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Early Childhood Education (PAUD) or Kindergarten (TK) is an important level of education in building the foundations for children's overall development, covering aspects of religious and moral values, physical-motor skills, cognitive skills, language, social-emotional skills, and the arts. The development of PAUD/TK currently shows a positive trend, as seen in the increasing public awareness, number of institutions, and participation of children aged 4–6 years. However, challenges still arise, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, variations in educator competence, differences in access to services between regions, and the need for stimulation at home. Competition among early childhood education institutions is quite fierce, driving innovation in learning quality, teacher competence, facilities, and flagship programs. In this context, marketing management plays a strategic role in building the institution's image, conveying information about educational services, identifying community needs, and increasing the institution's competitiveness in an ethical and sustainable manner. TK Muslimat NU Pakembaran, as a religious-based PAUD institution, plays an important role in developing children's development and instilling Islamic values. Although the marketing strategy is still simple and predominantly based on a familial approach and word-of-mouth promotion, these efforts are effective in building community trust and loyalty. In the future, strengthening a more systematic marketing management can increase competitiveness, expand the reach of information, and support the sustainability of the institution in providing quality, religious, and character-building early childhood education services.

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing through Instagram on purchasing decisions at UMKM Jamu Bu Bekti in Karawang Regency. The research uses a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers who have seen or purchased the products. The data analysis technique applied is regression analysis to examine the relationship between marketing content and promotional variables on consumer purchasing decisions.The results show that marketing content shared on Instagram does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. However, the content is considered quite attractive, informative, and helpful in providing product information to consumers. On the other hand, promotion has a positive and significant impact on increasing consumer interest and encouraging purchasing decisions. This indicates that consumers are more responsive to promotional strategies such as discounts, bonuses, or special offers rather than relying solely on content quality.These findings suggest that promotional strategies play a crucial role in digital marketing, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, business owners are advised to focus more on creating attractive, creative, and targeted promotional activities on social media to boost sales. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective, efficient, and sustainable digital marketing strategies for SMEs in the future.

ABSTRACT Family dynamics such as prolonged conflicts, the existence of domestic violence, divorce, and the absence of one parent figure in the family, have become international issues. Children are often victims of parental problems. Parents often vent their emotions to their children in the form of verbal and non-verbal violence. There are still many parents who think that educating children with violence is a way to discipline children. In this study, the approach method applied is a normative juridical approach by examining data obtained from books, journals, the internet, laws and regulations, or scientific papers related to this writing. Based on the results of the study, we know that by 2025, Indonesia will have recorded 2,416 cases of violence committed by parents, based on data that occurred during the official SIMFONI-PPA period.  Children have the right to be able to live a prosperous life and be guaranteed their growth and development in the future. But in practice, parents are still very irresponsible for it. In overcoming these problems, the Indonesian government and the international community have made efforts with regulations and institutions related to the protection of children's rights. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study emphasizes the importance of improving the protection of children's rights in family dynamics based on the framework of Indonesian and International Law.   Keywords: family dynamics, protection of children's rights, challenges and obstacles.

Surabaya is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia with significant potential for the development of sports performance and the improvement of public health quality. The advancement of modern sports requires a sport science–based approach that integrates training, health, technology, and research aspects. However, the lack of integrated sport science facilities remains a major challenge. Therefore, proper site selection is a crucial factor in the design of a Sport Science Center. This study aims to formulate appropriate site selection criteria for the design of a Sport Science Center in Surabaya. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, employing literature studies, site observations, and comparative analysis of alternative sites based on predetermined criteria. The results indicate that the main site selection criteria include accessibility, proximity to supporting facilities, compliance with spatial planning regulations, environmental conditions, land area, and future development potential. Based on the analysis, the Middle East Ring Road (MERR) area in Surabaya is considered the most suitable location for the development of a Sport Science Center.

This study aims to develop a storytelling-based learning media in the form of a YouTube video to support students’ understanding of narrative text based on their learning needs. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE model, focusing on the stages of analysis and development. The data were collected through a questionnaire as part of the needs analysis to identify students’ responses toward listening and repetition activities, as well as the difficulties they face in understanding narrative texts. The results show that students generally respond positively to listening and repetition. However, they still experience difficulties in understanding the storyline and vocabulary. The findings also indicate that students need learning support in the form of audio, visual elements, and vocabulary assistance. Based on these findings, a learning product was developed in the form of a YouTube-based digital storytelling video entitled “Learn Narrative Text Through Fun Storytelling (Listen, Repeat & Retell)”. The video integrates storytelling, repetition, vocabulary explanation, and speaking practice to support students’ comprehension. Due to time limitations, this study was limited to the development of a prototype and has not yet included expert validation. Therefore, future research is recommended to conduct validation to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed product.

The Regional Public Library of Sidoarjo Regency plays an important role as a public facility in supporting the development of community literacy. Along with population growth and the advancement of the education sector, the library is required to provide spaces that are comfortable, safe, and inclusive for all users. However, existing conditions indicate various architectural problems that potentially hinder the optimal function of the library. This study aims to identify architectural issues at the Regional Public Library of Sidoarjo Regency, including building conditions, spatial layout, user comfort, and the availability of thematic literacy facilities and inclusive spaces. The research method employed observation and literature review. Field observation was conducted to document the actual conditions of the building and library facilities, while the literature review focused on library standards, building regulations, and relevant architectural theories. The results show that although the library building is structurally adequate, the quality of space has not fully met the required standards of comfort, safety, and functionality. The spatial arrangement remains conventional and lacks flexibility, limiting its ability to support diverse literacy activities. In addition, thematic literacy facilities and the application of inclusive design principles are still limited. This study concludes that architectural development efforts are needed, focusing on improving spatial quality, implementing adaptive spatial planning, and providing more diverse and inclusive literacy facilities. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for future development planning of the Regional Public Library of Sidoarjo Regency in order to enhance its role as an educational public space and a community literacy center.

Stunting is one of the chronic nutritional problems that remains a major challenge in health development in Indonesia. This condition not only affects children’s physical growth but also influences cognitive development, productivity, and the quality of human resources in the future. The government has developed various policies to accelerate the reduction of stunting through specific and sensitive intervention approaches implemented in an integrated manner across sectors. Semarang, as one of the urban areas in Indonesia, has also implemented these policies through various health, nutrition, sanitation, and community empowerment programs. This study aims to analyze the policies of specific and sensitive interventions in addressing stunting in Semarang and to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of their implementation. This research uses a qualitative approach with a policy study method through document analysis, observation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders such as the health office, community health centers, and other local government agencies. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by examining program integration, inter-agency coordination, and community participation in policy implementation. The results show that the implementation of specific and sensitive intervention policies in Semarang has been carried out through various programs such as maternal and child nutrition services, improved access to sanitation, health education, and family empowerment. However, several challenges remain, including suboptimal cross-sector coordination, limited resources, and varying levels of public understanding regarding stunting prevention. Therefore, strengthening policy governance, improving synergy among institutions, and enhancing community participation are necessary to ensure that efforts to accelerate stunting reduction can be implemented more effectively and sustainably.

Based on data from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations), it has been predicted that the aquaculture subsector will become one of the most relied-upon resources in the future, especially in meeting food needs, fish-based nutritional needs, and empowering the global community's economy (FAO, 2016). Catfish is a type of freshwater fish that can grow and develop well because it can be cultivated in limited land areas (Marsela, 2018). The frequency of feeding is one of the important factors that need to be considered in catfish farming. To determine the effect of different feeding frequencies on the absolute weight of dumbo catfish, a study was conducted using an experimental design called the Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 3 treatments and a total of 8 replications. The test treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 (feeding twice a day), Treatment 2 (feeding three times a day), and Treatment 3 (feeding four times a day). The results of the ANOVA test showed a significant value of 0.000 (P < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in each of the different feeding frequencies. The analysis of the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level also showed that the relationship between each treatment had a significant value of 0.000 (P < 0.05). The average absolute weight of the fish for Treatment 1 was 12.99 grams, for Treatment 2 was 15.03 grams, and for Treatment 3 was 17.03 grams. The highest growth in the absolute weight of dumbo catfish fry occurred in Treatment 3 (feeding four times a day).

Stunting remains a major nutritional problem in Indonesia, impacting the quality of children's growth and development, both in the short and long term. This impact not only affects physical growth but also affects children's endurance and future productivity. Although the national prevalence of stunting shows a downward trend, cases of stunting are still found in various regions, including Banyusari Village, Tegalrejo District. The stunting problem in this region is closely related to parents' low understanding of fulfilling balanced nutrition, especially protein intake, which plays a crucial role in the growth and development of toddlers. This community service activity aims to increase parents' knowledge and awareness in stunting prevention efforts through applicable nutrition education. The activity was carried out by students of the Community Service Program (KKN) of Tidar University. The method used was a socialization method of presenting material on stunting prevention combined with fun cooking practices as a learning medium for serving balanced nutritious meals. In addition, this activity was also accompanied by the provision of Supplementary Food (PMT). The results of the activity showed that participants participated enthusiastically and were able to understand the material presented. The educational approach of fun cooking has been deemed effective in increasing parents' understanding of balanced nutrition and encouraging a shift in mindset from the "just to get full" paradigm to ensuring quality nutrition. This activity is expected to become a practical and sustainable alternative for nutrition education in supporting community-based stunting prevention efforts.    

Language serves as the most effective means of communication in everyday life, including within the context of early childhood education. One of the linguistic fields that examines language use is pragmatics, and one of its key focuses is directive speech acts, which function to guide interlocutors in performing specific actions. This study aims to describe the forms of directive speech acts found on the YouTube platform Kinderflix, which features educational videos for early childhood learners. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation and note-taking techniques, and analyzed using the distributional method. The findings reveal three types of directive speech acts, namely questions, commands, and requests. The results contribute to enriching the study of pragmatics, particularly in the area of directive speech acts. Furthermore, this research is expected to serve as a reference for content creators to pay closer attention to linguistic aspects in producing educational materials for early childhood. It is also hoped that this study can be further developed and serve as a useful foundation for future research.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the 2024 Population Census in Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, as an important component in providing accurate and reliable population data for development planning. The study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The research informants consist of the head of the civil registry office, the head of the social affairs office, sub-district heads, data collection officers, and community leaders who are considered to understand the census implementation process. Data analysis was conducted through stages of data reduction, data presentation, and systematic conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of the 2024 Population Census in Sabu Raijua Regency has not been fully effective, particularly in terms of inter-agency integration and adaptation to field conditions. Socialization and communication of policies to the community remain limited, resulting in suboptimal consensus and levels of public participation. In addition, the limited number and capacity of data collection officers, along with inadequate facilities and budget support, have also affected the census implementation. Therefore, more intensive socialization efforts, capacity building for officers, and adequate budget and operational facility support are required to improve the effectiveness of future population census implementation.

The development of digital media has transformed Islamic da’wah into a digitally mediated form of religious communication, reshaping structures of authority, engagement, and community formation. However, existing research remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive structural map. This study conducted a Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) of Scopus-indexed publications on Islamic da’wah via digital platforms from 2016 to 2026. Using PRISMA-based screening techniques and bibliometric methods—including co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses with VOSviewer—the study analyzed 74 peer-reviewed journal articles. The results indicate a significant increase in the number of publications, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. The field is structured around four main themes: platform-based engagement strategies, youth identity formation, digital authority and ethics, and the adaptation of prophetic communication principles to the online context. Although Indonesia and Malaysia dominate the research output, the collaborative network remains relatively dispersed. New topics such as the influence of algorithms and AI-supported da‘wah suggest an expansion toward interdisciplinary directions. This study provides the first comprehensive map based on Scopus for research on Islamic digital da‘wah and offers a foundation for future theoretical and empirical development.

This community service activity aims to improve teenagers' self-management skills through the program “Remaja Jago: Kelola Diri Tanpa Drama”. The program was specifically designed to provide a practical and applicable understanding for youth on how to recognize their own potential, manage emotions effectively, organize time efficiently, and make wise and responsible decisions in daily life. The activity was carried out at Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang with 20 participants aged 13–20 years, representing a diverse range of educational and social backgrounds. Methods included interactive lectures, engaging educational games, structured group discussions, and guided self-reflection sessions to encourage active participation and deeper personal insight. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants’ decision-making abilities, personal discipline, emotional control, and goal-setting skills after completing the program. In addition, participants demonstrated increased self-confidence and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, this program effectively contributes to developing independent, disciplined, and responsible youth character, while also equipping them with essential life skills needed to face various personal and social challenges in the future.

The money market plays a vital role in the global financial architecture as a provider of short-term liquidity and a primary channel for monetary policy transmission. This research is motivated by the rapid transformation of financial instruments, which now encompass conventional and Sharia-compliant sectors, as well as digital innovations such as e-money and stablecoins. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of the money market, identify the diversity of modern instruments, and analyze their strategic role in economic stability through a qualitative literature review approach. The analysis shows that the money market is highly effective in managing bank cash reserves and controlling inflation by regulating the money supply. The presence of digital instruments has been proven to accelerate liquidity flows, while Sharia schemes provide transparent and equitable investment alternatives. However, the emergence of digital assets also brings challenges of volatility that require adaptive regulation and professional skepticism from market participants. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of synergy between monetary authorities and financial technology to address global disruption. Strengthening regulations on future instruments is expected to create a more inclusive and stable financial system that can respond precisely to economic shocks.

Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions unrelated to real external stimuli. Patients will have difficulty distinguishing whether the stimuli they experience originate internally (thoughts or feelings) or externally. This condition may affect any of the five senses. The most common type of hallucination is auditory hallucinations. One way to reduce the signs and symptoms of auditory hallucinations is through Art Therapy: freehand painting. To determine nursing care with the application of free painting therapy in patients with auditory hallucinations at the Mitra Mulia Husada Foundation, Palembang. The design used was a case study describing the cases of four patients with auditory hallucinations. Subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention provided was free-drawing therapy for four days, each lasting 30 minutes.After the intervention of applying free painting therapy for 4 days with a time of 30 minutes per visit, it was found that there was a decrease in signs and symptoms of hallucinations as shown through the results of the observation sheet in each patient. Mr. A. originally 9 became 3 signs of symptoms, Mr. S originally 7 became 3 signs of symptoms, Mr. AJ originally 9 became 3 signs of symptoms and Mr. M originally 10 became 5 signs of symptoms of auditory hallucinations. There was a decrease in auditory hallucination scores in each patient after being given Art Therapy: free painting. For future researchers, it is hoped that they can conduct research on the application of free painting therapy so that it can be carried out more frequently so that the therapy carried out is more effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of hallucinations and also add respondents so that the application of the therapy given is more effective in reducing the signs and symptoms experienced by patients.

This study aims to analyze the contribution and potential of the Lampung Province tourism sector to national economic growth in the 2020-2025 period. Using a quantitative descriptive approach using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share methods, this study processes secondary data on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices from the Central Statistics Agency. The analysis shows that although Lampung's macroeconomic performance is still dominated by the primary sector, the tourism sector, particularly the accommodation and food and beverage subsector, has demonstrated post-pandemic resilience with a significant positive growth trend. In 2024, the GRDP value of this subsector at the provincial level reached IDR 4,616.76 billion, with strategic areas such as Bandar Lampung City confirming the accommodation sector as a base sector (LQ > 1) with a high competitive advantage. The integration of a creative economy based on local wisdom, such as the use of Tapis cloth and digital marketing, has been proven to increase the attractiveness of destinations, capable of driving the volume of domestic tourist trips to reach 17.87 million trips by 2024. This finding confirms that Lampung's tourism sector is not only a regional economic driver, but also makes a substantial contribution to national income through a multiplier effect on job creation and increasing domestic foreign exchange. Optimizing collaboration between policymakers and accelerating infrastructure development are key to strengthening the strategic position of Lampung tourism in the future.

The digital era has streamlined the commercialization of musical works, yet conversely heightens the risk of copyright infringement regarding the unauthorized use of songs. This study aims to analyze the legal review of unauthorized song usage, focusing specifically on the Supreme Court Decision Number 825 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. This study employs a normative juridical research method using a case approach and a statute approach. Secondary data were gathered through a literature review of relevant regulations, specifically Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. The results indicate that utilizing another person's song for commercial purposes without valid permission from the creator or copyright holder constitutes a clear violation of economic rights, particularly reproduction, distribution, and public performance rights. Through Supreme Court Decision No. 825 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025, the Panel of Judges reaffirmed the boundaries of law enforcement and civil liability regarding material damages for infringers. The judges' legal reasoning (ratio decidendi) reinforces the position of Collective Management Organizations (CMO) in royalty collection, while providing legal certainty on the evidentiary mechanisms of exclusive rights violations in court. The practical implication of this decision emphasizes the necessity for creative industry actors to secure formal licensing to mitigate future legal disputes.

This study explores student agency in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-supported STEM learning environments, addressing a critical gap in existing literature that predominantly focuses on learning outcomes rather than learner-centered processes. Drawing on an interpretive qualitative approach, this research investigates how students experience autonomy, self-regulation, and decision-making when interacting with AI technologies in STEM education. Data were collected from 15 participants engaged in AI-supported learning through in-depth semi-structured interviews, supported by observations and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and meanings related to student agency. The findings reveal that student agency is a dynamic and multidimensional construct shaped by the interplay between technological affordances and learner engagement. Four major themes emerged: enhanced autonomy, development of self-regulated learning, negotiated decision-making, and ambivalent dependency on AI. While AI technologies provide adaptive support that empowers students to take control of their learning, they also introduce the risk of over-reliance, which may reduce cognitive engagement. This study contributes to the theoretical advancement of student agency by conceptualizing it as a spectrum rather than a fixed attribute, highlighting the dual role of AI as both an enabler and a constraint. The findings offer important pedagogical implications for designing AI-supported STEM learning environments that promote active, reflective, and responsible learning. Future research is recommended to explore this phenomenon across diverse contexts and through longitudinal designs.

The rapid advancement of technology has brought significant changes to the field of education, requiring adjustments in the roles and competencies of educators to improve the quality of human resources. The teaching profession is no longer limited to delivering knowledge but also demands the ability to adapt to technological developments, utilize digital tools, and create innovative and relevant learning experiences. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by the education profession in improving the quality of human resources and to identify strategies that can be implemented to address these challenges. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing ten relevant scientific articles using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings reveal several major challenges, including limited teacher competence and professionalism, constraints in the use of technology, weaknesses in human resource management in education, and the lack of optimal training and professional development programs. In addition, disparities in access and readiness for digital transformation also hinder the improvement of educational quality. The results suggest that improving the quality of human resources through education requires a comprehensive approach, including strengthening teacher competencies, providing continuous professional development, improving educational management, and ensuring adaptive policy support. Therefore, the education profession is expected to play a crucial role as a driving force in producing competent, high-quality human resources who are well prepared to face future challenges.

. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes in various fields, including education and church life. This study aims to examine the dynamics of the formation of prospective catechists in facing the challenges of AI use at the IPI Malang Pastoral College. This study used a qualitative, descriptive approach, through observation and interviews with students as research subjects. The results show that the use of AI has become an integral part of the learning process, helping students understand material, develop academic skills, and enhance creativity in the pastoral field. However, the use of AI also poses challenges in the form of a tendency towards instantaneous attitudes and potential dependency that can hinder critical thinking skills and deep reflection on faith. In the context of pastoral education, the formation of prospective catechists emphasizes not only intellectual aspects but also spirituality, personality, and pastoral sensitivity. Therefore, the wise and proportional use of AI is necessary, while still positioning it as a supporting tool, not a substitute for human roles. The role of lecturers and educational institutions is crucial in guiding students to be able to use technology critically, reflectively, and responsibly. Thus, the integration of technology and faith values ​​is expected to produce prospective catechists who are able to respond to the challenges of the times in a relevant and meaningful manner.