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Genocide is one of the most serious crimes in international law, regulated by various legal instruments such as the 1948 Genocide Convention and the 1998 Rome Statute. This crime involves the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a group based on race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality. This study aims to analyze the role of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in enforcing genocide law and identify the obstacles in applying individual criminal responsibility. Additionally, mechanisms for resolving genocide disputes through peaceful and legal means in international law are discussed. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, analyzing international legal documents and case studies. The results show that although the ICC has jurisdiction to try genocide cases, law enforcement processes often face political challenges, particularly the UN Security Council veto power and state sovereignty. In conclusion, international efforts to address genocide require stronger cross-country cooperation and enhanced legal mechanisms to overcome political and diplomatic challenges.

The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung or MA) plays a central role in upholding the principle of justice as the final stronghold in Indonesia's judicial system. This article examines the role of the MA in ensuring substantive justice, efficiency, and transparency in judicial processes, as well as its contribution to the development of law and public policy. Using a qualitative review analysis approach, the discussion explores the MA’s functions in case resolution, safeguarding integrity, improving accessibility through technologies like e-court, and addressing globalization challenges. This article also highlights the MA's protection for vulnerable groups, such as indigenous communities and victims of discrimination, and its responses to cross-border issues like cybercrimes and human rights violations. The conclusion reveals that while the MA has made significant progress in enforcing the law, challenges such as case overload, perceptions of corruption, and gaps in access to justice remain critical concerns. Continuous reforms, enhancing judges' professionalism, and technological innovation are key measures to ensure the MA remains relevant and effective in delivering substantive justice for society.

This study critically examines access to justice for minors who are victims of rape in the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, with a special focus on the human rights perspective. This study is motivated by the high number of cases of sexual violence against children and the complexity of handling them in the Indonesian legal system. The research problem is how to protect human rights for minors who are victims of rape in the law enforcement system in Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative normative legal research by analyzing legal doctrine and related legislation. The research method used is qualitative normative legal research, namely examining various laws and regulations and related literature to understand legal principles and their implementation in the field. The results of the study show that in terms of legal-normative, the protection of children's human rights is regulated in various national and international laws and regulations. However, there are several challenges in its implementation in the field such as limited understanding of law enforcement officers, facilities, and implementing regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen socialization, legal frameworks and implementation facilities, and continuous evaluation in order to realize universal protection of children's human rights. This study identifies systemic challenges faced by victims in seeking justice, including child-unfriendly legal procedures, lack of psychosocial support, and persistent social stigma. The study’s main findings indicate significant gaps between international human rights standards on child protection and practices on the ground. This study argues for a comprehensive reform of Indonesia’s criminal justice system to better accommodate the needs and rights of child victims, including the provision of specialized legal assistance, increased sensitivity of law enforcement officers, and the development of recovery-centered justice mechanisms. This study offers concrete recommendations for system improvement, which are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, legal practitioners, and other stakeholders in efforts to improve access to justice for child rape victims in Indonesia.  

This writing aims to describe how the importance of the role of Axiology in planning sustainable economic growth, especially in preventing adverse impacts that can occur in the future. This study is a literature review using a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. conducting document study data collection techniques where the process of searching for data through internet media to obtain information based on references, journals, articles or books online related to the object of analysis. The results of this study show that the concept of axiology in Islamic economic philosophy not only has a role in directing individual behavior in economic activities, but also seeks to build a more just and sustainable economic system. The current economic development is not enough to be fully felt by the community. So that the integration of the values of Justice, Ethics and Welfare has not been fully realized. Therefore, the existence of SDG is a planned agenda that aims to prosper the community through the development of the Social, Economic, Environmental and governance sectors carried out by the government.

Prior to the Third Amendment of the 1945 Constitution implemented in 2001, there were no rules governing how to resolve conflicts about the constitutional authority of state institutions in the context of Indonesian constitutionalism. In addition, there was no entity that had the authority to decide cases related to the constitutional authority of these institutions. After the Third Amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the Constitutional Court began to be used as a tool to resolve disputes related to the constitutional authority of state institutions. In the event of a dispute regarding constitutional authority, the Indonesian constitutional system provides a way to deal with state institutions when interpreting constitutional orders. In the event of such disputes, this type of research falls under the category of normative research. Constitutional disputes should always be based on the constitution as a clear and consistent source of the Constitutional Court, the public and state institutions can better understand the constitutional boundaries that apply. This is important to create a more effective legal system, where all parties, whether the government, society, or other state institutions, can carry out their roles in accordance with agreed constitutional principles. Therefore, constitutional justice upheld by the Constitutional Court does not only apply to certain cases, but also provides a clear direction for the development of state administration in Indonesia.  

This community service program aims to improve the understanding and application of Pancasila values, especially the fifth principle, in promoting social justice for employees. Through a series of socialization and discussion activities, this program focuses on employee awareness of the importance of social justice in the work environment. The results of this activity show an increase in employee understanding of the application of Pancasila values ​​in work relationships, which is expected to create a fairer and more harmonious work atmosphere. This program emphasizes that the application of Pancasila values ​​in the world of work is a strategic step to realize social justice for all employees.

This paper examines distributive justice within the framework of Islamic economics, exploring its philosophical underpinnings and practical implications.  It analyzes the Islamic concept of justice ( adl ), focusing on its application to the distribution of wealth and resources.  The study delves into the core principles of Islamic economics, such as zakat, waqf, riba prohibition, and the concept of khalifah (stewardship), and how these contribute to a more equitable distribution of wealth.  Furthermore, it investigates the philosophical arguments supporting distributive justice in Islam, drawing upon Islamic jurisprudence and ethical traditions.  The paper concludes by discussing the practical challenges and opportunities in implementing distributive justice principles in contemporary economic systems, considering both micro and macro-economic perspectives.

The ecumenical movement seeks to unite churches divided in denomination, doctrine, and practice, while fighting for peace and social justice. This article reviews the history, theological foundations, and application of ecumenism in the church's mission. This movement was born from the need for Christian unity, realized in Indonesia through the formation of the Fellowship of Churches in Indonesia (PGI) to strengthen cross-denominational fellowship. Its theological foundation is poured into Jesus' prayer for unity and the Great Commission. In addition to unity, ecumenism supports social justice as a manifestation of Christ's love. The main challenges include doctrinal differences, leader-congregation disputes, cultural differences, and political pressure. Inclusive ecumenical education and congregational participation are the keys to realizing church unity in facing pluralism and social challenges.

This study analyzes the role of the concept of monotheism and justice in the Islamic economic system through a literature study. The focus of the study is to explore how theological foundations can transform the conventional economic paradigm into a more just and sustainable system. The results show that the integration of monotheism and justice creates an economic model that pays attention to material and spiritual welfare, with instruments such as zakat as a redistribution mechanism. The study identifies challenges in implementing Islamic economics and offers strengthening strategies through education, policy, and technological innovation. In conclusion, Islamic economics has the potential to present a more just and inclusive economic system in the modern era.

This research aims to evaluate and examine the authority of banks in protecting customers from banking crimes based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority which still does not fully cover the principle of justice. This research also aims to reconstruct the legal role of banks in providing protection to customers from banking crimes with the principle of justice. The approach method used in this research is a normative legal approach (normative juridical), which refers to legal research that uses analysis of library materials or secondary data. The results show that banking, as an institution that relies on public trust, must provide guarantees to the public. Banks must also be able to maintain the confidentiality of information regarding customers and their savings. Therefore, it is important to continue to supervise and develop banking institutions so that they can function efficiently, fairly, competitively, and can maintain and protect funds deposited by customers.    

This paper aims to instill the value of social justice inspired by the encyclical Rerum Novarum issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891 in response to the social and economic conditions resulting from the Industrial Revolution in Europe. It offers Christian values for creating a more just and humane social order. The values outlined in the encyclical not only address the context of the Industrial Revolution but are also relevant to contemporary life. In this context, they can be applied to the life at Sang Timur Dormitory in Malang. The purpose of this article is to assist the parties at Sang Timur Dormitory in Malang and readers in understanding the values of social justice in everyday life.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of criminal procedural law in ensuring justice for defendants and victims. Criminal procedural law has an important role in ensuring that the defendant's rights, such as the presumption of innocence and the right to self-defense, are fulfilled. On the other hand, this law must also protect the rights of victims, including providing justice and adequate recovery. However, in practice, there are various challenges that hinder its implementation, such as wrongful arrest, manipulation of the legal process, and lack of sensitivity towards victims. Using normative research methods, this study analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and concrete cases to assess the effectiveness of criminal procedural law.  The research results show that the implementation of criminal procedural law in Indonesia still faces various obstacles, such as weak implementation of fair trial principles, slow legal processes, and lack of professionalism of law enforcement officials. This condition makes it difficult to achieve a balance of justice for the defendant and victim. This research recommends reforming the legal system, increasing the capacity of the apparatus, and strengthening victim protection mechanisms as an effort to increase the effectiveness of criminal procedural law in ensuring substantive justice.

This research aims to analyze the application of the principle of Convenientes ex Universo in the cross-subsidy scholarship program organized by the Bina Wirawan Foundation. This study is based on the understanding that the Catholic Church, through the encyclical Convenientes ex Universo, places great emphasis on the importance of social justice, including in the field of education. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through interviews. The research findings indicate that the cross-subsidy scholarship program at the Bina Wirawan Foundation successfully embodies the social justice values taught by the church. This program not only provides financial support but also creates an inclusive learning environment and fosters a spirit of solidarity among the students. However, this research also identifies several challenges faced, namely limited funding and the lack of participation from students coming from affluent families. The implication of this research is the importance of collaboration between various parties to ensure the sustainability and success of the cross-subsidy scholarship program in achieving educational justice.

The concepts of justice and peace in Islam are fundamental elements that underlie the social, political and moral structure in Islamic society. Justice (al-'Adl) in Islam includes not only legal or distributive justice, but also social and spiritual justice which demands a balance between individual rights and collective interests. This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of these two concepts in creating a harmonious and civilized society, as well as how Muslims can contribute to creating a better world. This research is descriptive-analytic in nature, namely describing and analyzing in depth how Islam views justice and peace based on available sources. Following are the research steps: Determine the main research theme (justice and peace), collect data sources, read and analyze relevant texts, identify Islamic principles related to justice and peace. These principles of justice are strengthened by the teachings of the Koran and Sunnah which emphasize the importance of equal treatment, eliminating injustice and fulfilling human rights. Peace (as-Salam) in Islam is not only interpreted as the absence of conflict, but as a state of harmony rooted in justice and a sense of social responsibility. This research can provide deeper insight into the concept of justice in Islam. Islam teaches that justice is not only applied in the context of human relationships with God, but also in relationships between humans. This research can examine how these principles of justice can be applied in various contexts of daily life, including government, economics and social relations.

Parate Eksekusi Jaminan Jaminan Fidusia oleh kreditur seringkali melanggar hak-hak dari pada debitur yang menyamakan Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia dengan irah-irah “Demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan yang maha Esa” yang disamakan dengan Putusan Pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor: 18/PUU/XVII/2019 parate eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia tidak lagi dapat langsung dilakukan oleh kreditur terhadap debitur apabila tidak ada kesepakatan mengenai cidera janji dan debitur menyerahkan Obyek Jaminan Fidusia secara sukarela melainkan fiat pengadilan, oleh karenanya dilakukan Kembali judicial review terhadap pasal 15 ayat (2) dan penjelasan pasal 15 ayat (2) Undang-undang tentang Jaminan Fidusia oleh Tuan Joshua Michael Djami, dan Mahkamah Konstitusi telah memmutus dengan Putusannya nomor: 2/PUU/XIX/2021. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah: 1). Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum terhadap debitur dalam eksekusi jaminan Fidusia berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor: 2/PUU/XIX/2021? 2) Bagaimana Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Putusan mahkamah Konstitusi nomor: 2/PUU/XIX/2021?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi yang digunakan adalah bersifat deskriptif Analitis. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa debitur terlindungi dari pelaksanaan parate eksekusi jaminan Fidusia oleh kreditur karena parate eksekusi tidak dapat dilakukan apabila tidak ada kesepakatan dengan debitur sehingga terwujudlah perlindungan, keseimbangan dan kepastian hukum bagi debitur dalam eksekusi jaminan Fidusia.

Parate Eksekusi Jaminan Jaminan Fidusia oleh kreditur seringkali melanggar hak-hak dari pada debitur yang menyamakan Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia dengan irah-irah “Demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan yang maha Esa” yang disamakan dengan Putusan Pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor: 18/PUU/XVII/2019 parate eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia tidak lagi dapat langsung dilakukan oleh kreditur terhadap debitur apabila tidak ada kesepakatan mengenai cidera janji dan debitur menyerahkan Obyek Jaminan Fidusia secara sukarela melainkan fiat pengadilan, oleh karenanya dilakukan Kembali judicial review terhadap pasal 15 ayat (2) dan penjelasan pasal 15 ayat (2) Undang-undang tentang Jaminan Fidusia oleh Tuan Joshua Michael Djami, dan Mahkamah Konstitusi telah memmutus dengan Putusannya nomor: 2/PUU/XIX/2021. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah: 1). Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum terhadap debitur dalam eksekusi jaminan Fidusia berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor: 2/PUU/XIX/2021? 2) Bagaimana Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Putusan mahkamah Konstitusi nomor: 2/PUU/XIX/2021?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi yang digunakan adalah bersifat deskriptif Analitis. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa debitur terlindungi dari pelaksanaan parate eksekusi jaminan Fidusia oleh kreditur karena parate eksekusi tidak dapat dilakukan apabila tidak ada kesepakatan dengan debitur sehingga terwujudlah perlindungan, keseimbangan dan kepastian hukum bagi debitur dalam eksekusi jaminan Fidusia.

Pernikahan di bawah umur masih menjadi fenomena yang memerlukan perhatian khusus di Indonesia. Meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 menetapkan usia minimal pernikahan 19 tahun, masih terdapat permohonan dispensasi nikah yang diajukan ke pengadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab pengajuan dispensasi nikah, pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan permohonan tersebut, serta akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, penelitian ini mengandalkan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab pengajuan dispensasi nikah meliputi kehamilan di luar nikah, kondisi ekonomi dan sosial, budaya, kurangnya pendidikan, serta keinginan calon mempelai. Pertimbangan hakim mencakup kematangan fisik dan mental calon mempelai, serta aspek keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan hukum. Akibat hukum dari dikabulkannya permohonan dispensasi nikah meliputi pengakuan legalitas pernikahan, pencatatan perkawinan, serta munculnya hak dan kewajiban hukum bagi pasangan. Sebaliknya, penolakan permohonan mengakibatkan tidak diizinkannya pernikahan sesuai ketentuan undang-undang. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya pertimbangan yang cermat dalam pemberian dispensasi nikah untuk melindungi kepentingan anak dan menjaga keseimbangan antara hukum dan realitas sosial.

This study aims to analyze the concepts of solidarity and social justice from the perspective of the Catholic Church as taught in the Octogesima Adveniens. The Church's social teachings, especially those related to solidarity and social justice, have an important role in encouraging the formation of a more just and humane society. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to analyze the main texts in Octogesima Adveniens as well as other relevant documents of the Church's social teachings. Content analysis was conducted to explore the concepts of solidarity and social justice contained in the encyclical, as well as its relation to the social, economic and political challenges of the time. The results show that the teachings in Octogesima Adveniens are still very relevant to be applied in dealing with the problem of social inequality in the modern world, with an emphasis on the importance of active participation of the faithful in changing unjust social structures. Solidarity and social justice, according to the Church, are not just a matter of theory, but also require real action to realize more just social change. The study concludes that the Church has an important role in guiding Catholics to realize a more inclusive and just society, and provides recommendations for the application of the principles of the Church's social teachings in today's socio-political context.

Protection and recognition of human rights is the responsibility of the state as a consequence of its status as a country of law. Every individual, including the poor who face legal problems, has the right to receive equal treatment before the law. Access to justice is a fundamental right of every citizen, but the poor often face various obstacles in obtaining legal aid. Legal aid for the poor is guaranteed by the constitution, but its implementation still faces various obstacles. The purpose of writing this journal is to enrich the literature related to the implementation and optimization of legal aid for the poor based on Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid. This study uses a literature study approach by reviewing primary and secondary legal materials and analyzing them through various theories, doctrines, and legal principles. The results of this study are expected to contribute to increasing access to justice for the poor in Indonesia.

In accordance with the title, we created this journal with the aim of preventing bullying, especially among teenagers, because currently there are many cases of bullying among teenagers ranging from elementary school, junior high school, to high school. Not infrequently the consequences of this bullying are life-threatening. Preventing bullying is one example of bullying behavior. By using counseling methods in the adolescent play environment where bullying often occurs, if not handled quickly, bullying cases will claim more victims, the perpetrators cannot be controlled and the victims live uneasy.