacts caused are quite significant, such as the formation of work groups, increased additional income, and strengthening the value of mutual cooperation. However, there are a number of challenges that hinder program optimization, including limited operational facilities, lack of continuity of community participation, and lack of technical support from local governments. To overcome this, a capacity building strategy is needed through continuous training, provision of supporting facilities, and cross-sector collaboration. The waste bank in Jl Sosro GG 1001 Village has great potential to be used as a model of sustainable community-based waste management, if supported by a joint commitment between residents, the government, and other stakeholders.