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This article explores the dynamics of Islamic educational thought through the perspective of three influential figures: Al-Ghazali, Ikhwan al-Shafa, and Ibn Khaldun. Al-Ghazali, representing the conservative school, emphasizes education as a process of character building and drawing closer to Allah. Ikhwan al-Shafa, with their rational-religious school, emphasizes the importance of logic, observation, and dialectics in acquiring knowledge. Ibn Khaldun, as a representative of the pragmatic school, emphasizes education that is oriented towards social contribution and based on reality. This article analyzes the fundamental differences and contemporary relevance of these three schools, showing that an ideal Islamic education is one that can unite the three schools within the framework of an adaptive and responsive curriculum.

This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities in implementing character education through Social Sciences (IPS) learning in elementary schools, especially at MIN 1 Metro. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observation and literature study. The research results show that the main challenge lies in the diversity of student backgrounds and differences in character based on gender, which requires a different and more personalized teaching approach. On the other hand, the Independent Curriculum provides great opportunities with flexibility in planning and implementing learning that is integrated with character values. Strategies such as value reflection, collaboration between students, and strengthening teacher-student relationships have proven effective in instilling values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, tolerance, and cooperation. This research concludes that character education can be implemented optimally if it is supported by an adaptive curriculum, appropriate teaching strategies, and active involvement of teachers and parents.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between decision making and management psychology, especially in the context of organizations and education. The research method used is a systematic literature study with a qualitative approach, collecting and analyzing data from sources such as books, journals, and previous research. The results of the study indicate that optimal decision making is influenced by the leader's ability to manage emotions, adaptive leadership style, and understanding of the psychological dynamics of individuals and groups. In the context of education, the integration of management psychology through the application of motivational principles, psychological test-based selection, and curriculum development has been shown to increase the effectiveness of decision making. The discussion underlines the importance of a holistic approach that combines technical aspects of management with psychological understanding to create an efficient and results-oriented organizational and educational environment.    

The curriculum and learning of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the Senior High School (SMA) level face significant challenges in line with the dynamics of modern society, especially in strategic areas such as Batam City, which is multicultural and industry-oriented. Curriculum innovation is an urgent necessity to ensure that PAI learning can meet the demands of the times and strengthen students' character. This study aims to identify and develop a relevant and applicable model of curriculum and PAI learning innovation in SMA Batam City. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of academic books, scientific journals, and official documents relevant to the theme of curriculum and PAI learning innovation. The analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically on various existing curriculum models and innovation processes. The results of the study show that several innovation models can be adapted in the development of PAI curriculum and learning in high schools, including the R-D-D model (Research, Development, and Diffusion), the Organizational Development model, and the Configuration model. These three models provide a systematic approach to the educational innovation process, from design and implementation to diffusion and routinization within the school environment. In addition, the proposed innovation process follows the dynamic initiation and implementation stages based on the theories of Rogers and Zaltman. In conclusion, the development of curriculum and PAI learning innovation models in SMA Batam City needs to consider the local socio-cultural conditions, teacher readiness, and institutional support. The appropriate implementation of these models is believed to improve the quality of religious education to be more contextual, adaptive, and impactful on the formation of students’ character.

This article aims to identify and analyze strategies for developing Arabic vocabulary (mufradat) in the context of contemporary language learning. Mastery of vocabulary is a key pillar in language skills, encompassing listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities. Challenges in teaching Arabic today include low student motivation, limited learning media, and a lack of contextual and innovative approaches. Therefore, adaptive strategies are needed to meet the demands of modern times and technology. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, analyzing various scholarly sources such as journals, books, and research reports from the last fifteen years. The study reveals that effective strategies for vocabulary development include the use of interactive digital media, thematic approaches, project-based learning, and cooperative learning. The validity of these findings is reinforced through triangulation of sources and theories. Proper integration of these strategies has been proven to enhance vocabulary acquisition, student motivation, and active engagement in the Arabic language learning process. This study is expected to serve as a reference for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers in designing more effective and contextual vocabulary learning.

Improving the quality of learning in madrasas is a strategic and sustainable effort that includes various aspects, starting from developing a contextual and integrative curriculum, improving the competence of teaching staff, to optimal utilization of educational technology. In the context of globalization and rapid development of science, madrasas are required not only to maintain their Islamic identity, but also to be able to produce graduates who are competent, have character, and are adaptive to the challenges of the times. Therefore, learning in madrasas needs to be designed holistically, integrating spiritual, moral, and intellectual values ​​with an innovative and participatory pedagogical approach. In addition, support from various parties such as the government, society, and religious institutions is an important factor in creating a superior and competitive madrasa education ecosystem. With these steps, it is hoped that madrasas can become educational institutions that are not only relevant to the needs of the times, but also make a significant contribution to producing a generation that is knowledgeable, moral, and highly competitive.

This study aims to explore and analyze the values ​​of the integration of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) with science in learning in Senior High Schools (SMA) in the Riau Islands. In the era of globalization and rapid technological advances, it is important for education to integrate religious knowledge and science in order to create students who are not only intellectually intelligent but also have strong characters. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive with a case study method involving in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies in several high schools in the Riau Islands. This study found that despite major challenges in terms of limited infrastructure, human resources, and access to technology, the integration of PAI and science can enrich students' understanding of the relationship between religion and science. By integrating science into Islamic teachings, students not only learn scientific knowledge but are also trained to think critically in the context of religion and morals. On the other hand, geographical challenges and limited facilities in the Riau Islands cause gaps in the implementation of this integration. Therefore, this study suggests the need for more adaptive learning strategies, improved teacher training, and the use of mobile technology to overcome these challenges. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a more inclusive and relevant education curriculum, especially in remote areas such as the Riau Islands.

The implementation of the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) curriculum and the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) approach represents a strategic response to the global challenges faced by 21st-century higher education. Both initiatives share the same goal: to produce graduates who are relevant to industry needs and capable of adapting to the times. This article aims to examine the synergy between MBKM policies and the OBE approach in the planning and implementation of higher education curricula to achieve excellent graduate profiles. This study uses a systematic literature review with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The findings indicate that integrating MBKM and OBE encourages universities to design outcome-based curricula with contextual learning rooted in real-world experience. Key success strategies include redesigning outcome-based lesson plans (RPS), cross-sector collaboration, and strengthening assessment systems. This article recommends reinforcing synergy among policymakers, lecturers, and external partners to promote adaptive and sustainable higher education.

The development of vocational education requires Vocational High Schools (SMK) to align their competencies with student interests and industry needs. However, a mismatch between student interests and the competencies offered can result in low enrollment, requiring schools to consider closing certain programs. This study proposes the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as a predictive method to determine the potential closure of vocational competencies based on an analysis of student interest patterns. The data used includes interest history, academic grades, and other preference indicators, which are then subjected to a preprocessing stage to ensure the quality of the model’s input. The ANN is trained to accurately recognize interest patterns, thus generating objective and adaptive decision-making recommendations. The results show that the ANN implementation provides high accuracy in predicting student interest trends and provides more precise The development of vocational education in Vocational High Schools (SMK) requires the ability to align skill competencies with students' interests and industry needs. A mismatch between students' interests and the competencies offered can lead to low interest in certain programs, which in turn may result in the decision to close those programs. This study proposes the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a predictive method to determine the potential closure of skill competencies based on the analysis of students' interest patterns. The data used includes interest history, academic grades, and other preference indicators. This data is processed through a preprocessing stage to ensure the quality of input for the model. The ANN is trained to accurately recognize students' interest patterns, allowing it to generate more objective and adaptive decision recommendations. The results of the study show that the application of ANN has high accuracy in predicting students' interest trends and provides more precise recommendations compared to traditional methods. Therefore, this system can be an effective tool for schools to plan curriculum policies more strategically and sustainably, as well as support decisions regarding skill programs that align with students' interests and industry needs.  

This study aims to identify challenges and formulate strategies for the implementation of professional competencies of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on artificial intelligence (AI) at the primary school level, with a focus on SD Negeri 071162 Esiwa. The background of this study begins with the increasing demands of the digital curriculum, while PAK teachers still face limitations in technological literacy, digital infrastructure, and the availability of contextualized Christian faith-based learning media. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of one principal and ten students in grades IV-VI. The results showed that low mastery of technology by teachers, limited digital devices, and lack of institutional support are the main obstacles in the integration of AI in PAK learning. However, AI has great potential to enhance students' learning experience spiritually and digitally through interactive, visual, and narrative Bible-based approaches. This research recommends spiritual technology-based teacher training, strengthening school infrastructure, developing contextualized teaching materials based on local culture, and collaboration between schools, churches, and Christian app developers. The findings contribute to the development of an adaptive, contextual, and transpersonal PAK learning model.

This study aims to analyze digital technology-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategies in an effort to enhance religious literacy and strengthen Islamic values in the lives of modern students. Using a literature research method, this study collects and analyzes various literature sources, such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents, that discuss the integration of digital technology in PAI learning. The results indicate that digital technologies, such as e-learning, social media, mobile applications, gamification, and virtual reality, play a significant role in creating more interactive, engaging, and effective learning processes. This strategy not only improves students' understanding of religious materials but also helps them internalize Islamic values in their daily lives. Additionally, digital technology enables access to a wider range of learning resources, encourages personalized and adaptive learning, and opens opportunities for more participatory collaboration and discussion. However, the implementation of this strategy also faces challenges, such as the digital divide, infrastructure limitations, and a lack of digital competence among educators. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed to address these challenges, including training for educators, improving access to technology, and curriculum adjustments. Overall, this study concludes that digital technology-based PAI learning strategies are an effective approach to enhancing religious literacy and strengthening Islamic values in the lives of modern students, while also preparing the younger generation to face global challenges while adhering to Islamic principles.

Islamic education management has a strategic role in integrating spiritual values with modern managerial principles to strengthen the quality of Islamic educational institutions. This article aims to conceptually examine the five fundamental pillars of Islamic education management, namely value-based planning, prophetic leadership, adaptive Islamic curriculum, holistic human resource development, and character-oriented evaluation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. The data sources in this study are 17 secondary sources, including scientific books and reputable national and international journal articles from 2012 to 2025 that are relevant to the theme of Islamic education management. Data was searched using the Publish or Perish application with purposive sampling, i.e., only literature relevant to the five main pillars of the study, namely value-based planning, prophetic leadership, adaptive Islamic curriculum, holistic human resource development, and ethics-oriented evaluation, was used as material for analysis. Data search was conducted using the Publish or Perish application. The results of the study indicate that strengthening these five pillars is the main foundation in developing an integrative Islamic education management that is relevant to the demands of the modern era. The integration of spirituality and rationality in the management of Islamic educational institutions is central to the formation of a generation with excellent character, professionalism, and noble morals. This study emphasizes the importance of the conceptual framework of Islamic education management as the basis for developing managerial strategies that are adaptive to global transformation without abandoning Islamic identity.

The Independent Curriculum provides thinking in learning, allowing teachers to adjust the material to the needs of students. However, challenges such as limited resources, teacher readiness, and variations in student learning styles are still challenges in its implementation (Kemendikbud, 2022). This study aims to examine the implementation of adaptive learning modules as a solution to improve learning effectiveness. Adaptive modules that integrate technology and personalization of teaching materials are expected to improve students' understanding in a way that is more appropriate to their individual needs (Mayer, 2009). The approach used in this study includes literature studies and field observations, which show that adaptive modules can significantly improve student learning outcomes. However, the implementation of this adaptive learning module still requires support in the form of adequate teacher training and supporting technological infrastructure so that learning can run effectively and efficiently (Batubara, 2019). This study provides recommendations to strengthen teacher readiness and provide the resources needed in the implementation of adaptive modules.

As a strategy implemented by SD 101766 Bandar Setia in adjusting the curriculum to meet the needs and characteristics of diverse students. In the modern era, the curriculum acts as the main guideline in the learning process, and its effectiveness is highly dependent on the ability of educational institutions to adapt to the diversity of learners. Using a qualitative approach, this research relies on in-depth interviews with teachers to identify the various adaptation strategies implemented. Some of these include the implementation of module-based learning models, the utilization of interactive digital technology, and the use of portfolio-based assessment systems. Although there are still challenges, such as limited infrastructure and gaps in teacher competencies, the efforts made reflect a commitment to creating an education system that is more inclusive and adaptive to change.    

This study examines the influence of servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior on the performance of the Inter-Village Cooperation Agency (BKAD) in East Java through a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Using a sample of 100 BKAD selected by cluster proportional random sampling, the study collected data from multiple informants through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The results showed that servant leadership had a significant positive effect on organizational performance (β = 0.366, p < 0.001), with organizational citizenship behavior partially mediating the relationship. Servant leadership was proven to have a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.293, p = 0.021), which in turn had a positive effect on performance (β = 0.216, p = 0.001). The research findings affirm the importance of servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in enhancing the performance of empowerment institutions, which encourages the development of innovative empowerment methods, adaptive training curriculum design, and facilitation of public service-oriented leadership, with recommendations for further research using longitudinal designs and broader geographic coverage.

This Community Service Activity aims to improve the competence of SMP K Materdai teachers in designing and compiling teaching modules that apply the principles of differentiated learning in accordance with the direction of the Merdeka Belajar policy. Differentiated learning is an approach that adjusts the process, content, and learning products based on the needs, interests, and learning profiles of students. Through this training, teachers are given a conceptual understanding and practical skills in developing adaptive and contextual teaching modules. The activity methods used include socialization, interactive discussions, module preparation practices, and formative feedback. The results of the activity show an increase in teachers' understanding and ability in compiling applicable differentiated teaching modules. This training is a concrete step in supporting the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and improving the quality of the learning process in schools. The sustainability of the activity is planned through continued mentoring and collaboration in developing teacher learning communities.

Islamic education faces significant challenges in the era of globalization, where technological advancements, secularization, and pluralism are reshaping the educational landscape. This study aims to analyze how Islamic education can weave tradition and modernity to remain relevant in the face of global dynamics. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, examining various sources related to Islamic education, globalization, and the integration of traditional and modern values. The findings indicate that Islamic education plays a strategic role in shaping the character and morality of Muslim generations while fostering an adaptive understanding of contemporary changes. Curriculum integration that combines religious and scientific knowledge, along with the utilization of technology in learning, emerges as a solution to maintain the relevance of Islamic education. Furthermore, the role of teachers as mediators between tradition and modernity is crucial to ensure contextual learning. The implications of this study highlight the need for a flexible curriculum, enhanced educator competencies, and collaboration between educational institutions, governments, and society to strengthen the Islamic education system amid the tides of globalization.

This research discusses the role of culture-based education in a multicultural society as well as the challenges and implementation strategies. Multicultural education aims to create an inclusive learning environment and integrate local cultural values in the curriculum. Using the literature study method, this research examines how a culture-based education approach can improve students' understanding of social diversity and build tolerant characters. The results show that despite challenges such as lack of cultural representation in teaching materials and unequal access to education, multicultural education has great benefits in building social awareness and nationalism. Strategies such as the use of simulation-based learning, adaptive teaching methods and culture-based curriculum development are solutions to these challenges. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of education that is responsive to cultural diversity in order to create a more harmonious and inclusive society.

This research is a qualitative research used to determine the application of positive early childhood  discipline as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in its application. Data collection was carried out by observation and interview methods. The application of positive discipline in question includes the stages of application that are carried out technically and the application of positive discipline in essence, namely the application of the 7 principles of positive discipline. The results of the study show that the application of positive discipline is carried out through 3 stages, namely the socialization stage, the preparation stage and the implementation stage. The application was carried out in 10 study groups. The application is also applied by paying attention to the 7 principles of positive discipline which are the essence of positive discipline itself.  The factors that support the implementation of positive discipline are the readiness of educators to continue learning, the adaptive attitude of educators, the superior personality competencies possessed by educators, adequate school facilities, the ideal number of students in each class, and the Special Curriculum owned by the Institution. The factors that hinder the implementation are that educators' understanding of the implementation of positive discipline has not been comprehensive, the role of schools in the implementation of discipline has not been carried out comprehensively, and there has been no evaluation of the results of the implementation of positive discipline.

Education plays a strategic role as a tool for social transformation capable of shaping individual character, addressing social inequality, and driving societal change. In the Indonesian context, character education has become a central issue in building a generation that is faithful, pious, morally upright, and responsible in accordance with the values of Pancasila. Through a holistic approach, character education integrates spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and social aspects to create quality individuals. Furthermore, learning methods that involve role modeling, habituation, and community participation emphasize the importance of collaboration between schools, families, and communities. As an agent of change, education also aims to create a knowledge-based society where science, innovation, and problem-solving serve as key pillars. Through lifelong learning, problem-based learning, and collaborative approaches, education provides space for the development of human potential relevant to global challenges. However, challenges such as educational disparities, curriculum relevance, and teacher capacity remain obstacles that need to be addressed through inclusive policies, continuous training, and improvements in educational infrastructure. By adopting an integrated approach, education can serve as a solid foundation for building a just, inclusive, and adaptive society in response to social changes.