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The development of e-Government has become a key strategy in modernizing public administration in various countries, including Australia and Indonesia. The application of information and communication technology in government administration aims to improve bureaucratic efficiency, the quality of public services, and realize the principles of good governance. This study aims to analyze and compare the development of public administration in the implementation of e-Government in Australia and Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review of relevant and accessible scientific journals, academic books, and policy documents. The results show that Australia has a higher level of e-Government maturity, characterized by good digital service integration, infrastructure readiness, and adequate human resource capacity. Meanwhile, Indonesia has shown significant progress through the implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE), but still faces challenges such as infrastructure gaps, limited apparatus competency, and fragmented service systems. This research is expected to contribute concepts to the development of e-Government policies and public administration reform in Indonesia.  

This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage damage, chronic inflammation, and functional limitation. Current treatments mainly focus on symptom relief and mechanical correction, with limited ability to restore the biological environment of the joint. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell derived secretome has emerged as a promising cell free regenerative therapy with anti-inflammatory and tissue-repair potential. This study aimed to systematically review the role of mesenchymal stem cell secretome in osteoarthritis management, both as an intra-articular therapy and as an adjuvant following surgical intervention. A literature review was conducted on relevant preclinical and early clinical studies published over the past decade. The selected articles were analyzed to evaluate therapeutic mechanisms and clinical implications. The findings indicate that intra articular administration of secretome reduces inflammatory mediators, suppresses catabolic enzyme activity, and improves cartilage integrity in various osteoarthritis models. Early clinical evidence also suggests improvements in pain and joint function, especially in patients with mild to moderate disease. Furthermore, secretome shows potential as an adjuvant therapy after surgery by supporting biological recovery of joint tissues. Overall, mesenchymal stem cell secretome represents a promising component of a multimodal strategy for osteoarthritis management, although further clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Mathematics is a core subject that develops critical thinking skills; however, many third to fifth-grade elementary school students face difficulties with conventional teaching methods that tend to be uniform and less adaptive. This study aims to develop and implement a mobile-based educational game, "Ethno Run," which integrates the Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) algorithm to provide an adaptive learning experience. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) framework. The system uses BKT to track students' mastery in real-time by analyzing their responses to pre-tests and exercises within the game, which then adjusts the difficulty level and focuses the post-test on areas identified as weak, such as arithmetic operations and geometry. The findings show that this adaptive approach significantly improves learning outcomes, with the average score increasing from 44.33 on the pre-test to 85.33 on the post-test among 30 students. This study concludes that the integration of Artificial Intelligence through BKT effectively personalizes learning, enhances student motivation, and provides data-driven insights for teachers regarding students' progress. The implication of this research is that adaptive game-based learning serves as a feasible interactive solution to bridge the gap in conventional basic mathematics education.

Anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women is a common condition that may negatively affect psychological readiness for childbirth. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This community service activity aimed to reduce anxiety levels among third-trimester pregnant women through health education and practical training on progressive muscle relaxation therapy. The activity was conducted at PMB Lina Contesa and involved 25 third-trimester pregnant women. The intervention consisted of health education sessions, demonstrations, and guided practice of progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) before and after the intervention. The results showed a decrease in the mean anxiety scores after the intervention, shifting from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety levels. These findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation therapy is effective in reducing anxiety among third-trimester pregnant women. In conclusion, health education combined with progressive muscle relaxation therapy is a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological approach to reduce maternal anxiety and is recommended to be integrated into antenatal care services at midwifery private practices.

Hemangioma is the most common benign vascular tumor in infancy and is generally characterized by a proliferative phase followed by spontaneous involution. Although most cases resolve without intervention, treatment is required when hemangiomas cause functional impairment, ulceration, or life-threatening complications. Lingual hemangioma is a rare presentation and may result in significant feeding difficulties and airway compromise, requiring prompt and multidisciplinary management. This study aims to report the comprehensive management of a refractory lingual hemangioma in an infant, emphasizing diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic strategy, and nutritional support. A six-month-old female infant presented with a lingual hemangioma associated with progressive feeding difficulties. Prior to initiating therapy, a thorough diagnostic workup was performed, including echocardiography to assess cardiac function, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate lesion extent, and computed tomography angiography (CT-angiography) to delineate vascular anatomy. The patient initially received oral propranolol as first-line therapy; however, due to an inadequate response, combination chemotherapy with Bleomycin–Vincristine (BV) was initiated. To minimize the risk of toxicity, a 50% dose reduction was applied. Clinical evaluation demonstrated a favorable therapeutic response, with a reduction in lesion size and improvement in feeding ability after 10 weeks of treatment. No severe adverse effects were observed during the treatment period. To ensure adequate nutritional intake and support growth, enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube (NGT) was provided throughout the course of therapy. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic assessment, individualized treatment planning, and close monitoring in refractory hemangioma. In addition, optimal nutritional support plays a crucial role in overall patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the successful management of complex infantile hemangiomas with functional complications.

This study aims to analyze the role of spiritual leadership of the kiai in strengthening the organizational resilience of Al-Asy’ary Islamic Boarding School in the era of Society 5.0. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the kiai, teachers, and students, as well as observation and supporting documentation. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the kiai’s spiritual leadership is a key determinant of pesantren resilience through the integration of transcendental, ethical-humanistic, and adaptive-progressive dimensions. The kiai successfully guides the selective and meaningful use of digital technology by positioning it as a means of service (khadam), rather than an end in itself. Leadership practices based on role modeling, moral values, and spiritual reinforcement foster students’ moral autonomy and create a stable organizational climate amid digital disruption. This study concludes that the resilience of traditional pesantren in the Society 5.0 era lies in the strength of spiritual values sustained through adaptive and continuous spiritual leadership.

The study aimed to find out the nature of the budget, know the modern techniques of preparing and implementing the budget, and the consequences of preparing budget based on the modern techniques on performance of government. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to meet the objectives and hypotheses of the research. The data was gathered through a questionnaire whereby 60 questionnaires where distributed to a sample population of accountants working in the Financial Affairs Department at the General Directorate of Education in Wasit Governorate (Iraq), and 57 questionnaires were collected to establish the views of the accountants regarding the effect of preparing and implementing budgets under the modern techniques on the government performance. This paper came up with a number of conclusions. Preparation of the general budget of the state is a technical and political process that involves and is involving different actors in the state. The budget preparation process is a technical process since it involves numerous key calculations that can be used to quantify the anticipated revenues, the cost of activities likely to be obtained in the year and estimation of the planned expenditures. The process of preparing the budget through the traditional ways (line-item budgeting) does not contribute to the optimal planning and budget allocation of the state and, therefore, the fulfillment of the goals laid out by the countries. This paper advises on the need to focus on the current approaches in the budget preparation because they enhance governmental performance, enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of state expenditures, strive to diversify the income, and convert the policies and goals of the state into a definite and actualized reality on the ground, with the help of standards and indicators that modern means of preparing the budget have offered. And to act to modernize the budget system in Iraq, profiteering with the experience of other countries in this domain, and that modernization be a progress, commencing with the budgeting of some ministries or departments within ministries and bodies gradually with the aim of acquiring more experience and expertise, and then meet the impediments which will emerge to proceed to a complete transition.

Islamic education in the digital era faces significant challenges in improving the quality of learning and developing students' critical thinking skills. One promising solution is the implementation of deep learning-based Islamic education, which can facilitate the teaching of religious material more effectively and easily accessible via the internet. Deep learning has the potential to strengthen students' critical thinking skills and understanding of Islamic values ​​in a more interactive and personalized manner. This study used a literature review method to analyze various relevant literature sources. The results indicate that deep learning can increase student engagement, enable personalized learning, and provide real-time evaluation of learning progress. However, the implementation of this technology also faces challenges, particularly related to the availability and quality of relevant data. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve data quality and develop learning models tailored to student needs to achieve optimal results in technology-based Islamic education.

One of the most common occupational health risk factors found in industrial areas is noise, and long-term exposure ≥85 dB(A) for more than 8 hours has the potential to cause progressive and permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). The risk of NIHL increases if workers do not use Ear Protection Equipment (APT) optimally and have certain individual factors such as age, working period, and length of exposure. This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of APT and worker factors with hearing loss due to noise in PT HMK II Palembang City in 2025. This study uses an analytical quantitative design with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 55 respondents was selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the use of APT (p=0.000) and there was no significant relationship between, the age of workers (p=0.838), working time (p=0.290), and length of work (p=0.172) and noise-induced hearing loss. The use of APT has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of noise-induced hearing loss, although age, length of employment, and length of work did not show a significant relationship.

Background: Normal labor is influenced by Power, His, maternal strength, external pelvic passage, pelvic shape, pelvic width, and perineal elasticity, which affect labor.Objective: To determine the effect of perineal massage and peanut ball on labor progress.Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups and a posttest only. The sample consisted of 30 mothers in labor, divided into two groups: 15 respondents received perineal massage and 15 respondents received perineal massage and used a peanut ball. Data were analyzed using an Independent T-Test. Results: The study showed that the average duration of the first stage of active labor in the perineal massage group was 6.87 hours, while in the combination group of perineal massage and peanut ball it was 5.20 hours. Statistical testing showed a value of p = 0.012 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Perineal massage and peanut balls are effective in accelerating labor as non-pharmacological midwifery interventions in labor management.

In this study, the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model was used to assess the implementation of the People's School Education Program in its early stages. People's schools are an alternative education method designed to improve access to education for vulnerable socioeconomic groups. This study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology and employed a case study design. Data were collected through analysis of institutional documentation and in-depth semi-structured interviews with educators and administrators directly involved in program implementation. The four main components of the CIPP model were used to analyze the obtained data thematically. The results indicate that the program has been contextually designed to meet the needs of the target community. In terms of input, the program is supported by institutional commitment to implementation, although there are still limitations related to learning facilities and the availability of human resources. In terms of process, program activities are implemented adaptively, and in terms of product, initial progress is seen in increasing learning motivation and strengthening student character. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate progress in the early stages of implementation and suggest that ongoing evaluation is needed to support program refinement and sustainability.

Science and technology (science and technology) has a strategic role in encouraging the progress of the nation, but its development needs to be directed so that it is not separated from moral and humanitarian values. Without a strong ethical foundation, the advancement of science and technology has the potential to cause various social problems, such as inequality of access to technology, misuse of technology, and degradation of human values. In the Indonesian context, Pancasila as the basis of the state and the nation's outlook on life can be used as a paradigm in the development of science and technology that is oriented towards humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice. This research aims to examine the role of Pancasila values in building science and technology ethics in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study techniques on various academic sources, public policy documents, and relevant laws and regulations. The results of the study show that Pancasila values are able to become an ethical foundation in the development of science and technology, so that technological progress is not only oriented to technical and economic aspects, but also to moral responsibility, social justice, environmental sustainability, and the welfare of society as a whole.

This study investigates the integration of computational thinking (CT) principles with adaptive curricula to enhance problem-solving skills in undergraduate programming education. Traditional programming curricula often emphasize syntax and basic concepts, neglecting critical problem-solving strategies. The adaptive curriculum framework used in this study combines CT skills such as decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking with personalized learning experiences. A mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research, was employed to assess the effectiveness of this integrated approach. The results show significant improvements in students' problem-solving abilities, conceptual understanding, and engagement compared to a control group following a traditional curriculum. Students in the experimental group, which received the adaptive curriculum, demonstrated better performance in applying algorithms and debugging code. Additionally, students expressed higher levels of engagement and motivation, suggesting that the personalized learning environment fostered greater academic involvement. The study highlights the importance of integrating CT principles with adaptive learning frameworks to create a more inclusive and effective learning environment that accommodates diverse learning needs. The findings suggest that adaptive curricula can bridge gaps in traditional education by providing personalized support and ensuring that students progress at their own pace. This approach is especially beneficial for programming education, where both conceptual understanding and practical problem-solving skills are critical for success. Future research should explore the long-term impact of adaptive learning frameworks and investigate how these technologies can be integrated with traditional teaching methods to maximize their effectiveness.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with continuously increasing prevalence and mortality. This condition is characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function, which is clinically assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as one of the main parameters for staging and monitoring disease progression. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a hematological parameter that reflects the degree of variation in erythrocyte size. In patients with CKD, elevated RDW levels are often associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which may accelerate kidney damage and increase mortality risk. To analyze the correlation between RDW and eGFR values in patients with chronic kidney disease at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi Province. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross‑sectional approach. It was conducted retrospectively using secondary data from the medical records of CKD patients at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi Province, from February 2024 to August 2025. This study used a total sampling method with 189 CKD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  Based on Spearman-rank correlation analysis, the p‑value obtained was 0.129 (>0.05). There was no significant relationship between RDW and eGFR values in CKD patients at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi.Province.

Global social inequality remains one of the fundamental challenges in the contemporary world economic system. The dominance of capitalist economic structures, which emphasize growth and capital accumulation, has proven effective in stimulating economic progress; however, it has simultaneously widened the gap between wealthy and disadvantaged groups at both national and global levels. Meanwhile, socialist economic systems that prioritize income equalization continue to face limitations related to efficiency and innovation. This article aims to examine the role of Islamic economics as an alternative economic framework capable of addressing the challenge of global social inequality. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review of classical and contemporary sources related to global economic systems. The findings indicate that Islamic economics offers a more balanced paradigm by integrating principles of distributive justice, ethical values, and social responsibility within economic activities. Instruments such as zakat, infaq, sadaqah, waqf, along with the prohibition of riba and other exploitative economic practices, serve as essential mechanisms for reducing social inequality. Therefore, Islamic economics holds significant potential as both a normative and practical solution for promoting sustainable global economic justice.

The Community Service Program (PkM) focused on mentoring storytelling competitions was implemented as an effort to improve students' competence in the art of storytelling, while also supporting their preparation for the FLS3N event. The activity was designed through a series of training sessions that included understanding the concept of storytelling, examples of storytelling practices, hands-on practice, and periodic evaluations. During the mentoring process, students showed progress in terms of story mastery, intonation, expression, and confidence. The approach used encouraged active participation so that participants were able to improve their storytelling techniques based on the feedback provided. The results of this activity show that structured and continuous training can improve students' readiness to present stories in a more communicative and interesting manner in upcoming competitions.

This study investigates the levels of asprosin and irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and evaluates their relationships with insulin resistance, glycemic control, and renal function. Additionally, it explores their diagnostic performance as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of DN using ROC curve analysis. A controlled prospective study was conducted involving 130 participants, categorized into healthy controls, T2DM patients, and T2DM with DN. Serum asprosin, irisin, and insulin levels were measured using ELISA, while biochemical and renal parameters such as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, and eGFR were assessed using standard spectrophotometric techniques. ROC analysis was employed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of asprosin and irisin. Asprosin levels were significantly elevated, while irisin levels were markedly reduced in DN patients compared to T2DM and control groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, DN patients exhibited higher levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, creatinine, and urea, with lower eGFR, indicating substantial renal dysfunction. ROC analysis revealed that asprosin had an AUC of 0.910 (95% CI: 0.839–0.981), with 90.0% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity at a cutoff value of 11.27 ng/mL. Irisin showed an AUC of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.812–0.960), with 95.0% sensitivity and 71.1% specificity at a 158.25 ng/mL cutoff. Asprosin and irisin are strongly associated with insulin resistance and renal impairment in patients with T2DM and DN. Their high diagnostic performance supports their utility as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of diabetic nephropathy progression.

Educational inequality persists across ASEAN despite improvements in enrollment and literacy, reflecting structural rather than merely access-related challenges. This study examines how governance structures, financing mechanisms, institutional capacity, and socio-economic stratification interact to produce disparities in educational access, participation, and progression. Using a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design with cross-national comparative policy analysis, the research integrates macro-level quantitative indicators with in-depth qualitative evaluation of policy frameworks across ASEAN member states. Findings reveal that while primary enrollment approaches universality, secondary and tertiary education exhibit pronounced attrition, particularly among rural, low-income, and minority populations. Centralized governance, equitable public financing, and targeted support correlate with higher retention and reduced disparities, as evidenced in high-performing systems such as Singapore, whereas decentralized or under-resourced systems exacerbate structural inequities. Moreover, digital access and institutional capacity emerge as critical factors influencing educational trajectories. The study underscores that addressing inequality requires systemic reforms integrating governance coordination, progressive financing, institutional strengthening, and equity-focused interventions. By foregrounding structural determinants and cross-national variation, this research contributes to theoretical and policy debates on educational equity, providing evidence-based guidance for ASEAN strategies aimed at achieving inclusive, high-quality education across diverse socio-economic and geographic contexts.

This study aims to develop a Student Progress Assessment Information System for PAUD Laskar Pelangi as a solution to various problems that arise in the academic data management process, which was previously carried out manually. The management of student grades, student data, class data, and subject data often encountered obstacles such as delays, recording errors, difficulty in searching for data, and inaccuracies in report preparation. To overcome these issues, a web-based information system was developed to manage all data in an integrated and more efficient manner. The system development method used the Website Development Life Cycle approach, and the application was implemented using the PHP programming language. The system is designed to enable the admin to manage student data, class data, subject data, grades, and automatically generate student grade reports. Database implementation was carried out to ensure that data is stored properly and can be accessed easily. Functional testing was conducted to ensure that all features operate according to user needs. The results of the study show that the developed information system is capable of improving administrative efficiency, accelerating the grade processing workflow, minimizing recording errors, and generating student grade reports quickly and accurately. Therefore, this system provides significant benefits for PAUD Laskar Pelangi in improving the effectiveness of academic administrative management and can be further developed according to the school's needs.