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This study aims to analyze in depth the effectiveness of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and ethnomathematics in improving students’ mathematical abilities through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. This study is motivated by the low level of students’ conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and mathematical communication skills, which are still dominated by conventional teaching approaches. Data were collected from ten research articles relevant to the topics of RME and ethnomathematics. The analyzed articles employed various research methods, including experimental research, classroom action research, and research and development (R&D). The results of the review indicate that the implementation of RME is consistently effective in enhancing students’ mathematical abilities, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, mathematical communication, and mathematical literacy. The RME approach, which is based on real-life contexts, helps students understand mathematical concepts more deeply and meaningfully. In addition, the integration of culture through ethnomathematics strengthens the effectiveness of learning by providing contexts that are closely related to students’ daily lives, thereby increasing motivation, engagement, and active participation in the learning process.Furthermore, the findings reveal that the success of culture-based RME is influenced by instructional design, the selection of appropriate contexts, and the teacher’s role in managing the learning process. Therefore, culture-based RME can be considered an effective and relevant approach to improving the quality of mathematics education.

This study addresses the limited integration of environmental education, Islamic values, and creative learning practices in existing pedagogical models. It proposes an eco-friendly Islamic calligraphy approach as an innovative medium for recycling-based learning that promotes both ecological awareness and spiritual development. The study adopts a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design involving 22 students from diverse educational levels at Sanggar Bimbingan Bintang Sembilan. Data were collected through structured observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using an iterative qualitative framework to identify changes in students’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The findings indicate that students initially exhibited low environmental awareness, minimal engagement, and limited ability to utilize recyclable materials creatively. Following the intervention, there was a substantial increase in active participation, creative output, and conceptual understanding of environmental sustainability. Students also demonstrated observable behavioral shifts, particularly in waste reuse practices and environmental responsibility. In addition, the incorporation of Islamic values reinforced ethical awareness and strengthened students’ sense of stewardship toward the environment. This study contributes to the advancement of interdisciplinary learning by offering a contextual and practice-oriented model that integrates environmental education, religious values, and art-based pedagogy. The proposed approach not only enhances student engagement but also fosters holistic learning outcomes, making it a viable alternative to conventional instructional methods in sustainability education.

This study aims to analyze the strategic management evaluation of the Sundanese Language Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) in improving teacher performance at public senior high schools in Tasikmalaya City. The study focuses on leadership management, member participation, institutional support, and program relevance to teachers’ professional development needs. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving MGMP administrators, member teachers, school principals, and supervisors. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman interactive model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the MGMP management has generally functioned effectively as a professional learning community. Participatory leadership patterns encouraged collaboration among teachers in designing learning tools and solving classroom problems. However, several challenges were identified, including inconsistent program evaluation, limited technological integration, unequal member participation, and insufficient funding support. The study also found that MGMP programs significantly contributed to improving teachers’ pedagogical competence, especially in lesson planning and instructional implementation. Nevertheless, assessment and evaluation competencies still require further strengthening. This study concludes that strategic management, sustainable evaluation, and institutional support are essential in optimizing MGMP functions to improve teacher performance and the quality of Sundanese language learning.

This study examines customer churn prediction in subscription-based telecommunications from a digital marketing perspective using machine learning. The analysis utilizes a secondary dataset of 7,043 customer records that simulate behavioral, contractual, and financial attributes commonly found in telecom services. Three classification algorithms Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting are applied to model churn behavior. Data preprocessing includes handling missing values, encoding categorical variables, and splitting data into training and testing sets. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, recall, and ROC-AUC, with emphasis on recall due to its importance in identifying at-risk customers. The results show that Gradient Boosting achieves the highest overall performance with an ROC-AUC of 0.84, while Logistic Regression provides relatively higher recall. Key drivers of churn include short-term contracts, higher monthly charges, and lower service engagement. However, recall remains moderate, indicating limitations in capturing complex behavioral factors. These findings suggest the need to combine predictive models with behavioral insights and highlight the importance of early customer engagement and long-term retention strategies.

Digital transformation in the public sector encourages civil servants to utilize technology not only for administrative purposes but also to improve efficiency, accuracy, and work performance. This study examines the influence of Intelligent Learning-Based Training and Digital Training Components on the Digital Productivity of civil servants at the Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Regional Secretariat of Lampung Province, with Adaptive Competence serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a non-experimental survey design was applied, and data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to employees engaged in digital-based work activities. The data were analyzed using structural model testing procedures. The findings reveal that Intelligent Learning-Based Training does not significantly influence Adaptive Competence or Digital Productivity. Conversely, Digital Training Components positively and significantly affect both Adaptive Competence and Digital Productivity. Adaptive Competence also has a positive impact on Digital Productivity and mediates the relationship between Digital Training Components and Digital Productivity. However, Adaptive Competence does not mediate the relationship between Intelligent Learning-Based Training and Digital Productivity. These results indicate that civil servants’ digital productivity is more effectively improved through practical, relevant, accessible, and well-evaluated digital training programs than through intelligent learning systems alone. Therefore, public institutions are encouraged to develop digital training initiatives that align with employees’ daily work demands while strengthening their adaptive competence in responding to technological changes.

This study aims to (1) identify the effect of using the Direct Instruction learning model on the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo, (2) identify the effect of using the Inquiry Learning model on the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo,  (3) identify the effect of using the Project-Based Learning model on the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo, and (4) determine the most effective learning model among Direct Instruction, Inquiry Learning, and Project-Based Learning in improving the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo. This research is an experimental study using a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design, namely the one-group pretest–posttest design. In this design, a single group is given a pretest (O), followed by a treatment (X), and then a posttest. The effect of the treatment can be identified more accurately by comparing the pretest and posttest scores. The stages of the One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design include determining the sample, conducting a pretest to measure students’ initial conditions, administering the treatment, and finally conducting a posttest to identify the results of the treatment. The results of the analysis indicate that all three learning models have a positive effect on improving students’ discipline. The improvement is reflected in the overall mean score, which increased from 114.03 (pretest) to 117.99 (posttest). The improvement scores for each learning model are as follows: Direct Instruction showed a 4% increase by improving compliance through structured learning; Inquiry Learning encouraged independence and self-control through discovery processes with a 3% increase; while Project-Based Learning resulted in a 4% increase in discipline. Thus, it can be concluded that all learning models contribute to the development of discipline character values. These findings provide practical implications for physical education teachers in selecting character-based learning models that are more appropriate.

This study examines the role of the Karawang Cerdas Scholarship in fostering students’ responsibility and learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) among 11th-grade students at MAN 2 Karawang. The study was motivated by the importance of developing responsibility and learning motivation as essential objectives of Islamic education while exploring the scholarship’s contribution beyond financial assistance. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving scholarship recipients, PAI teachers, and program administrators. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the Karawang Cerdas Scholarship strengthens students’ academic responsibility, discipline, compliance with school regulations, awareness of maintaining the school’s reputation, and accountability in utilizing scholarship funds through the Statement of Absolute Responsibility (SPTJM). The program also enhances learning motivation, reflected in increased enthusiasm, active classroom participation, sustained academic achievement, and clearer educational goals. These improvements contribute to higher attendance, better PAI learning outcomes, fewer disciplinary violations, and the development of positive character traits. The study concludes that the Karawang Cerdas Scholarship functions not only as financial assistance but also as an effective instrument for character development and learning motivation.

The implementation of active learning models such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PjBL) at the junior high school level is often constrained by the complexity of instructional time management. This study aims to examine the role of the principal’s instructional leadership in addressing time management dilemmas in the implementation of active learning at SMP Negeri 6 Panyabungan. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed in this study. Data were collected through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants, namely the school principal and an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teacher selected as representatives of field conditions. The findings reveal three main results. First, teachers’ time management constraints are caused by weak control of learning activity transitions, noisy classroom conditions during group division, and low initial student learning readiness. Second, the principal implemented several concrete interventions, including the adoption of block scheduling, clinical supervision focused on classroom management, and the optimization of the Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) or school learning community. Third, these interventions improved teachers’ instructional efficiency, strengthened classroom activity control, and created a more structured active learning process. However, sustainability challenges remain, particularly resistance from senior teachers who tend to prefer conventional teaching methods. This study concludes that adaptive and solution-oriented instructional leadership is a key factor in addressing the complexity of time management constraints in active learning implementation.

This study aims to analyze the management of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to improve students’ discipline in performing congregational prayers at SDN 188 Simangambat. Learning management in PAI includes planning, implementation, and evaluation strategies carried out by teachers to instill religious values and develop students’ awareness of the importance of praying together. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to describe the role of PAI learning management in shaping students’ prayer discipline. The results indicate that effective PAI learning management can encourage students to perform congregational prayers regularly through teacher guidance, habituation programs, and a supportive school environment. Teachers play an important role as educators and role models in building students’ responsibility and obedience in carrying out religious activities. The implementation of structured learning activities, monitoring, and evaluation contributes to improving students’ discipline and spiritual character. Therefore, proper management of PAI learning is an important factor in developing students’ religious habits and strengthening Islamic character education in elementary schools.

Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami pelaksanaan pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) sebagai upaya meningkatkan pemahaman nilai-nilai Pancasila pada siswa kelas 5A di SDN 1 Bendogerit Kota Blitar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi pentingnya pendidikan karakter berlandaskan Pancasila dalam membentuk generasi berakhlak, disiplin, dan bertanggung jawab di tengah tantangan globalisasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode wawancara terpusat dan observasi langsung terhadap guru serta proses pembelajaran. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan guru berperan aktif sebagai teladan dalam membentuk nilai disiplin, tanggung jawab, kerja sama, sopan santun, dan kejujuran siswa. Penguatan nilai Pancasila juga didukung budaya sekolah melalui program pagi rutin dan kegiatan literasi berkelanjutan. Faktor pendukung utama ialah keteladanan guru dan lingkungan yang kondusif, sedangkan tantangan meliputi kebutuhan siswa yang beragam serta keterbatasan sarana digital. This study aims to understand the implementation of Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) as an effort to enhance students’ understanding of Pancasila values among fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Bendogerit, Blitar City. The research is motivated by the importance of character education based on Pancasila in shaping a generation that is virtuous, disciplined, and responsible amid the challenges of globalization. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, using focused interviews and direct classroom observations involving teachers and the learning process. Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing systematically. The results indicate that teachers play an active role as role models in cultivating students’ values of discipline, responsibility, cooperation, politeness, and honesty. The reinforcement of Pancasila values is also supported by the school culture through regular morning programs and continuous literacy activities. The main supporting factors include teacher exemplarity and a conducive school environment, while challenges involve diverse student needs and limited digital learning facilities. 

Student character building is an important goal in the education system, particularly in Christian Religious Education (CRE) which emphasizes not only cognitive aspects but also the development of moral and spiritual values. However, various character issues such as low discipline, responsibility, and social awareness remain challenges in the school environment. Therefore, a learning strategy is needed that can integrate Biblical values contextually into the educational process. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on Matthew 11:28–30 in shaping student character at SMP Negeri 1 Moro’o, West Nias Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving Christian Religious Education teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that the values contained in Matthew 11:28–30, such as love, humility, gentleness, and peace of mind, can be implemented through contextual learning strategies, teacher role models, and reflective learning. The implementation of these strategies contributes to student character building, especially in improving attitudes of discipline, responsibility, and concern for others. The novelty of this research lies in the development of a learning strategy framework based on theological analysis of Matthew 11:28–30 which is practically integrated into Christian Religious Education learning to shape students' character.

This study aims to explore the implementation of creative learning through pipe cleaner crafts among children of Indonesian migrant workers at Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Baru, Malaysia. The study adopts a qualitative research approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the learning process and participants’ experiences in a non-formal educational setting. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving 26 children aged between 4 and 13 years old. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the implementation of craft-based learning significantly enhances students’ engagement, creativity, and social interaction. The use of pipe cleaner materials encourages active participation and allows children to express their ideas through hands-on activities. In addition, the learning process fosters collaboration among students, contributing to the development of social skills. However, challenges were identified, particularly related to differences in age and levels of understanding among participants.

This study aims to develop a Puzzle Book learning media for the topic of angle measurement and to examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness for third-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model and involved 26 third-grade students as participants. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests, which were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that the Puzzle Book obtained a validity score of 98.0% from media experts and 100% from material experts, both categorized as highly valid. Student responses reached 100%, indicating that the media is highly practical and engaging. Furthermore, the analysis of learning outcomes revealed a gain score of 0.9187 in the high category, demonstrating that the Puzzle Book effectively improves students’ problem-solving abilities in angle measurement. Overall, the Puzzle Book learning media is highly feasible, practical, and effective for classroom implementation, as its interactive design and alignment with third-grade learning characteristics help students understand angle concepts more concretely, enjoyably, and meaningfully.

Biology learning in Indonesia is still predominantly teacher-centered, limiting students’ opportunities to actively develop critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and other 21st-century competencies. Students often receive information passively, resulting in low engagement and limited ability to apply concepts in real-life contexts. Therefore, innovative learning models are needed to support more meaningful and student-centered learning. This study aims to review the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in Biology education and analyze its contribution to the development of students’ 21st-century skills. The study employed a literature review method by analyzing 20 research articles published between 2022 and 2026. Articles were obtained through Google Scholar searches and selected based on relevance to Biology education, focus on PjBL implementation, and open-access availability. Data collection involved identification, screening, selection, and documentation of related studies, while data analysis used a qualitative descriptive approach. The findings indicate that PjBL effectively improves students’ cognitive achievement, conceptual understanding, scientific literacy, creativity, and critical thinking skills. In addition, PjBL enhances collaboration, communication, problem-solving abilities, learning motivation, and life skills through contextual and authentic project activities. Students become more actively involved in investigating real-world problems, designing solutions, and producing meaningful learning outputs. Furthermore, the integration of STEM approaches, digital media, blended learning, and Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) strengthens the effectiveness of PjBL in Biology learning. Overall, PjBL is highly relevant for supporting the Merdeka Curriculum and improving the quality of Biology education in developing 21st-century competencies.

This study focuses on examining the effect of using the cooperative learning model type Teams Games Tournament (TGT) assisted by Kahoot in optimizing students’ problem-solving skills. The research method applied was Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted through several cycles with stages including planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of class X.B at SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja. The results of the study indicate a significant improvement in students’ problem-solving abilities after the implementation of the TGT model assisted by Kahoot. In cycle II, the students’ average score reached 88.15, with a learning mastery level of 84.21%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the majority of students had met the minimum learning mastery indicators. In addition, the learning process became more active, interactive, and enjoyable, which increased student engagement in the classroom. In conclusion, the cooperative learning model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) assisted by the Kahoot application has a positive impact on improving students’ problem-solving abilities. Therefore, the use of game-based digital learning models and media is recommended to enhance the quality of both the learning process and learning outcomes.

This study aims to examine the effects of applying a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method combined with PhET simulation tools on enhancing critical thinking skills among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Singaraja when learning vibration and wave topics. It adopted a quasi-experimental approach with a Pretest-Posttest setup and non-equivalent control group design. The participant cohort comprised 75 students distributed across two groups: the treatment group (n=38) who engaged in learning activities using PBL supplemented by PhET simulation, and the comparison group (n=37) who received PBL instruction without PhET simulation support. Data collection was conducted through essay-type assessment instruments containing 7 questions designed to evaluate critical thinking competencies based on Ennis' theoretical framework. Data processing employed descriptive statistical analysis, N-Gain Score computation and ANCOVA testing were conducted at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed the treatment group's average Posttest score at 84, compared to 66 for the control group. The ANCOVA produced an F-value of 103.701 (p < 0.001), confirming a statistically significant difference in critical thinking skills between the groups. The adjusted mean Posttest scores were 83.99 for the treatment group and 66.01 for the comparison group, reflecting a differential of 17.99 points. Consequently, the findings substantiate that the integration of PBL with PhET simulation demonstrates greater effectiveness in fostering students' critical thinking skills in comparison to conventional PBL implementation without technology-enhanced simulation assistance.

This systematic literature study conducts a comparative analysis of Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in manufacturing, and proposes an integrated hybrid model. The research concludes that RCM and TPM are fundamentally distinct methodologies: RCM excels in risk-based, analytical management of complex, high-criticality assets, while TPM is superior for achieving broad-based productivity gains and cultural empowerment through total employee involvement. The effectiveness of each approach is contingent upon factors such as asset characteristics, organizational culture, data availability, and level of automation. To leverage their complementary strengths, the study proposes the Synergistic RCM-TPM Hybrid Model (SRTHM). This framework advocates for a sequential implementation where TPM establishes the foundational operational stability, discipline, and data culture, upon which selective RCM analysis is applied to critical assets for precision risk management. The model incorporates explicit feedback mechanisms to create a continuous organizational learning cycle. The study provides a contingency framework for methodology selection and a practical roadmap for integration, offering theoretical and practical guidance for building more resilient and context-appropriate maintenance systems in modern manufacturing.

This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the influence of the project based learning model assisted by four square on the ability to write argumentative texts of class XI students of SMA Negeri 12 Semarang and its implications in learning to write. The method used in this study is a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with the nonequivalent posttest-only control group design. This design was chosen to determine the difference in the ability to write argumentative texts between students taught using the project based learning model assisted by four square and students taught with ordinary or conventional learning models. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of the project based learning model assisted by four square on students' argumentative text writing skills through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test of 115.500, a Z value of -4.973, and a significance value (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed) of <0.001. Because the significance is smaller than 0.05, the null hypothesis (H₀) is rejected. It can be said that there was a significant difference between the results of the argumentative text writing test of students in the experimental class and the control class. Based on this, the application of the project based learning model assisted by four square can be used as an alternative learning model that has a positive influence on the ability to write argumentative texts of class XI students and has implications for writing learning.

This study was motivated by students’ low conceptual understanding of temperature, heat, and thermal expansion at SMP Negeri 28 Batanghari, where learning achievement remained below 50%. Instruction predominantly used PowerPoint-based media, resulting in passive learning and limited contextual engagement. This study aimed to develop web-based interactive multimedia (GlidesApps) integrated with Cepak Kapung ethnoscience that is valid, practical, and effective in improving seventh-grade students’ conceptual understanding. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using a development model consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The resulting product, named LokaSains, is a web-based learning application accessible via smartphone, laptop, or computer without installation. It presents learning content on temperature, heat, and thermal expansion integrated with the ethnoscience of Cepak Kapung, a traditional cake from Batanghari Regency. Content expert validation obtained a score of 91.07% (very valid), while media expert validation reached 87.50% (very feasible) after two revisions. Teacher practicality assessment produced 98.33% (very practical), and student responses in small-group and large-group trials reached 94% and 90.35%, respectively (very good). During implementation with 28 seventh-grade students, the mean pretest score increased from 46.07 to 76.79 in the posttest. A paired samples t-test produced t = −13.053 with Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference in conceptual understanding before and after using the multimedia. The N-Gain score of 0.57 indicated moderate effectiveness in improving learning outcomes. Accordingly, the LokaSains interactive multimedia is considered valid, highly practical, and effective for teaching temperature, heat, and thermal expansion at junior high school level.

Predictive maintenance (PdM) plays a crucial role in modern industrial systems by minimizing downtime, reducing maintenance costs, and optimizing asset performance. However, many predictive models operate as “black box” systems, limiting transparency and making it difficult for operators to interpret their outputs. This study aims to integrate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques with Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction models to improve both accuracy and interpretability. Various machine learning and deep learning approaches, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), are employed to predict RUL using real-time sensor data from rotating machinery. XAI methods such as SHAP, LIME, and attention mechanisms are applied to provide human-understandable explanations of model predictions. The models are evaluated based on accuracy, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and interpretability scores. The results show that XAI-enhanced models outperform traditional approaches in predictive performance while offering greater transparency. These explanations help maintenance engineers better understand the factors influencing predictions, thereby improving decision-making and trust in the system. Nevertheless, the integration of XAI introduces additional computational complexity, which may pose challenges for large-scale industrial implementation. Overall, this study highlights the potential of combining XAI with RUL prediction to develop more reliable, transparent, and effective predictive maintenance solutions.