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This research aims (1) to determine the internal and external factors that cause learning difficulties for students majoring in TKRO at SMK N 4 Lhokseumawe, (2) to find out learning strategies that can help class XI students majoring in TKRO at SMK N 4 Lhokseumawe. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, documentation. The research subjects were class XI students majoring in light vehicle engineering at SMK N 4 Lhokseumawe. Research data was analyzed using data reduction analysis methods, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of interviews with class Factors that cause learning difficulties include the classroom atmosphere, the way the teacher teaches, and students' internal factors such as physiology and psychology. So this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and finding strategies to overcome students' learning difficulties. The results of the study with an average acquisition of student learning difficulties of 2.648 are included in the High category. With the qualification of learning difficulties for automotive electrical material is "High" at SMK Negeri 4 Lhokseumawe. In order to overcome this problem, teachers need to change their teaching style and encourage interaction with students, while students need to be more focused and conducive during learning. It is hoped that collaboration between teachers and students can help reduce the level of learning difficulty in automotive electrical subjects for class XI students majoring in light vehicle engineering at SMK N 4 Lhokseumawe.

Arabic language learning at the Nurul Hasan Elementary School level has an important role in building a foundation of language understanding for students. However, one of the challenges faced by students is the lack of understanding in understanding Arabic texts effectively. This study aims to improve students' Arabic language understanding through the short text analysis method at the Nurul Hasan Elementary School Kertosono Gading, Probolinggo. The research method used is a qualitative approach with observation, interview, and documentation study techniques. The subjects of the study consisted of students in grades V and VI who had difficulty understanding Arabic texts. The results of the study showed that short text analysis helped students improve their language understanding, namely in terms of vocabulary, understanding sentence structure, and improving their ability to read and translate texts. This method has long been applied to grades V and VI before to produce a young generation who can develop foreign language skills. In addition, this method can also increase students' motivation in learning Arabic because of its more contextual and applicable approach. Thus, the use of short text analysis can be an effective strategy in improving Arabic language understanding at the Nurul Hasan Elementary School. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of Arabic language teaching methods that are more interactive and easy for students to understand.

Early reading ability is a basic skill that is important to be mastered by early grade students as a foundation for learning at a higher level. However, based on observations in class 1B of SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village, it was found that many students had difficulty in early reading, such as recognizing letters, combining letters into words, and understanding the meaning of simple words. This study aims to improve students' early reading ability through the use of picture media. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 29 students of class 1B of SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village. This study was conducted at SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village on Jl. Terusan Dusun V, Bandar Khalifah, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang Regency. Data were collected through observation, reading ability test results, and documentation. The results showed that the use of picture media significantly improved students' early reading ability. The improvement is seen from the results of the reading ability test, active student participation during learning, and increased student interest in learning. This can be seen from the results of the assessment carried out starting from the pre-cycle, cycle 1 and cycle 2. The use of visual media to improve Indonesian literacy in elementary schools can improve achievement, ability, and improve student learning outcomes at SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village. In addition, image media helps students understand the material more easily in a fun and interesting way. The conclusion of this study is that image media is effective as a learning aid to improve early reading skills in early grades. It is hoped that teachers can continue to develop visual-based learning media to create a more interesting and interactive learning atmosphere.

Learning in elementary schools plays an important role in developing children's social and speaking skills. However, many students have difficulty communicating effectively and interacting with peers. This study aims to analyze the application of the role-playing method in improving the social and speaking skills of grade II students at MI Nahdiyah, Tanah Tinggi Village, Tapung Hilir District. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which is carried out in two cycles. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations are made to observe changes in students' social behavior and speaking skills after the application of the role-playing method. The data obtained are analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the role-playing method is effective in improving students' social and speaking skills. Children become more confident in communicating, are able to work together, and express their opinions better. Thus, this method can be an alternative to fun and interactive learning for elementary school students.

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of multiplication board media in mathematics learning on students' understanding of multiplication concepts in grade IV of elementary school. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method conducted in several elementary schools. Data were collected through observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of learning activities. The results of the study indicate that the use of multiplication board media can improve students' understanding of multiplication concepts. Students who initially had difficulty memorizing multiplication tables showed significant progress after using this media, as seen from their ability to work on multiplication problems faster and more accurately. In addition, the use of this media also increased student involvement and motivation in learning. Teachers reported that the multiplication board media made it easier for them to explain multiplication concepts in a more concrete and visual way, and increased student participation in class. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of multiplication board media in mathematics learning can be an effective alternative to improve students' understanding of multiplication material. This media not only makes mathematics learning more interesting, but also strengthens the basic concepts of mathematics taught in elementary school.

Many students have difficulty in learning mathematical concepts, especially in the material of curved-sided spatial figures, in addition, knowledge of regional culture is still lacking. This is due to the limited use of teaching materials in learning which has an impact on students' interest in learning. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials in the form of e-modules with an ethnomathematics approach to curved-sided spatial figures that are suitable for use, as an alternative to other teaching materials that can be used in learning. The type of research method used is the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The subjects of this study were grade IX students at SMPN 2 Kaledupa. The instruments used to measure the validity and practicality of the teaching materials developed were in the form of a validation questionnaire from material experts and media experts and a student response questionnaire. The data obtained from measuring validity and practicality were then processed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research on the development of teaching materials with an ethnomathematics approach show that the developed learning e-module is declared feasible to use based on the assessment results of the material expert and media expert validators. The average score percentage obtained from the material expert validator is 89.06% with very valid criteria. While the average score percentage from the media expert validator is 86.45% with very valid criteria. In addition, the learning e-module with an ethnomathematics approach is also declared practical to use based on the results of the student response assessment. The average percentage of the overall student response assessment score is 89.93% with very practical criteria.

This study is based on the results of observations made at SDN Lirboyo 1 Kediri City, teachers in delivering material, especially the Solar System, only use the lecture method and student books. Many students have difficulty in explaining and mentioning the constituent members of the Solar System. student difficulties are seen when students are asked questions only silent, and the value at the end of learning is far from the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). The formulation of the problem developed is how the process, practical validity and effectiveness of pop up book media on solar system material for grade VI elementary school students in its use as media during learning. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of this study were teachers and students of grade VI SDN Lirboyo 1 Kediri City. There are two instruments used in this study, namely using questionnaires and tests. Questionnaires are used to determine the validity and practicality of pop up book media, while tests are used to determine the effectiveness of pop up book media. The results of the pop up book media development research are as follows: (1) The results of the pop-up book media validity trial were carried out by media experts and material experts and received a percentage of 90% very valid or can be used without revision. (2) The results of the pop-up book media practicality trial in the limited trial were carried out by teachers by 92% and from students by 95%, then the results of the pop-up book media practicality in the broad trial were carried out by students by 93.5%. The percentage of scores from teachers and student responses is in the range of 81.00% - 100.00% which can be categorised as very interesting/valid. (3) The results of the effectiveness of pop-up book media obtained from the results of pretest and post test scores and getting a percentage of 81.65% are in the vulnerable range of 81.00% - 100.00% declared very effective can be used without improvement.

The researching in this thesis was motivated by the existence of problems with student at mtsn 5 pasaman Students realize that in teaching this language students will not be interested in learning Arabic if they do not use an approach or model in their learning, Not all students actively participate in this project-based learning model, Lack of resources such as textbooks and technology in implementing the project-basedlearning model ,Difficulty in time management, because project-based learning requires time for planning, implementation. The research methodology studied by researchers used qualitative methods. The qualitative method is research that attempts to reveal the natural or realistic conditions that exist at that location. Qualitative research not only collects individual variables, but these variables can be linked to other variables. This research, the researcher used a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study type, namely research that describes a social event and certain situations that are described correctly using words. Results show that the challenges of the project-based learning model process: learning Arabic through a project-based model at SMP Islam Negeri 5 Pasaman faces many challenges, including: The diversity of students' basic abilities middle school students have varying knowledge and abilities in Arabic. Difficulty in time management .The time allocated for learning Arabic at SMP Negeri 5 Basaman is generally limited, so it can be a challenge to complete projects that take a long time because project-based learning requires time for planning, implementation and evaluation, Availability of learning resources.

Solmization is a system used in reading number notation or what is commonly called a naming system for each note in a diatonic scale. The problem that occurs in SMAN N 9 Kupang is that in singing they tend to imitate the notes that are exemplified without understanding the notation. The main problem in this study is how the process of implementing the solfegio method in learning to read solmization for vocal students of class X of SMA N 9 Kupang. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of implementing the solfegio method in learning to read solmization for vocal students of class XI of SMAN N 9 Kupang. The approach in this study is a qualitative approach with a field action method. The results of the study describe the process of learning to read solmization which is carried out in 3 stages, namely the initial stage, the core stage and the final stage, which are described during 10 meetings. The final result of this study is that students are able to read number notation well, understand the value of notation, notation symbols, signs in number notation that can be observed through the observation rubric that the researcher has created. During the learning process of reading solmization, some students had difficulty in understanding the value of the notes on the 1/16 note, but these difficulties can be overcome by using the solfeggio method and the researcher providing repeated exercises.

Teachers are the most important component in the learning process in education. However, many students are not interested and bored during the learning process; some even fall asleep after being promised something. Students' ability to understand learning materials is influenced by various internal and environmental variables. Helping students in learning will have a negative impact on their development and quality of life in the future if not managed properly by parents and teachers. Therefore, parents, schools, and instructors all contribute to helping children overcome their challenges. Teachers have an important influence in the lives of their students. Thus, this diagnostic seeks to identify the root causes of students' learning challenges and identify solutions. This study aims to (1) identify factors that cause learning difficulties, (2) identify procedures and techniques for analyzing learning difficulties diagnosis, (3) determine the location of students' learning challenges or problems, and (4) help students who experience learning difficulties. Data collection was carried out using two techniques, namely observation of the teaching and learning process (PBM) and the student environment, as well as interviews with parents and instructors. According to the results of the study, students were less enthusiastic about learning because they were less interested and even tended to be lazy. Some students dislike some subjects because of their inability to understand certain elements. Therefore, such students rarely complete the assignments given and almost never take notes on certain lesson topics. Furthermore, the lack of interest in learning for some students can also be caused by their inability to understand the information that the instructor is trying to convey. This is caused by the failure of teachers to provide detailed examples of how to solve problems, and some teachers even fail to include examples when explaining the lesson content.

This study aims to describe and reveal data about the diagnostic approach in assessing learning difficulties in junior high school students. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a library research approach obtained from books, literature, articles, journals, and sites on the internet that are related to the research conducted. The results showed that the diagnostic approach has proven effective in identifying and dealing with learning difficulties of junior high school students. The form of learning difficulties in junior high school students is related to changes in their cognitive and emotional development. the form of difficulty that is often found is difficulty in exact lessons (Mathematics and Science). The causes of students having difficulty learning science are interest, motivation, concentration, learning habits and intelligence. To find out learning difficulties, teachers can conduct learning diagnostics through: first, student identification. second, conduct a diagnosis test with the most consecutive instruments using observation guides, written tests, interview guides and questionnaires and can conduct diagnostic investigations of learning difficulties by observation, interviews (interviews), diagnosis tests (including giving instructions, conducting tests, assessing test results, following up by adding remedial programs). third, provide assistance with tutoring.

This study aims  to describe and reveal data about the diagnosis of student learning difficulties at school and the teacher's efforts to identify the types and characteristics, as well as the factors that cause students to experience difficulties in learning. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a library research approach obtained from books, literature, articles, journals, and sites on the internet that are related to the research conducted. The results of the study show that learning difficulties are defined as obstacles to children in learning who have difficulty learning to read, understanding every learning the child cannot develop and receive the information obtained properly so that it affects the child's learning achievement. Factors that cause students to experience difficulties in learning are 2, namely internal factors which include psycho-physical disorders of students both in cognitive, affective, psychomotor aspects and external factors including family, school and community environments. Efforts made by teachers to overcome students' learning difficulties can make various strategic efforts involving identification, diagnosis, intervention, providing assistance and collaboration. In this effort, it is important for teachers to continuously improve their professional competence, especially in recognizing and dealing with various types of learning difficulties.

This research aims to identify the problems faced by English education students at STAI Miftahul Ulum in writing courses. The background of this research is based on the importance of writing skills in the academic world and the challenges faced by students in mastering linguistic, cognitive, psychological, and learning environment aspects. This research uses a qualitative approach with the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation methods. The research subjects were second, fourth, and sixth-semester students in the 2023 academic year who had taken Basic Writing, Editing & Revising Erroneous Text, and Academic Writing courses. The results showed that the main problems lie in grammatical errors and the organization of ideas related to linguistic aspects. Cognitively, students have difficulty developing ideas and drawing logical conclusions. Psychologically, low motivation and self-confidence exacerbate students' writing abilities. Meanwhile, an unsupportive learning environment, such as limited access to reading sources and minimal guidance from lecturers, becomes a significant external constraint. The conclusion of the study indicates that the appropriate solution involves intensive guidance in grammar, increased opportunities for writing practice, and the creation of an interactive learning environment. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more effective and structured writing learning strategies.

This study aims to analyze the barriers in early childhood reading skills at Al-Mukaddimah Kindergarten. The main focus of this research includes identifying barriers experienced by children, factors that influence these barriers, and teacher efforts in overcoming reading difficulties. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that there are several barriers in early reading skills, such as difficulty recognizing letters, distinguishing letters, and understanding symbols and numbers. Factors that influence these obstacles include the child's psychological condition, family environment, and learning methods applied by the teacher. Teachers' efforts in overcoming these obstacles are carried out through a fun and interactive approach, including the use of interesting learning media and varied teaching strategies. This research is expected to contribute to the development of reading learning methods in early childhood and provide recommendations for teachers and parents in supporting children's reading skills.

This study was conducted because of the lack of interest in learning the IPS subject of grade IX junior high school which according to the students always makes them sleepy. The low interest in learning students can be seen from the minimal participation in class discussions and the lack of motivation to complete assignments. To overcome this, learning innovation was carried out by utilizing Game Based Learning Quizizz, an interactive quiz platform based on gamification that can increase student motivation. This study aims to test whether the use of Quizizz can increase students' interest in learning in IPS. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages, with 31 subjects of grade IX students of SMPN 1 Barru. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the use of Quizizz significantly increased students' interest in learning. In Cycle 1, there was an increase in interest in learning, although some students still had difficulty using the application and many were still not interested and lacked learning. After improvements in Cycle 2, 90% of students became more active and enthusiastic, supported by interview results which showed that students felt more motivated and enjoyed learning through interactive quizzes because they could see their scores directly using the LCD.

Physics is a subject that students are less interested in because it has a high level of difficulty in understanding, so to increase students interest and sympathy for physics, learning media that is interesting and not monotonous is needed. However, the reality in the field is that there are still very few teachers who have the skills and abilities to develop interesting learning media such as interactive learning media such as "Interactive Learning". Learning with Interactive Learning is believed to be able to stimulate good and efficient student development. The objectives of this activity include producing interactive macromedia flash learning media that is easy to learn and to find out the advantages of macromedia flash interactive learning media when compared to power point. So with this activity it is hoped that it can increase students abilities and interest in teaching and learning activities in Physics subjects at MA Nurul Huda Talang, Saronggi, Sumenep, Madura. The results of this service prove that the existence of interactive learning for teaching Physics subjects at MA Nurul Huda Talang, Saronggi, Sumenep has a positive impact and is able to increase students interest and abilities in the process of teaching and learning Physics subjects. Apart from that, the interactive learning activity has provided motivation to Physics teachers at MA Nurul Huda Talang, Saronggi, Sumenep, Madura to further improve their abilities in creating more interesting and innovative teaching materials.

The purpose of implementing Community Service (PkM) is to overcome the problems faced by community service partners, namely difficulties in learning accounting for class XII SOS students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka. This activity is also a follow-up to the previous study entitled "Analysis of Difficulties in Learning Accounting for the Sub-Material of Service Company Worksheets for Class XII SOS Students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka in the 2024/2025 Academic Year". The form of community service carried out is training and assistance in compiling worksheets for service companies. The participants involved were 20 students from class XII SOS 2. This activity was carried out in three stages, namely: 1) delivery of material regarding worksheets for service companies, 2) practice of compiling worksheets, and 3) evaluation of work results. The material was delivered collaboratively by the economics subject teacher, Mr. Abel Andisolo Sogen, S.Pd, and the community service lecturer, Mrs. Maria Fatima B. Beribe, M.Pd. In the practice stage, participants were asked to compile worksheets based on the case studies that had been submitted. During this process, participants were assisted by the service team until they achieved the expected results. To measure the participants' abilities and skills in compiling working papers, they were then asked to complete different case study questions independently. The results of the participants' work were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, which showed an increase in understanding and skills during independent practice compared to during mentoring. This is reflected in the scores obtained by the participants, which ranged from 85 to 95, and reached the target of 90% of what the service team wanted. However, there were several participants who had difficulty in compiling working papers due to lack of accuracy in the calculations, so that the calculation results in the Balance Sheet column were not balanced.

Difficulty reading the Qu’ran in students will usually be obvious. With the emergence of unusual behavior, one of them is difficulty in reading the Qu’ran. So the efforts of Al-Quran Hadith teachers in overcoming difficulties in reading the Al-Quran in class VII at MTs Al-Ma'ruf Denpasar are very much needed in overcoming students' difficulties. Based on the problems above, the focus of the research is: 1) What difficulties do students experience in reading the Koran? 2) How do Al-Quran Hadith teachers try to overcome students'difficulties in reading the Al-Quran? 3) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors for Al Quran Hadith teachers in overcoming difficulties in reading the Al-Quran? The aims of this research are 1) To find out what difficulties students experience in reading the Qur’an, 2) Efforts of Al-Quran Hadith teachers in overcoming difficulties in reading the Al Quran 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors for Al-Quran Hadis teachers in overcoming difficulties in reading the Al-Quran. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach,informants are determined purposively. The informants are the head of the madrasah, Alquran Hadis teacher, class VII students and parents. Data is collected by interviews, observation and documentation, then analyzed using the stages of data reduction and presentation. data and drawing conclusions The research results show that 1) Difficulties in reading the Qur’an include: difficulty in pronouncing makharijul letters, difficulty applying the laws of reciting tajwid, difficulty in recognizing punctuation, not knowing the length and shortness of reading the Qur’an and lack of fluency in reading the Qur’an. 2) The Al-Quran Hadith teacher's efforts to overcome difficulties in reading the Al-Quran are by making morning recitations of the Al-Quran, arousing students' interest in reading, providing encouragement and motivation, selecting and developing learning methods and providing good role models. 3) Supporting factors for teacher efforts in overcoming difficulty reading the Koran, there is guidance to read the Koran every morning, supporting facilities and infrastructure. The inhibiting factors for teachers in overcoming student difficulties include: low student interest and also family factors.

Mathematics is one of the main skills taught from elementary school to college, playing a role in developing critical and logical thinking patterns of students. However, many elementary school students have difficulty understanding mathematical concepts, especially spatial figures, due to the lack of supporting learning media. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using Trimatra (three-dimensional) media in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Trimatra media, such as three-dimensional models of spatial figures, allows students to visualize and understand the characteristics and relationships between spatial figures in a concrete manner. The results of the literature study show that Trimatra media not only increases students' knowledge of mathematical concepts, but also motivates students to be actively involved in learning, increases critical thinking skills, and overall learning outcomes.  

The skill of reading is referred to as mahārah qirā’ah in Arabic, which is the third skill after mahārah istima’ and mahārah kalām. In the Arabic Language Education program, some students come from non-boarding school backgrounds and may not have studied Arabic extensively before. This condition can present several challenges, especially in reading Arabic texts. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to the difficulty in reading Arabic texts among students from non-boarding school backgrounds in the Arabic Language Education program at UINSU, batch 2021. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews/questionnaires with five students, and a literature review of previous research. The results of this study show that factors affecting the difficulty in reading Arabic texts among non-boarding school students include their educational background, a lack of understanding of nahwu (syntax) and sharf (morphology), insufficient vocabulary mastery, and a lack of interest in learning Arabic. This study reveals these factors in order to raise awareness among educators about the issue and encourage students to improve their skills in learning Arabic.