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Digitalization has become a crucial factor in enhancing the competitiveness and growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries, particularly within the ASEAN region. This study aims to explore the impact of digitalization on MSME growth in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. These three countries were selected due to their substantial economic potential and evolving levels of technology adoption, yet each faces unique challenges in digital transformation. The study analyzes literature on the role of digitalization in improving market access, operational efficiency, and MSME financing, identifying key drivers and barriers specific to each country. Findings reveal that digitalization significantly contributes to enhancing productivity and sustainability for MSMEs, though challenges related to infrastructure, digital literacy, and regulatory frameworks present notable obstacles. This review aims to provide insights for policymakers and MSME stakeholders in optimizing digitalization strategies to foster economic growth in ASEAN.

Evaluation of Regional Government financial performance is important and needs to be carried out. The aim of this research is to check the financial performance of the Malang City Government by analyzing financial reports from 2018 to 2023. This research is descriptive qualitative with secondary data obtained from the Malang City Central Statistics Agency. The results show that the degree of decentralization ratio has an average of Fair Performance, the financial independence ratio has an average of Low Performance, the efficiency ratio has an average of Inefficient Performance, the ratio of operational expenditure to total expenditure has an average of Good Performance, the ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure with average Good Performance, and ratio of expenditure growth with average Good Performance.  

Administration and management are fundamental concepts in human activity, dating back to creation in Islamic perspective. The Qur'an contains various management principles that emphasize not only efficiency and effectiveness but also the ethical and spiritual values underlying every action. This study aims to explore the concepts of administration and management from the Qur'anic perspective and to apply Qur'anic management principles in everyday life. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this research identifies managerial values such as consultation (shura), optimal hard work (itqan), and honesty as guidance for Muslims to achieve a balance between worldly and spiritual goals. In conclusion, Qur'anic-based management not only directs operational success but also yields broad spiritual and social impacts.

The analysis of production costs using the full costing method at CV Cielofood Pratama in Bogor aims to set accurate selling prices through comprehensive production cost calculations. This study applied a descriptive case study approach, utilizing primary data from observations and interviews as well as secondary data. The analysis revealed a total monthly production cost of Rp 42,200,000, with a per-unit cost of Rp 15,461.54. These results demonstrate that the full costing method provides a complete overview of all production expenses, aiding management in decision-making related to pricing strategies and operational efficiency. The practical implication of this method can enhance the company's competitiveness in the market.

Energy efficiency has become a critical focus in manufacturing plants due to rising operational costs and increasing environmental concerns. The growing importance of energy management is driven by the need to reduce energy consumption, lower emissions, and enhance overall operational efficiency. Traditional maintenance practices, such as reactive and preventive maintenance, often lead to unnecessary downtime, high repair costs, and inefficient energy usage. In contrast, predictive maintenance (PdM), supported by Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sensor networks, offers a proactive approach to minimizing energy waste by predicting equipment failures before they occur. This study develops a predictive maintenance framework using IoT-based sensor networks to optimize energy usage and reduce energy losses in manufacturing plants. The research begins with an overview of IoT sensor network architectures and their applications in industrial automation, including sensors such as temperature, vibration, and pressure sensors. It explores predictive analytics techniques, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, used for failure prediction, which are key to enhancing energy efficiency. The study emphasizes how predictive maintenance contributes to industrial sustainability by reducing carbon footprints and optimizing energy consumption. The research methodology involves the installation of IoT sensors in critical machinery, real-time data analysis using machine learning algorithms for failure prediction, and energy consumption measurement before and after implementing IoT-based interventions. The results show significant improvements in energy consumption efficiency and operational productivity. Predictive maintenance led to reduced unplanned downtime, increased equipment reliability, and a more sustainable manufacturing process. However, challenges such as sensor integration, initial setup costs, and data security concerns were identified. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating IoT-based predictive maintenance systems into manufacturing plants to further optimize energy usage and promote sustainability.

This study aims to explore the application of blockchain in enhancing server security to mitigate ransomware and malware attacks in critical infrastructures such as healthcare, finance, and government sectors. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, the research collects articles from four major databases (IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink) published between 2020 and 2024. The search focuses on keywords related to blockchain, server security, ransomware, malware, and attack mitigation. The results indicate that blockchain enhances data integrity, transaction security, and strengthens access control to protect sensitive data. Moreover, integrating blockchain with intrusion detection systems (IDS) and using smart contracts accelerates threat detection and response, allowing for automatic blocking and data recovery from attacks. This technology reduces reliance on manual intervention and increases operational efficiency. However, the main challenges in its implementation include high implementation costs, scalability, and technical complexity. Nevertheless, blockchain offers significant solutions for mitigating ransomware and malware attacks while enhancing the reliability and efficiency of systems. In conclusion, blockchain provides an effective solution for server security and cyber threat mitigation, although challenges related to cost and scalability need to be addressed. Further research is required to develop more efficient blockchain protocols and integrate them with other technologies to enhance threat detection and response speed.

The global clean water crisis is exacerbated by significant losses in water distribution networks (WDNs), resulting in inefficient use of both water and energy resources. Traditional methods of leak detection and pressure management often fail to address these inefficiencies, leading to substantial water wastage and high operational costs. This research aims to design a sustainable, smart water distribution system using advanced technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for leak detection and automated pressure control. The system employs real-time monitoring through IoT sensors, which continuously gather data on water pressure, flow rates, and other critical parameters. This data is analyzed using various ML algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised learning models, to detect anomalies indicative of leaks. Additionally, the system integrates automated pressure control mechanisms that dynamically adjust pressure to prevent over-pressurization, reducing both water loss and energy consumption. By combining leak detection and pressure control, the proposed system offers a more efficient, sustainable solution to water resource management compared to traditional methods. The expected outcomes include a significant reduction in water loss, enhanced energy efficiency, and improved water service quality. However, the implementation of such a system in rural or small-town infrastructure faces challenges, including sensor maintenance, algorithm reliability, and regulatory issues. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that while the initial investment in smart technologies may be high, the long-term savings in water and energy costs outweigh these costs. This study underscores the potential of ML-based systems in enhancing water conservation, operational efficiency, and sustainability in water management.

The digitalization of philanthropic da'wah management has brought about a fundamental change in the way da'wah institutions manage philanthropic activities. By using a digital platform, these philanthropic da'wah institutions can reach a wider audience, increase transparency, and strengthen relationships with donors and the general public. However, this digitalization also brings challenges such as intense competition, demands for high professionalism and accountability, and data security risks. The opportunities for digitalization of philanthropic da'wah management include increasing reach and accessibility, operational efficiency, transparency and accountability, innovation in da'wah programs, and improving relationships with donors. Meanwhile, the challenges faced include intense competition, demands for high professionalism and accountability, and data security risks. Therefore, philanthropic da'wah institutions need to have adaptive and innovative strategies to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of philanthropic da'wah activities in the modern era.

The transport industry stands out as a crucial domain in bolstering Indonesia's journey toward economic revitalization, swift progress, and equitable distribution. At present, Indonesia is in the process of establishing a high-speed railway sector that adheres to global benchmarks. Rail-based transit systems exert considerable influence on the mobility of both individuals and commodities. Trains possess the capacity to convey substantial volumes of commuters and freight in one journey, thereby playing a role in diminishing operational expenses for transportation fleets. Braking is an important aspect of driving because it affects safety, vehicle control, and vehicle efficiency. In order to develop braking research, high-speed train braking test equipment is needed to describe the actual conditions during braking. High-speed trains are a type of train capable of traveling at speeds above 200 km/h. The braking applied to these high-speed trains involves several combined forces, including regenerative braking and pneumatic braking. In regenerative braking, deceleration occurs due to the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical power. This mechanism is carried out when the train is at an operational speed of 220 km/h until it decelerates to 160 km/h. Next, pneumatic braking was applied at a speed of 160 km/h until the train slowed down and came to a stop. This study shows how the calculation process was carried out using a scale of 1:4 at a speed of 160 km/h.

This research aims to design and developing a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) leak monitoring system in the cold storage cooling system on the Anchor Handling Tug Supply (AHTS) ship by utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. HFC leaks in cooling systems can cause environmental hazards and operational inefficiencies. The proposed system integrates sensors and IoT devices to continuously monitor HFC levels, detect leaks in real-time, and provide instant alerts to crew and management. The system architecture includes sensors for HFC detection, a microcontroller for data processing, and a communication module for data transmission to a central monitoring platform. Real-time data can be accessed through a user-friendly interface, enabling timely intervention and maintenance. Initial testing shows that the system is effective in identifying and reporting HFC leaks, potentially reducing environmental impacts and improving the safety and efficiency of cold storage operations on AHTS vessels. Further development and extensive field testing are planned to refine the system and validate its performance across a wide range of operational conditions.

The presence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a significant impact on the preparation of financial reports, especially in terms of efficiency and accuracy. This article aims to examine the influence of AI on the process of preparing financial reports that were previously carried out conventionally and the challenges faced by companies in adopting it. This study uses a literature study method to identify trends and findings related to the use of AI in accounting. The results show that AI is able to improve operational efficiency, data analysis, and security, although there are challenges in its implementation, such as human resource adaptation and data security.

The development of information technology (IT) has had a significant impact on increasing the efficiency and quality of health services. Specialized Eye Hospitals, as facilities with specialized services, require IT infrastructure that can support medical and administrative operations optimally. The TOGAF framework (The Open Group Architecture Framework) offers a systematic approach to designing, managing and implementing effective IT architecture. This study aims to examine the application of TOGAF in IT infrastructure planning at a Special Eye Hospital. The research methods used include IT needs analysis, IT architecture modeling based on TOGAF, and evaluation of the architecture implementation. The research results show that the application of TOGAF is able to increase operational efficiency, speed up access to patient information, and improve overall service quality. This research contributes to providing practical guidance for other hospitals wishing to optimize their IT systems using the TOGAF approach.

This research aims to address the issue of uneven bandwidth distribution in large organizational networks by implementing Quality of Service (QoS) using FIFO and the Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) algorithm on Mikrotik routers. Uneven bandwidth distribution can disrupt productivity and operational efficiency. This study creates a fair and efficient traffic management system, allowing bandwidth allocation according to user needs. The methodology involves detailed configuration of Mikrotik RouterOS to optimize QoS with adjusted HTB settings. Testing was conducted using IPerf3 to measure bandwidth variations received by clients in different conditions, including scenarios with two and three active clients. The results indicate that the HTB method provides more stable and consistent bandwidth distribution compared to FIFO. In the two-active client scenario, the unused bandwidth by the third client is allocated to higher priority clients, demonstrating HTB's effectiveness in managing traffic priorities. This research is expected to enhance user satisfaction by providing a network that is both stable and responsive to the needs of various operational applications, and contribute significantly to the development of best practices for bandwidth management in complex organizational environments.

POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) is a management framework used to improve effectiveness in various sectors, including education. In modern education management, the implementation of POAC plays a crucial role in achieving the goals of efficient and quality education. Planning helps set the long-term vision and strategy of the educational institution. Organizing ensures that human and material resources are managed effectively. Actuating involves leadership and motivation to ensure that all parties are active in the educational process. Control is carried out through periodic evaluation and monitoring to ensure the achievement of goals. Research shows that the proper implementation of POAC can improve learning quality, operational efficiency, and student satisfaction. The application of POAC in modern education management is an important strategy in creating educational institutions

This study seeks to examine the role of responsibility accounting in cost control, with a focus on cost centers. Responsibility accounting helps organizations control costs by assigning cost responsibility to each cost center manager. Through this system, costs incurred can be monitored, controlled and reported accurately. This study uses a literature review method from various empirical studies that examine The implementation of responsibility accounting in the responsibility accounting process is underway public and private sectors. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of responsibility accounting is effective in cost centers is able to increase operational efficiency and minimize budget deviations. However, challenges in separating controlled and uncontrolled costs as well as limited organizational structures in some companies are still obstacles to the effectiveness of cost control. This study highlights the importance of cost segregation and active management participation in budgeting to improve cost center performance.

Organizational culture change in the healthcare sector has a significant impact on the quality of services provided. In a dynamic environment, healthcare organizations must be able to adapt their internal culture to face new challenges, such as technological developments, regulatory changes, and increasing expectations from patients and the public. This study aims to explore the effect of organizational culture change on the quality of healthcare services through a systematic literature review. The methodology used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with data analysis from various relevant studies. The results show that cultural change that supports employee engagement and focuses on patient satisfaction can improve operational efficiency and service quality. However, challenges such as resistance to change and limited resources remain obstacles that must be overcome. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that organizational culture change is not only a strategic step to improve service quality, but also a long-term investment that can improve employee engagement and patient satisfaction.

This research examines the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives within the maritime sector, focusing on their environmental and economic impacts. Through qualitative analysis of perspectives from maritime professionals, educators, and graduates, the study identifies key successes and challenges in implementing sustainability programs. Larger maritime companies have shown significant progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving operational efficiency, while smaller enterprises face financial and logistical barriers to adopting green technologies. The study also highlights the gap between sustainability education and its practical application in the industry, calling for stronger collaboration between academic institutions and industry leaders. The findings underscore the need for continued innovation, policy support, and investment to ensure that sustainability initiatives contribute to both environmental preservation and long-term economic growth in the maritime sector.

This research explores the transformative impact of digitalization on maritime operations, focusing on emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain. Through qualitative research and descriptive analysis, perspectives from maritime professionals, lecturers, and graduates were examined to understand the integration of these technologies in maritime management, operations, and education. The findings reveal that digital tools significantly enhance operational efficiency, decision-making, and sustainability while highlighting challenges in workforce training and the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in maritime education. Despite the benefits, full optimization of these technologies is still developing due to varied adoption levels across the industry. The research emphasizes the need for investment in infrastructure, continuous professional development, and educational reform to fully leverage digitalization in the maritime sector.

Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit is a vital component in airport operations, playing an important role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of flight services. This study aims to determine what obstacles are encountered during inspection activities and how does the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit overcome these obstacles. This study uses a qualitative approach with field observations and then conducting analysis. The subjects of this study were Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit officers at Supadio Airport, Pontianak. The research period was 1 month. The results of the study can be concluded that the main obstacles of the AMC unit at Supadio Airport, Pontianak include communication difficulties due to noise, limited visual supervision, and coordination between units. The proposed solutions include improving communication systems, expanding surveillance camera coverage, optimizing personnel, regular training, using new technologies such as drones, and evaluating and improving operational procedures. The implementation of these solutions is expected to improve the effectiveness of the AMC inspection function, support the discipline of apron officers, and improve the safety and smoothness of airport operations..

This research explores the impact of using the application on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the city of Semarang in the context of digitalization and the implementation of Artificial Intelligence. (AI). Research data were obtained from a survey of 100 MSME actors and in-depth interviews. The analysis method used is qualitative descriptive. The research results indicate that the application can potentially enhance MSMEs' operational and marketing efficiency through a digital system. However, it still faces the challenge of low digital literacy among MSME actors. The discussion shows that this innovation can improve the competitiveness of business actors in the digital era, especially in understanding consumer behavior and logistics management. The research conclusion emphasizes that implementing the application can be a solution to increase MSME income, help them adapt to market changes, and effectively utilize digital technology.