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This study aims to describe and explain the challenges and obstacles in implementing differentiated learning in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) for fourth-grade students at Galeh 1 Public Elementary School, Tangen District, Sragen Regency, in the  2024/2025 academic year. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method, with the study conducted at Galeh 01 Elementary School in April 2025. The research subjects included the fourth-grade teacher and students, consisting of 8 male and 11 female students. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed using the interactive data analysis model by Miles & Huberman. The results of the study show that: a) content differentiation was evident through the teacher's systematic preparation of IPAS teaching modules, provision of learning materials, and the use of PowerPoint and concrete images as media; b) process differentiation was demonstrated through varied assignments in group and individual formats, tailored approaches according to academic levels, and the use of an LCD projector to support learning; c) product differentiation was observed through students being given opportunities to present and the teacher providing summative assessments as a measure of understanding; d) the learning environment element was reflected in the teacher creating a fun and conducive classroom atmosphere. 2) The challenges and obstacles in implementing differentiated learning included: a) the presence of passive students, b) limited facilities and infrastructure, c) the time-consuming process of preparing learning components, and d) student dependency on peers.

This study aims to systematically examine the effectiveness of the implementation of Physics e-modules based on local wisdom on students’ critical thinking skills. The focus of The study is directed at the integration of local cultural values, especially through the context of making lapek sarikayo, as part of contextual and meaningful physics learning. The method used is Sstematic Literature Review (SLR), which is carried out through the Identification, selection, and analysis of 20 national scientific articles published in the last Five years. The analyzed articles were selected based on relevance to the topic of physics e-Modules, ethnoscience approaches or local wisdom, and measurement of critical thinking Skills. The results of the study show that e-modules that contain elements of local culture are able to increase student involvement,strengthen understanding of physics concepts, and significantly encourage critical thinking skills. A contextual approach through local culture is proven to provide a learning experience that is closer to the reality of learners. These findings have an important impact on the development of innovative teaching. Materials that are relevant to local cultural characteristics, as well as being a strategic reference in designing holistic and transformative 21st-century physics learning.

This community service program was implemented to strengthen the digital literacy and competencies of health cadres in Simogirang Village, Prambon Sub-district, Sidoarjo Regency, particularly in the recording and management of Posyandu (integrated health service post) data. The initiative responded to ongoing issues stemming from manual documentation methods, which were prone to human error, inefficiency, and lack of integration with regional health information systems. To address these challenges, the program delivered an IT-based training module using a combination of direct instruction, demonstrations, and hands-on simulations. The training emphasized the use of accessible and cost-effective tools such as Google Forms and Google Sheets, designed in alignment with the principles of adult learning (andragogy) and Kurt Lewin’s change management model to facilitate behavioral adaptation and technology acceptance among the participants. A total of 25 health cadres participated in the program. Pre- and post-training evaluations demonstrated significant improvement in digital skills, with 80% of participants achieving a minimum of 85% accuracy in completing digital forms and managing records. In addition, a prototype digital system based on Google Workspace was successfully piloted in two Posyandu locations. This system enhanced the timeliness, accuracy, and integration of health data reporting to local health centers (Puskesmas), offering a scalable and sustainable solution for grassroots healthcare data management. Despite the positive outcomes, the program also identified key challenges, notably limited internet infrastructure and varying levels of prior digital exposure among cadres. These findings underscore the need for continuous mentoring, support from local government stakeholders, and potential investment in digital infrastructure. Overall, the initiative contributes to Indonesia’s broader goals of digital transformation in public health, particularly at the village level.

This article discusses the four-month internship experience at PT Pos Indonesia Regional V Surabaya, specifically in the Finance and Accounting section, with a focus on evaluating the effectiveness of using the SAP S/4HANA system in recording financial transactions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method that was analyzed thematically. The results showed that SAP supports real-time transaction recording, is integrated between modules, has an adequate audit trail, and increases HR competence in terms of accuracy and work efficiency. The conclusion shows that the SAP system has proven effective in supporting operational efficiency and internal control of the company, while providing practical experience and important learning for students in facing the digital and integrated world of work.

Attendance management is an essential component in educational institutions, companies, and organizations to monitor the presence and punctuality of participants. Traditional attendance systems, such as manual signatures or identification cards, are prone to various issues including human error, time inefficiency, and identity fraud. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a smart attendance system using facial recognition technology based on Python and the OpenCV library. The system is designed to automatically detect and recognize faces in real time using a webcam or camera module. It employs computer vision techniques to capture facial images, extract unique features, and match them against a stored database of registered participants. Once the face is verified, the system records the attendance along with a timestamp, ensuring data accuracy and security. The development process involved several stages, including image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. OpenCV was utilized for image processing tasks, while Python provided the programming framework to integrate all components. To enhance recognition accuracy, the system applied techniques such as histogram equalization for lighting normalization and Haar Cascade classifiers for initial face detection. An experimental evaluation was conducted under various conditions, including different lighting environments and facial orientations. The results demonstrated that the system achieved an accuracy rate of 96% under normal lighting conditions, with only a small decrease in performance under dim or uneven lighting. These findings indicate that the system is reliable for practical applications, especially in controlled environments. Conclusion: The Python-based facial recognition attendance system offers a more efficient, secure, and accurate alternative to conventional attendance methods. Future improvements may include the integration of deep learning models to enhance recognition robustness in diverse real-world scenarios.

The existence of problems Incompletion and weak achievement of students' learning at SMA Sint Louis Semarang is caused one only by the lack of attention of some students towards PAK learning material the research aims to: 1) To find out the use of the snowball throwing method has achieved completeness results in the Sint Lous High School students in the independent learning curriculum 2) To find out the influence of the aspect of independence on the use of the snowball throwing method on the learning achievement of the participants Sint Louis High School students in the independent learning curriculum 3) To find out the effectiveness of achievement learning using the snowball throwing method for class X Sint Louis High School Semarang in the Independent learning Curriculum. To get answers to these problems researchers used research methods quantitative experiments. By using independence instruments. The population in this research is all students in class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. With the sample used being all students of class posttest The results obtained were the difference between the average pretest score of 40 and after the posttest the average was 95. Therefore, it is concluded that PAK learning in the independent curriculum using the snowball method throwing rocky modules is effective on the learning achievement of students class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. Suggestions it is necessary to add other methods so that the learning process in class is not monotonous and is able to encourage student activity    

The existence of problems Incompletion and weak achievement of students' learning at SMA Sint Louis Semarang is caused one only by the lack of attention of some students towards PAK learning material the research aims to: 1) To find out the use of the snowball throwing method has achieved completeness results in the Sint Lous High School students in the independent learning curriculum 2) To find out the influence of the aspect of independence on the use of the snowball throwing method on the learning achievement of the participants Sint Louis High School students in the independent learning curriculum 3) To find out the effectiveness of achievement learning using the snowball throwing method for class X Sint Louis High School Semarang in the Independent learning Curriculum. To get answers to these problems researchers used research methods quantitative experiments. By using independence instruments. The population in this research is all students in class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. With the sample used being all students of class posttest The results obtained were the difference between the average pretest score of 40 and after the posttest the average was 95. Therefore, it is concluded that PAK learning in the independent curriculum using the snowball method throwing rocky modules is effective on the learning achievement of students class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. Suggestions it is necessary to add other methods so that the learning process in class is not monotonous and is able to encourage student activity    

Education serves as a cornerstone in the learning process of students to enhance intelligence, develop skills, and foster moral character in advancing the nation. Islamic Religious Education and Character (Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti) plays a vital role in helping students shape noble character, cultivate responsibility, and behave in accordance with the values of Islamic faith. In this modern era, the teaching of Islamic Religious Education and Character faces various challenges that hinder the learning process. Therefore, teachers have an essential role in guiding, educating, and directing students to develop their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities to achieve effective learning outcomes. This study aims to: (1) identify the problems faced in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education and Character; (2) explore the efforts or roles of Islamic Religious Education teachers in addressing these problems; and (3) examine the supporting and inhibiting factors that affect the role of teachers in overcoming the challenges of teaching Islamic Religious Education and Character at SMPN 3 Kalikajar. This research employed a qualitative method with a field research approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The findings of the study indicate that: (1) the problems in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education and Character at SMPN 3 Kalikajar include students’ low ability in reading the Qur'an, moral degradation, limited learning time allocation, and the diversity of students’ religious understandings; (2) the efforts or roles of Islamic Religious Education teachers in overcoming these problems include the use of active, innovative, and creative learning strategies, utilization of technology and digitalization, preparation of systematic teaching modules, implementation of learning evaluations, collaboration with fellow teachers to solve unresolved issues, involvement of parents, and reinforcement of religious values through Madrasah Diniyah programs; (3) the supporting factors include the shared Islamic background among students and the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, while the inhibiting factors are generally insignificant and mainly technical or situational in nature.

Attendance management is an essential component in educational institutions, companies, and organizations to monitor the presence and punctuality of participants. Traditional attendance systems, such as manual signatures or identification cards, are prone to various issues including human error, time inefficiency, and identity fraud. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a smart attendance system using facial recognition technology based on Python and the OpenCV library. The system is designed to automatically detect and recognize faces in real time using a webcam or camera module. It employs computer vision techniques to capture facial images, extract unique features, and match them against a stored database of registered participants. Once the face is verified, the system records the attendance along with a timestamp, ensuring data accuracy and security. The development process involved several stages, including image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. OpenCV was utilized for image processing tasks, while Python provided the programming framework to integrate all components. To enhance recognition accuracy, the system applied techniques such as histogram equalization for lighting normalization and Haar Cascade classifiers for initial face detection. An experimental evaluation was conducted under various conditions, including different lighting environments and facial orientations. The results demonstrated that the system achieved an accuracy rate of 96% under normal lighting conditions, with only a small decrease in performance under dim or uneven lighting. These findings indicate that the system is reliable for practical applications, especially in controlled environments. Conclusion: The Python-based facial recognition attendance system offers a more efficient, secure, and accurate alternative to conventional attendance methods. Future improvements may include the integration of deep learning models to enhance recognition robustness in diverse real-world scenarios.

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the learning process at MAN 1 Kota Padang, specifically focusing on the preliminary, core, and closing stages. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through classroom observations, interviews with mathematics teachers in grades X and XI, and document analysis of teaching modules. Observation results show high effectiveness levels across all learning stages: preliminary activities reached 100% (grade X) and 80% (grade XI), core activities reached 85.71% (grade X) and 93.33% (grade XI), and closing activities reached 81.81% in both classes. The findings indicate that teachers have implemented learning stages in accordance with the characteristics of the Merdeka Curriculum through context-based learning and differentiated approaches. Learning takes place actively and is relevant to students' lives, although there are obstacles such as limited technology resources and difficulties faced by teachers in independently developing modules. Overall, the implementation of learning is considered effective in increasing student participation and strengthening character values. This study shows that the Merdeka Curriculum has great potential in improving the quality of education in madrasah with continuous support through training and adequate facility provision.    

This research aims to review the teaching tools used at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Kota Padang in order to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Observations were carried out for two months, focusing on analysis of learning documents, interviews with teachers, and direct observation of the learning process in the classroom. Observation results show that the teaching tools at MAN 2 Padang City have been prepared in accordance with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, including teaching modules, student worksheets, and formative assessments that support differentiated learning. The teachers at this madrasa show good adaptability to curriculum changes, by applying varied and contextual learning methods. Students also show a positive response to learning that is more interactive and relevant to everyday life. However, several challenges were found, such as the need for further training for teachers and the provision of more diverse learning resources. Overall, the teaching tools at MAN 2 Padang City support a more meaningful and student-centered learning process, in line with the objectives of the Independent Curriculum.  

This study aims to describe the process of planning Mathematics learning at SMA Negeri 12 Padang in implementing the Independent Curriculum. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with interview techniques and observations of Mathematics teachers. The results of the study showed that teaching tools, such as teaching modules, assessments, remedial programs, enrichment, olympiads, textbooks, teaching materials, and LKPD, were arranged systematically and adaptively according to student needs. Based on the results of observations, the teaching tools achieved a success percentage of 98.54% in grades X and XI. The teaching tools support meaningful, contextual learning, and improve student competence. Evaluation and development of teaching tools are carried out continuously to be relevant to curriculum developments.

This study aims to evaluate learning planning based on the Merdeka Curriculum and the 2013 Curriculum at MAN 1 Padang City. The method used is descriptive qualitative through field observation and in-depth interviews with mathematics teachers and vice principals of madrasahs for curriculum. The research instruments are in the form of observation guidelines and interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques are carried out descriptively with the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that teachers have compiled teaching tools such as RPP and teaching modules collaboratively and systematically. The assessment is carried out with a formative and summative approach and is accompanied by remedial and enrichment programs. The Olympiad program, use of books, LKPD, and teaching materials are also quite effective even though there are still obstacles such as limited time and variations in student abilities. In general, learning has led to a contextual and flexible approach. Thus it can be concluded that the Learning planning is very effective, namely 92,55%. Therefore, further training is needed to improve the quality of learning planning based on the Independent Curriculum.

This study aims to describe the implementation of mathematics learning based on the Independent Curriculum at MAN 2 Kota Padang, focusing on teacher-student interaction and the overall effectiveness of the learning process. The observation covered three main phases: introductory, core, and closing activities. A phenomenological approach was applied using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through direct classroom observations, interviews with mathematics teachers and students, as well as analysis of teaching documents. Instruments included Yes-No questionnaires, interview guidelines, and documentation review. The findings indicate that the learning process aligns with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, as reflected in the varied instructional strategies, active student engagement, and teacher readiness in applying learning modules. The effectiveness of learning was very high, with 95.21% in grade X and 92.99% in grade XI. Challenges included limited time and lack of participation from some students. Overall, the learning process fostered an active, meaningful environment that supports character development.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of learning at SMAN 12 Padang City, especially in the preliminary activities, core activities, and closing activities carried out by mathematics teachers while the teacher is teaching in class. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a descriptive design method. The research instruments used are interview guidelines, observation sheets, and documentation. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews with subject teachers, direct observation of the learning process in class, and analysis of learning device documents such as teaching modules and semester programs. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of learning at SMAN 12 Padang City has been going quite well, marked by the implementation of learning components in accordance with the Merdeka Curriculum. Based on the results of observations, the implementation of the learning achieved a success percentage of 81.22% in grades X and XI. However, several obstacles were found such as limited time in preparing teaching devices optimally and variations in the use of learning media. This study is expected to be a material for evaluation and improvement in the management of the learning process in schools.

This study aims to systematically examine the use  of interactive physics e-modules based in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students’ critical and creative thinking skills. The research method employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA protocol. Literature search was conducted through online databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, OneSearch, and Publish or Perish using keywords: “interactive e-module”, “problem-based learning”, “students’ critical thinking”, “students’ creative thingking”, and “physics learning media”. After applying inclusion-exclusion criteria, 30  relevant articles were selected for analysis. The findings indicate that PBL-based e-modules are effective in enhancing higher-order thinking skills, particularly in analyzing problems, providing logical arguments, and generating innovative solutions. Moreover, interavtive e-modules contribute significantly to increasing student motivation and active participation during the learning process. Therefore, the use of PBL-based interactive physics e-modules can serve as a strategic alternative for educational innovation in the digital era, especially in fortering students’ critical and creative thinking abilities.

This community service program titled "Building Entrepreneurial Spirit in Students Through Islamic Economic Literacy" was held on May 24, 2025, in Semarang under the Sharia Young Leader BSI Maslahat initiative. It aimed to empower underprivileged university students by integrating Islamic economic knowledge with personal motivation and spiritual development. The program applied a fun-learning approach to deliver modules on barakah (blessing), Islamic work ethics, fiqh muamalah, and Sharia-compliant contracts (akad), as well as motivational training based on the ESQ Matrix. A total of 51 participants underwent both pre- and post-tests, showing a significant knowledge increase from an average score of 62.39 to 84.58. Feedback indicated high satisfaction, with average scores above 5.7 out of 6 for both content and trainer performance. Participants appreciated the relevance and applicability of the material and suggested enhancements such as more interactive sessions and follow-up resources. The program successfully contributed to students’ understanding of ethical entrepreneurship and Islamic economic principles, supporting their role as future contributors to the Sharia economic ecosystem in Indonesia.

This study is a literature review that aims to identify and analyze the application of GeoGebra applications in learning geometric transformations at the high school level. Geometric transformation is a material that requires high spatial visualization skills, so learning media are needed that are able to present concepts in a concrete and interactive way. GeoGebra, as a dynamic mathematics application, is considered capable of facilitating student understanding through direct visualization of transformation processes such as translation, reflection, rotation, and dilation. The study was conducted by reviewing 11 relevant scientific articles, published in the last five to ten years, and meeting certain inclusion criteria. The results of the analysis show that the application of GeoGebra in learning has a positive impact, both cognitively, affectively, and technically. GeoGebra is able to improve students' understanding of concepts, learning motivation, and learning outcomes. The implementation strategy includes the development of e-modules, digital teaching materials, problem-based learning, and application usage training. Overall, GeoGebra has proven to be valid, practical, and effective in supporting more interesting and meaningful learning of geometric transformations.

College students face various academic, social, and adult transition pressures that can affect their psychological condition. Emotional regulation is a crucial skill to balance affective responses to stress. This service aims to improve the ability of student participants to regulate emotions to improve their psychological well-being. This activity began with observation to select participants who fit our research criteria, continued with the preparation of an easy-to-understand training module, and ended with socialization and training for student participants. The training was held on June 4, 2025 at the Bhayangkara University Campus, Jakarta Raya Room 403, Bekasi, West Java. The training evaluation showed an increase in participants' understanding in regulating their psychological well-being emotions. The positive impact of this program is that emotional regulation training helps create a more stable and healthy mental condition, which has a direct impact on improving the quality of life and learning achievement of students.

This research was motivated by the low storytelling ability of Class III students at SDN 75/VII Kasang Malintang. The purpose of this research is to determine the improvement in students' storytelling abilities in Indonesian Language Subjects through Finger Puppet Media in Class III of SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang. This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Class III students at SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang. This research was carried out in the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year in Class III of SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang. The results of this research are as follows (1) Efforts to improve students' storytelling abilities in Indonesian language subjects through finger puppet media in class III SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang are carried out through the learning planning stage which includes preparing teaching modules, finger puppet media, observation instruments, and storytelling ability tests. The implementation stage includes the implementation of storytelling learning using finger puppets. In the first meeting of each cycle, students tell stories in groups, and in the second meeting of each cycle, students tell stories individually. The final stage is an evaluation carried out by testing students' storytelling abilities and assessed based on assessment guidelines. (2) an increase in students' storytelling abilities resulted in an increase in teacher activity from cycle I and cycle II with an average score of 76.65 to 90 in the "Very Good" category.