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This research aims to explore students’ perceptions of the use of e-learning in English teaching activities. The study was conducted to understand how students respond to and engage with digital learning platforms during their English classes, especially in the context of increasing reliance on online education. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires  from college students. The findings reveal that most students perceive e-learning as a helpful tool that offers flexibility, access to various resources, and opportunities for independent learning. However, challenges such as lack of motivation, technical issues, and limited interaction with teachers were also identified. Overall, while students acknowledged the benefits of e-learning in enhancing their English skills, they also emphasized the importance of combining it with traditional face-to-face instruction for more effective learning outcomes. This study highlights the importance of improving digital infrastructure and instructional design to ensure that e-learning is both effective and engaging in English education

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a transformation in online learning, requiring teachers and lecturers to adapt to educational technology, including Virtual Reality (VR) Tour. However, limited understanding and motivation are the main challenges in implementing this technology. This community service aims to provide practical training in developing VR Tour as an interactive learning media for teachers and lecturers at Rumah Diklat Indonesia. The implementation method involves an online workshop using the Zoom application, which includes a tutorial on creating 360° panoramic photos via Google Street View and processing VR Tour via the Theasys.io platform. Participants also receive technical guidance and hands-on practice sessions. The results show that participants are able to produce VR Tour content for learning, as well as improve their understanding of technology integration in education. This training equips participants with basic skills to develop virtual learning media, expand students' learning access creatively and innovatively. In conclusion, the use of VR Tour has the potential to improve the quality of distance learning, while encouraging educators to continue to adapt to technological developments in the digital era.

Science continues to advance over time. This development has led to the birth of various new technologies that mark the progress of the times. Currently, technology has entered the digital era, where almost all areas of life are beginning to utilize these advances to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. In Indonesia, digital transformation has also penetrated various sectors, including education. This change presents a significant opportunity for the world of education to expand access, improve the quality of learning, and encourage innovation in teaching methods. As an entity closely linked to human culture and civilization, education has undergone significant changes in the era of globalization. The use of digital technologies, such as online learning, learning management systems (LMS), and interactive media, has become an integral part of the educational process. This not only facilitates the delivery of material but also opens up more flexible and inclusive learning opportunities for various levels of society. However, behind these opportunities, challenges also arise, such as disparities in technology access, low digital literacy in some communities, and the need to adapt curricula and teaching methods to be relevant to current developments. Therefore, the success of educational transformation in the digital era depends not only on the availability of technology but also on the readiness of human resources, including educators and students, to optimize its use. Therefore, the development of digital science and technology has become a driving force for global educational change. Education is required to adapt quickly and accurately to produce a generation that is not only academically intelligent.

Thematic learning model is a learning model that describes several subjects taught through themes. Thematic learning model as a concept can be interpreted as a learning approach that involves several subjects to provide meaningful experiences to students. By implementing thematic learning model, it is expected that students can understand Christian Religious Education, remember the importance of teaching Christian Religious Education to help students not to lose their knowledge of God and help students maintain good morals, character and nature. The purpose of writing this article is to help students and teachers to more easily understand thematic learning model and improve understanding of Christian Religious Education. The method used in writing this article is a qualitative approach or literature study. Researchers try to offer solutions to the problems raised by summarizing and compiling various theories and data from various literature sources, such as books, dictionaries, scientific journals, and relevant online media.

The purpose of this research is to see how Digital Literacy: Understanding Norms and Ethics in the Online Field. In general, this study aims to assess the extent of understanding and practice of digital ethics in various groups. Measuring interventions (workshops/socialization) in improving ethical behavior online. Identify gaps in areas prone to norm violations, such as privacy breaches, unauthorized uploads, and the spread of hoaxes. Develop a model or recommendation for literacy programs that is grounded in social norms and values. Research methods The form of this research is descriptive, analytical, and critical. Therefore, the author can comprehensively explain how Digital Literacy: Understanding Norms and Ethics in the Online Field. In this study, the author optimally used two data sources related to this research, namely. Primary data sources and secondary data sources. The result of this study is that digital literacy and ethics are effective in reducing hoaxes and hate speech. Strengthening methods include e-learning, digital media, and school literacy movements. The challenges are the limited skills of students, the lack of parental supervision, and the need for teachers who need to continue to develop.

This study aims to examine the challenges and strategies of Management Study Program students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) in understanding online lecture materials. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of closed questionnaires distributed to 25 respondents of fourth semester students. The results showed that although there were still technical problems such as unstable internet connections, the majority of students were able to adapt to the online learning system. The most dominant learning strategies used are active and independent strategies, such as reading, taking notes, repeating material, watching learning videos, and managing study time. In addition, group discussions through media such as WhatsApp and Telegram also help clarify understanding of the material. Students also rely on learning materials provided by lecturers through digital platforms (PDF, video, and LMS) as the main source of independent learning. This study concludes that students' success in understanding online lecture materials is strongly influenced by a combination of active learning strategies, group collaboration, and material support provided by lecturers. Therefore, continuous collaboration between students, lecturers, and institutions is needed to create a more effective and inclusive online learning system.

This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to reveal how the implementation of classical guidance services plays a role as a preventive and curative effort against online game addiction in students of SMP Negeri 2 Kuala. The problem of online game addiction has become a phenomenon that disrupts the learning process and social-emotional development of students. In this study, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with BK teachers, homeroom teachers, and several students who were indicated to be addicted, as well as documentation of the guidance program being run. The results of the study showed that classical guidance services were able to provide students with an understanding of the negative impacts of online game addiction and raise awareness to manage playing time healthily. Preventive efforts were made through the delivery of material on time management, the consequences of addictive behavior, and strengthening learning motivation. Meanwhile, the curative approach was applied with further counseling for students who had shown symptoms of severe addiction. BK teachers also involved parents in the student recovery process. In conclusion, classical guidance services have a significant role in overcoming online game addiction if implemented systematically and continuously.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major transformation in the education system, bringing both opportunities and challenges due to the unfamiliar nature of remote learning. This study aims to explore how online English instruction has been implemented in public senior high schools across Bali, particularly by examining its strengths, limitations, potential benefits, and inherent risks. Employing a qualitative research design, the study involved four English teachers from four different public high schools. Data collection methods included literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and classroom observations.. The study found that online English instruction was shaped by the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach, with a particular emphasis on content relevant to the tourism and hospitality sectors. A variety of platforms—such as Zoom, WhatsApp, and other digital tools—were employed to deliver instruction. One of the key advantages identified was the flexibility in time and location, which allowed both students and teachers to access learning materials anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the availability of diverse digital tools enabled teachers to creatively adapt their teaching strategies. Nonetheless, the implementation also encountered significant barriers, including inconsistent internet access and a lack of adequate digital infrastructure. The study also highlighted opportunities arising from increasing student digital literacy and the expanding use of online learning platforms, which fostered more interactive and engaging learning environments. However, several challenges remained, including low awareness among parents and varying levels of digital competence among educators, which affected the overall effectiveness of the program. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustained teacher training and institutional

This study aims to examine the trends and applications of technology in educational research, which are rapidly evolving along with digital advances and the need for adaptive learning. Phenomena such as big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and online learning have changed the way research is conducted, both in terms of data collection and analysis. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes various applications that support the effectiveness of educational research and the challenges faced in their use. The results show that trends such as the use of AI, big data, and mixed methods contribute significantly to the validity and efficiency of educational research. However, challenges such as low technological literacy, data security risks, and infrastructure limitations remain major obstacles. These findings are expected to be the basis for formulating data-based educational policies and developing more innovative research methods.

This study presents an advanced AI-powered framework to detect and prevent cyberbullying across diverse social media platforms using a multiclass classification approach. Addressing the growing complexity and linguistic diversity of online abuse, the research integrates various machine learning (RF, LR, SVM) and deep learning (Bi-LSTM, BERT) models trained on a balanced dataset covering bullying categories based on religion, age, ethnicity, gender, and neutral content. Data preprocessing, tokenization, feature extraction via TF-IDF and CountVectorizer, and class balancing using SMOTE were applied to enhance model accuracy. The proposed system further supports real-time detection through social media APIs, offering dynamic monitoring and intervention capabilities. Among the tested models, Random Forest and BERT achieved the highest classification performance with 94% accuracy. Despite its robust architecture, limitations include dependence on English-language datasets, exclusion of multimodal data (e.g., memes, audio), and API restrictions that challenge scalability. Future development will focus on incorporating vision-language models and optimizing the system for real-time, multilingual, and multimodal environments. This study contributes to digital safety efforts by proposing a scalable and adaptive detection system suitable for safeguarding users from evolving forms of online harassment.

This community service activity aims to optimize the understanding and skills of elementary school (SD) teachers in Tarik District in implementing innovative learning based on deep learning. The concept of deep learning in the context of education does not solely refer to the use of technology, but also includes a deep, reflective, and meaningful learning approach. Through this approach, teachers are expected to be able to create a learning environment that encourages students to think critically, creatively, and be able to collaborate effectively. This activity was attended by 34 elementary school teachers from eight schools in the Tarik District area. In addition to providing training related to deep learning concepts and strategies, such as project-based learning and problem-based learning, this activity also introduced the use of OLabs (Online Labs), which is a virtual laboratory platform that can be accessed for free and is specifically designed to support the implementation of online experimental learning. The use of OLabs provides an efficient and flexible alternative, especially for educational units that have limited laboratory facilities. Based on the results of the evaluation, there was a significant increase in teachers' understanding of innovative learning principles, as well as a commitment to implement the approach in an adaptive manner and in accordance with the context of each school. This activity is expected to be the starting point in efforts to strengthen the pedagogic capacity of teachers, in order to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and answer the challenges of 21st century education.

The objectives of this study are (1) to describe how the principal of the school strives to improve the quality of teachers at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah in Gorontalo City. (2) To describe/characterize whether there are obstacles faced by the school principal in improving teacher quality at Muhammadiyah Senior High School in Gorontalo City. This research is classified as qualitative in nature, employing a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted in one stage, namely: Data verification or drawing conclusions. The research results show that the principal of Muhammadiyah Senior High School in Gorontalo City always strives to improve the quality of teachers at Muhammadiyah Senior High School in Gorontalo City by involving all teachers in training and education (DIKLAT) both offline and online. In this study, it can be seen that the challenges faced by the principal in improving teacher quality stem from the lack of adequate facilities and infrastructure, which can hinder the learning process and lead to a decline in educational quality. Since qualified teachers are the most critical factor in improving educational quality, it is essential to optimize educational facilities to support the learning process.  

Educational evaluation plays a crucial role in improving educational standards, especially in the digital era characterized by advancements in information technology. This study aims to identify how effective evaluation can enhance the quality of education through the use of digital tools. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature review approach, where data is collected through analysis and description of information from various sources, including books and journal articles. The results indicate that digital-based evaluations, such as the use of online platforms and assessment applications, improve the accuracy and efficiency in collecting student learning data. Additionally, formative evaluations conducted continuously provide constructive feedback, enhance student motivation, and allow for curriculum adjustments that are more responsive to learning needs. Challenges faced, such as evaluator subjectivity and technological access gaps, were also identified but can be addressed through training and capacity building for educators and students.

This study aims to explore the practices and perceptions of tutors in implementing assessment in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction at non-formal language course institutions. A quantitative method was used, involving data collection through questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions, complemented by an online interview to deepen the understanding of assessment implementation. The results show that diagnostic and formative assessments are the most frequently used types (100%), while performance-based and project-based assessments are used by 50% of the respondents. None of the tutors reported using self-assessment, indicating a limited variety in assessment methods applied. The main purposes of assessment include identifying students’ learning needs, monitoring progress, and evaluating teaching effectiveness. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and low student motivation, tutors managed to apply solutions like group discussions and peer feedback. Assessment was found to positively impact both students’ skill development and tutors’ understanding of -learners’ needs. The study concludes that assessment in ESP plays a strategic role not only as an evaluation tool but also as a diagnostic and formative mechanism that supports continuous learning. Therefore, proper understanding and contextual adaptation are essential in maximizing the role of assessment in ESP instruction.

This study aims to develop an instructional medium in the form of a Webtoon-based digital comic entitled “Was machst du?”, adapted from the Netzwerk neu A2 textbook, to enhance German reading comprehension at the A2 level. The development model used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Validation was conducted by two experts one in content and one in media with validation scores of 91% and 92%, respectively, indicating that the comic is highly suitable for instructional use. A limited trial was carried out among students of the German Language Education Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. The results showed that the comic supported students’ reading comprehension, increased motivation, and reduced reliance on online translators. This study concludes that integrating official textbook content into digital comic formats published through popular platforms such as Webtoon represents an effective and relevant innovation for digital-native learners.

This study aims to examine the effect of interaction frequency among 2023 cohort Sharia Accounting students on the effectiveness of online learning. The research was motivated by the increasing implementation of online classes, especially during lecturer absences or national holidays. A quantitative approach was applied through a questionnaire distributed to students. Data were analyzed using validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, and One Way ANOVA tests. The results indicate that although students showed a reasonable frequency of interaction, there was no significant effect on learning effectiveness. This suggests that interaction alone may not be the key factor in successful online learning. Other elements such as motivation, teaching methods, and learning environment may also play an important role. The study recommends that students engage more consistently in class and that lecturers develop more engaging and interactive online learning strategies.

Entrepreneurship has become a crucial pillar in economic development, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). This study aims to quantitatively describe the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial interest. Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method, selected based on the researchers’ considerations. The reason for this sampling technique was that the selected classes had completed the entrepreneurship course. Total sampling was used, resulting in a sample of 121 students from four selected classes. The research instrument was an online questionnaire distributed to the students, and the collected data were analyzed using regression analysis to evaluate students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship education. The results of the study indicate that entrepreneurship education has a “positive” impact on students' entrepreneurial interest, as represented by indicators such as self-confidence, creative and innovative thinking, future orientation, as well as the enhancement of honesty and independence values among students.

In order to keep the educational process running smoothly in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, several schools have turned to online learning platforms. In the context of LMSs, one of the most popular systems is Moodle. Focusing on SMPK PENABUR Depok in the post-COVID-19 era, this study seeks to ascertain the impact of Moodle on the efficacy of learning in educational institutions. The study employs a quantitative methodology to investigate the interrelationships of factors by means of student questionnaires and basic linear regression analysis. With a coefficient of determination of 61.1%, the data demonstrate that Moodle significantly and positively affects the effectiveness of learning. Despite some technological issues, such slow internet, Moodle has improved students' access to course materials, their ability to engage in class discussions, and their level of participation. According to these results, blended learning—which has recently emerged as a viable strategy—can benefit from the use of learning technologies like Moodle to raise the bar for educational excellence. The need of bolstering technological infrastructure and enhancing the quality of online learning platforms to improve the effectiveness of learning going forward is underscored by the implications of this study.

Data communication and computer networking training at TCK Learning Centre Hong Kong is organized to address the need for increased technology literacy among Indonesian migrant workers in the face of digital globalization challenges. This activity is designed in a hybrid format (online and offline) with an approach that integrates theory and practical applications. The goal of this event is to enhance participants' understanding of basic networking concepts, technical skills in configuration and troubleshooting, as well as their analytical abilities in addressing data communication challenges. The implementation method includes material presentation, case studies, interactive discussions, and evaluation through questionnaires. The results of the activity show that the participants' understanding level is very good, with the majority stating that the material presented is easy to understand and of high quality. This activity is also in line with the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), namely quality education and decent work. This training not only empowers participants individually but also strengthens the image of TCK Learning Centre as a strategic partner in the development of a skilled ICT-based workforce.

J-Pop music has become an important part of students’ lifestyles and plays a role in influencing their mood and learning productivity. This study employed a descriptive quantitative method by distributing an online questionnaire to 194 students who regularly listen to J-Pop while studying. Results showed that 69.8% of respondents felt their mood improved before studying when listening to this music, and 40.2% reported completing tasks more quickly. These findings indicate that J-Pop can serve as a positive stimulus to enhance motivation and focus during academic activities. However, its effects are subjective and highly dependent on individual preferences and study habits. Therefore, J-Pop has the potential to be part of an effective learning strategy if adapted to students’ personal characteristics and contexts. This study emphasizes the importance of considering psychological aspects when utilizing music as a learning aid to support students’ academic performance.