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This study aims to describe the psychological elements of the character Kinan based on the id, ego and superego in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy asf, to describe the form of psychological problems in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf, and to describe the form of conflict defense mechanisms in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf. The research used a qualitative approach. While the method used is the content analysis method. The source of funds in this study is the text of the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf published by RDM Publisher in 2020, the first printing. The data collection technique is a written documentation technique. The data analysis technique is a qualitative descriptive technique. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Psychological elements of the Kinan character were found based on the id, ego and superego, namely there is an uncomfortable id, a pain id and an unfulfilled need id, there is an angry ego in the Kinan character and there is that there a high personal standard superego, (2) It was found were 5 psychological problems in the Kinan character, including: mood disorders based on subjective feelings consisting of feelings of sadness, anger and disappointment, there were anxiety disorders, stress disorders, somatoform disorders and personality disorders including: adventitious, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic and narcissistic.

Psychological assessment in guidance and counseling (GC) plays a vital role in understanding students holistically. However, its implementation in schools often faces ethical and legal challenges, particularly concerning the authority and competence of school counselors. This article examines the ethical representation of psychological assessments conducted by GC teachers through a literature review. Findings reveal that many practices exceed legal boundaries and highlight the need for professional collaboration, assessment training, and ethical literacy. Ethical assessment is not merely procedural compliance, but a form of professional responsibility to protect students’ rights and ensure accurate and safe services.  

Psychological assessment plays a crucial role in guidance and counseling by providing a deeper understanding of an individual’s psychological state however, it must be conducted in accordance with professional ethical standardsto protect the rights and dignity of clients. This article explores core ethical principles in psychological asseeement-such as informed consent, confindentiality, profesional competence, and the appropriate use of valid instruments. Based on recent literature, this paper highlights thataderece to ethical assessmens the counselor-client relationship and enhances psychological intervention outcomes.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

Psychological assessment is an important component of guidance and counseling services as it supports counselors' understanding of learners' psychological conditions, potentials, and problems. This article aims to explain the role of assessment in understanding clients, identify the types of assessments commonly used, and emphasize the importance of understanding assessment as a counselor's professional competence. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies from relevant journals. The results of the discussion show that assessments, both test and non-test, can provide comprehensive information that assists counselors in designing effective interventions. Understanding assessment also encourages counselors to act professionally and ethically in the service process. Thus, assessment is not just a measuring tool, but an important foundation in holistic and strategic counseling practice.

Konsep nafs dalam Al-Qur’an memiliki peran signifikan dalam memahami struktur kejiwaan dan spiritualitas manusia. Dalam psikologi Islam, nafs sering dikaitkan dengan dinamika batiniah yang memengaruhi perilaku dan pembentukan karakter seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an melalui pendekatan semantik dan mengaitkannya dengan dimensi psikologis serta spiritual dalam proses pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Analisis semantik dilakukan terhadap ayat-ayat yang mengandung kata nafs, kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan konteks linguistik dan teologisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa dimensi, seperti nafs ammarah (jiwa yang memerintah pada kejahatan), nafs lawwamah (jiwa yang mencela), dan nafs mutma’innah (jiwa yang tenang). Ketiga dimensi ini mencerminkan perjalanan spiritual dan psikologis manusia menuju penyempurnaan diri. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan tafsir tematik Al-Qur’an, serta memperkaya khazanah psikologi Islam dalam kerangka pembentukan karakter yang holistik dan transendental.

This article discusses the important role of guidance and counseling in supporting the development of students through ethical and professional psychological assessments. Guidance and counseling aim to help individuals develop their potential, overcome problems, and improve their quality of life. Psychological assessment becomes a crucial component in this process, requiring attention to ethical aspects, confidentiality, and the competence of the counselor. The use of psychological tests must adhere to the ethical codes established by professional associations, such as ABKIN and HIMPSI, to ensure that counselors possess adequate skills in using assessment instruments. This article also identifies challenges in maintaining objectivity in assessments, such as subjective bias and environmental pressure, and offers effective solutions, including professional training and team collaboration. By applying ethical principles and competencies, guidance and counseling can provide quality services, protect the rights and welfare of students, and contribute to the development of individuals and society as a whole.

This study discusses the importance of Guidance and Counseling (BK) activities in schools, which must be carried out by competent BK teachers or counselors. Referring to the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 111 of 2014, the presence of trained BK teachers is vital in helping students overcome academic and emotional challenges. This research aims to explore the practices of BK teachers in maintaining the confidentiality and objectivity of psychological assessment results, as well as to identify the obstacles they face. The method used is qualitative research through literature review, with data collection conducted purposively and using snowball techniques. The results indicate that ethical principles such as confidentiality, voluntariness, and openness are applied by BK teachers at school, creating a safe environment for students. However, BK teachers with non-BK educational backgrounds still have limited understanding of the code of ethics. These findings emphasize the need for enhancing BK teachers' competencies to provide more effective services in shaping students' ethics and morals and supporting their character development.

This article aims to explore ways to optimize counseling services through the utilization of psychological assessments. Psychological assessments are essential tools that can assist counselors in understanding the characteristics, needs, and issues faced by clients. By employing various valid and reliable assessment instruments, counselors can more accurately identify problems and design more effective interventions. Research indicates that appropriate assessments not only enhance the effectiveness of therapy but also expedite the recovery process for clients. Additionally, this article discusses the challenges faced in the implementation of psychological assessments in Indonesia, such as the lack of training for counselors and limited access to quality assessment tools. Recommendations for improving psychological assessment practices in counseling services are also presented, including the need for ongoing training for counselors and the development of assessment tools that are culturally relevant to the Indonesian context. Thus, the optimal utilization of psychological assessments is expected to improve the quality of counseling services and support the psychological well-being of individuals.

Psychological assessment is an important part of guidance and counseling services because it helps counselors understand the conditions and needs of their clients more accurately. However, its implementation must adhere to ethical principles, such as maintaining confidentiality and being objective in assessment. This article aims to discuss the importance of ethics in the psychological assessment process, particularly in the context of guidance and counseling services in schools. Using a literature review method, this article examines various literature related to ethical codes, assessment principles, and challenges frequently faced by counselors. The findings indicate that counselors must understand the boundaries of their authority in using assessment tools, maintain the confidentiality of clients' data, and continuously develop their professional competencies. By applying appropriate ethics, assessments can be conducted fairly, accurately, and maintain clients' trust in counseling services.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Keke in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan using the literary psychology approach developed by Sigmund Freud. The main focus of this study lies in the main aspects of personality possessed by humans that have been stated in the psychoanalytic theory approach of Sigmund Freud. These three approaches include the idea of ego and super ego, which in it represent the basic structure in the development of human personality. The results of this analysis indicate that the character Keke has a strong ID which is reflected through the instinctive drive to survive and avoid the suffering that comes from the cancer he has. The aspect of the elder brother's ego is seen from his rational attitude in facing the reality of life, such as in his decision to continue going to school and undergoing chemotherapy for his recovery. While the last aspect, namely the super ego, is stated to be more prominent than other aspects, the super ego aspect possessed by Keke stands out in the form of moral toughness, religious values and social responsibility, for example when he tells his family not to be sad and not to sacrifice all his wealth for the treatment of his illness. These three aspects of personality interact with each other and form a balanced personality between each other even though they are in a bad condition. Through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud, the character of Keke in the novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan, the character of Keke is stated as a character who can inspire and has very high moral values. The analysis of this novel also proves that the psychoanalytic theory owned by Sigmund Freud is very effective in exploring the inner depths of a character and can understand the emotional and spiritual complexity in dealing with the suffering felt by a character in his story.

This article discusses the importance of ethics in psychological assessment, particularly within the context of guidance and counseling, focusing on strategies to maintain confidentiality and objectivity. Confidentiality is a fundamental principle that must be upheld by counselors and psychologists to protect clients’ rights and privacy, as well as to build trust in the professional relationship. Strategies include transparent explanations of confidentiality limits, the use of informed consent, and the implementation of data security technologies such as encryption and role-based access restrictions. Furthermore, objectivity in assessment is maintained through the use of valid and reliable instruments and unbiased approaches to ensure accurate and fair results. By consistently applying ethical principles, the assessment process can provide optimal benefits to clients and uphold the integrity of the guidance and counseling profession.

Psychological assessment is a crucial component in the practice of guidance and counseling, because it provides an objective foundation for counselors in understanding psychological, emotional, and behavioral conditions. Through the assessment process, counselors can identify client problems more accurately, and design interventions that are appropriate to the client's needs. the article comprehensively discusses psychological assessments in supporting the counseling process, types of assessments that are often used in counseling practice, such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and psychometric tests, such as personality tests, intelligence tests, and depression scales. the selection of assessment tools that can be adjusted to the goals and characteristics of the client, can accelerate guidance and counseling to be more focused and meaningful.

Psychological assessment in the context of guidance and counseling is a crucial process for understanding the client's condition, potential, and needs comprehensively. However, in its implementation, ethical aspects become the main foundation that cannot be overlooked, particularly confidentiality and objectivity. This article aims to thoroughly examine the ethical principles in the implementation of psychological assessments, focusing on two main aspects: (1) how to maintain the confidentiality of client assessment results to prevent misuse of the obtained information and protect individual privacy, and (2) identifying the challenges faced by counselors in maintaining the objectivity of assessments and formulating practical solutions to address them. This research method employs a literature review approach and focuses on two key roles of the above concepts.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

This study discusses the effectiveness of digital counseling services as a form of psychological intervention in reducing political anxiety among urban Indonesians in the post-truth era. This era is characterized by the massive spread of information that is often misleading and triggers public uncertainty and unrest, especially before and during political processes such as elections. Using a qualitative approach with case study methods and in-depth interviews, this study explores the experiences of urban individuals who participate in digital counseling services. The results show that digital counseling is able to provide a reflective and supportive space for individuals to understand and manage their emotions and political perceptions in a healthier way. This intervention has been shown to strengthen psychological resilience, reduce levels of political anxiety, and increase media literacy and critical awareness of urban communities towards national political dynamics. These findings recommend the integration of digital mental health services into psycho-political impact mitigation strategies in the digital era.

Psychological assessment is a crucial component in guidance and counseling because it supports counselors to understand the client's condition comprehensively. This article reviews the role of psychological assessment in helping the process of identifying problems, selecting appropriate intervention strategies, and evaluating service progress. It also presents an in-depth discussion of the main theories, types of assessments that are often used, and an analysis of their strengths and limitations. Through a literature review based on the latest academic journals and case studies, this article is expected to provide practical and theoretical guidance for counselors to optimize their services.

Ethics play an important role in the Psychological Assessment process in the realm of Guidance and Counseling, especially in maintaining the rights and welfare of clients. This article highlights two main ethical aspects, namely protecting the confidentiality of assessment results and efforts to maintain objectivity in its implementation. This study uses a literature study approach with a descriptive-qualitative analysis method. Information was collected from various scientific references such as books, journals, and professional guidelines, then analyzed to formulate relevant ethical principles and strategies for implementing them in assessment practice. The findings show that maintaining confidentiality requires a clear understanding of client rights, information boundaries, and secure data management procedures. Meanwhile, obstacles to maintaining objectivity can be overcome through increased competence, utilization of reliable assessment tools, and supervision support. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for counselors in implementing assessments ethically and professionally.