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    This study seeks to provide argumentative information regarding the reality of obstacles, challenges, strategies, and efforts in shaping the character of bureaucrats who have good morals, as well as to rationalize the importance of using technology, information, and communication in public services. This research was carried out through a qualitative approach with literature study methods, data analysis, namely, reduction, display, and verification or conclusion. The results of the research are: 1) dynamic and complex obstacles and challenges, leading to the reality of bureaucratic competence, mental distortion of serving , the Industrial Revolution 4.0, as well as legal certainty, 2) strategies and efforts in shaping the character of moral, capable bureaucrats through education and training, increasing technology literacy, supervision programs, and policies on welfare, 3) in the modern era, the bureaucracy needs to optimize technological progress , information and communication, to be effective and efficient, to be agile and professional. So that the formation of bureaucrats with character is an alternative solution in overcoming the stigma and stereotypes about the world of bureaucracy which is seen as rigid, conventional, procedural and pragmatic, so that it turns into world-class governance and public services.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on students' mathematical communication abilities. The type of research used is a Quasi-Experimental type (pseudo-experimental) and uses the True Experimental Design research design with the Posttest-Only Controll form. The research was conducted at SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang with a population of all students of class VII consisting of 2 classes. The sample were taken from all members of all population so that class VII.1 as the experimental class was given treatment, namely the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method and class VII.2 as the control class which was not given treatment, namely the conventional method. Research data was collected through tests. Based on the analysis of the test results, it shows that the students' mathematical communication skills in the experimental class are higher than those in the control class. This means that the class that was treated with the TAPPS method affected students' mathematical communication skills. Statistical calculations obtained from the test results yield tcount = 2.944 and ttable = 2.013, so that tcount > ttable which causes H0 to be rejected and H1 to be accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on the mathematical communication abilities of class VII students of SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang.    

The purpose of this study is to determine the learning process of X1 students in Christian religious education subjects with the Student Center Learning method in improving student learning outcomes in grade XI of SMA Sinar Pancasila Betun. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The results of the research show that teachers of Christian religious education subjects have used the Student Center Learning method in learning activities, but it is still not effective because subject teachers still use conventional methods, where in teaching and learning activities teachers do not provide opportunities for students to discuss between students and students with teachers. Learning Christian religious education based on Student Center Learning that has not been effective affects student learning outcomes so that the learning outcomes of grade XI students in Christian religious education subjects have not been maximized such as students have not understood the learning material of Christian religious education and have not been able to analyze Christian education learning materials.

The purpose of this study is to determine the learning process of X1 students in Christian religious education subjects with the Student Center Learning method in improving student learning outcomes in grade XI of SMA Sinar Pancasila Betun. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The results of the research show that teachers of Christian religious education subjects have used the Student Center Learning method in learning activities, but it is still not effective because subject teachers still use conventional methods, where in teaching and learning activities teachers do not provide opportunities for students to discuss between students and students with teachers. Learning Christian religious education based on Student Center Learning that has not been effective affects student learning outcomes so that the learning outcomes of grade XI students in Christian religious education subjects have not been maximized such as students have not understood the learning material of Christian religious education and have not been able to analyze Christian education learning materials.

One of the main activities of hospital nutrition services is the provision of meals for patients in the hospital. The goal is to provide quality food in accordance with the nutritional needs, cost, safety and acceptance of the patient to achieve optimal nutritional status The food management information system currently used in the Nutrition Installation of Rsud Prof. DR H M Anwar Makkatutu Bantaeng is still using a manual (conventional) system, starting from calculating the need for foodstuffs to ordering foodstuffs. This is due to the unavailability of applications that can more efficiently save energy and time. So far, calculating food needs requires a long time and energy is needed by more than one person. The type of research method used in this research is a quantitative quasi-experimental research method which aims to show a causal relationship and to investigate the relationship and clarify the causes of events, where in this study it focuses on the use of energy and the duration of time used before and after using the application. computers for food management activities in the Nutrition Installation, in this case the calculation of food needs. Based on the results of the research, before and after using a computer-based management information system application to improve the efficiency of food administration at the Rsud nutrition installation, Prof. DR. HM Anwar Makkatutu Bantaeng (SPMIG), there was a difference in time duration, where the time used in calculating the need for foodstuffs was shorter or shorter. Food administration at the Nutrition Installation of Prof. DR H Makkatutu Bantaeng Hospital before using the SPMIG application software an average of 180 minutes - 210 minutes and after using the SPMIG application software the average was 1 - 10 minutes, so the time difference used was 170 minutes.

This study aims to determine the use of audio-visual media in Problem-Based Learning to improve student learning outcomes in tenth grade SMA Negeri 2 Tondano using classroom action research as the research methodology. (1) Planning, (2) Action, (3) Observation, and (4) Reflection are the four major phases of a cycle. In data analysis, the1percentage of completed student1learning outcomes is utilized. The research result was derived from student learning outcomes using two cycles; in cycle I, the1percentage of classical completion was 44.44 percent and in cycle II, it was 55.55 percent. It became a reference for the subsequent cycle's follow-up. The classical percentage of completeness for cycle II was then 92.59 percent complete and 7.40 percent incomplete. This demonstrated that it followed the research indicator in a conventional manner. Therefore, it is unnecessary to follow the subsequent cycle. This study concludes that using problem-based learning audio-visual as a learning medium for virus materials is crucial for improving student learning outcomes among students in1class X at SMA Negeri 21Tondano.    

This research article examines the process of delaying service at West Opel through observations made while working on board the ship. This study focuses on two main factors that affect the efficiency of the towage process: the delay in maneuvering the ship and the time it takes. The observations highlight the impact of the power limitations of conventional tugs compared to ASD tug systems, particularly MVs. Ace Guard. This finding reveals that the insufficient power of a conventional vessel impedes the smooth maneuverability of the vessel, so that the ASD tug has to adjust its power to match that of a conventional tug and maintain the correct position while the vessel departs. In addition, this study emphasizes the significant duration of time involved in the towage process, taking into account the coordination between ASD tugs and conventional tugs. This research concludes that these factors contribute to a slower and more time consuming procrastination process. The case studies presented provide valuable insights for optimizing and increasing the efficiency of service operations in a similar maritime environment.

Methods Demonstration Improving Student Learning Outcomes in grade VIII MTs Ma’arif Kaliwiro. This study aims to determine differences student achievement between the experimental class using a demonstration method and the control class using a conventional method. (2) To find out how much student achievement increased between the experimental class using demonstration method and the control class using a conventional method. This research is a quantitative research with a type of field research namely an experiment with a quasy-experimental design. The sample in this study was taken by simple random sampling technique. The population in this study were all grade VIII strudents of MTs Ma’arif Kaliwiro 2022/2023 academic year. Two classes were taken as samples, one experimental class and the other one control class. The data collection technique in research was in the form of test, namely pretest and posttest aside from that the documentation. Hypothesis testing in this study used the t-test and N-gain test with the help of SPSS.

The type of research used is a quasi-quantitative experiment. This experimental research uses a quasi-experimental research design with nonequivalent control group design. This study aims to determine the effect of the Learning Starts With a Question learning model on student learning outcomes in fifth grade science learning at SD Negeri Bontokamase. From the test results, the Pretest value is 0.055 > 0.05 and the Post-test value is 0.073 > 0.05. From these tests, it can be concluded that the Pretest value is greater than 0.05 and the Post-test value is greater than 0.05. The homogeneity test results obtained Sig value α = 0.575, this means that the Sig value is greater than α (0.575 > 0.05) so that it can be concluded that the two groups are homogeneous. the hypothesis results obtained Sig (2.Tailed) = 0.000 meaning that H0 was rejected because Sig (2.Tailed) < α or (0.000 < 0.05). H1 is accepted because Sig (Tailed) > α or (0.575 > 0.05). In the T test analysis, Sig < table or (0.575 < 1.697). ). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between learning taught using the Learning Starts With a Question model and conventional learning on science learning in fifth grade students of SD Negeri Bontokamase.

Community  Service  Partners  in  this  activity  are  Micro, Smalland  Medium  Enterprises (MSMEs) in  the  business  of  producing  and  selling  culinary in karawang.  This MSME  has  been  in  Karawang city  for  more  than  30  years.  However,  the  marketing system that used is still very minimal and conventional. Forthis reason, MSMEs need to be  given  training  on  the  importance  of  using  digital  marketing  so  that  the  marketing system can be better to achieve the desired targets and can support better sales activities. In  addition,  MSMEs  also  provide  assistance  in  creating  business  accounts  in  digital media  such  as  Google  Business  and Instagram,  and  how  to  manage  this  digital  media optimally Output fromthis ativity is a Google business and InstagramBusiness account, scientific articlepublished in national journals, and activity reports. The method used is by provide training to create accounts in digital media for the MSME and how to manage it optimally. The results showed thatdigital marketing strategy assistance by Community Service Partners can be followed up with periodic guidance that can be done effectively and  optimally  in  supporting  MSME  marketing  activities  to  increase  sales  of  MSME businesses

Modern society is faced with risks inherent in its life. This risk comes from the technological uncertainty developments, especially in transportation modes. Gojek be a solution to the uncertainty several aspects by conventional transportation modes. This study uses a phenomenological approach, which places phenomena from the actors point of view and uses the risk society theory introduced by Ulrich Beck as an analytical tool. The concept used is reflective modernity and the boomerang effect that drivers and customers face respectively as users of the Gojek application. Informants are Gojek users consisting of customers as well as drivers. This research used interview, observation, and documentation techniques as primary data, while the secondary data used literature study techniques. Based on the results, it was found that several certainty factors were obtained by Gojek customers, including time, convenience, cost and security. This factor is referred to 'reflective modernity', where this factor becomes a reflection on the uncertainty of conventional transportation. However, for the record, security is also a risk if the goods ordered through Gojek are taken away by the driver. On the other hand, Gojek drivers get uncertainty risk factors, such as fictitious orders, and service discrepancies with customer ratings. This condition is referred to 'boomerang effect' where the risk returns to the main actor. As a solution, the company provides a feature to deal with fictitious orders and a rating feature by users.

Many of the indonesians like to eat chips as everyday snacks, one of them is menjes chips. Menjes chips are beans made from bean curd. One of the SMEs that produces the menjes chips, namely Menjes Kyu that owned by Mrs. Chalimah. In the drying process, the cips are still done conventionally, namely by simply airing them out. This can affect the quality and flavor of chips because of the amount of oil it contains. The purpose of this activity was to add to the knowledge and skill involved in the use of oil stonework (spinner), which was useful in raising the quality and value of chips. The methods used are location surveys and the filling of questionnaires, toolmaking, and socializing of automatic oil slicers. The presence of an automatic oil slicer helps to enhance the quality, flavor, and storage power of processed chips.

In the current era of globalization, the progress of technology and information development occurs very quickly. Developments in the transportation sector have experienced significant changes with the presence of online transportation services in the form of an application. Online transportation service applications are very easy to use which has an impact on other transportation services. Therefore, the purpose of this discussion is carried out in order to find out how business competition lies therein, including between online transportation service business actors and ordinary (conventional) transportation businesses. Some online transportation service providers in Indonesia include Uber, Grab, Go-jek, In-driver, and others. The services provided by online transportation services are not only in the form of transportation services, but offer food delivery services, online shopping services, and services to deliver packages. Business competition between online transportation services and (conventional) transportation services causes unfair business competition. In this research, the author uses a qualitative research type because the author discusses the business competition between the two by conducting an analysis. The research approach used by the author in this journal is to use a statutory approach.

The development of communication media has led to the presence of applications to order online motorcycle taxi transportation services. The application can be easily downloaded via PlayStore or similar applications. Therefore, the purpose of this discussion is to find out how business competition is between conventional ojek and online ojek business actors. In Indonesia there are several online motorcycle taxi service providers such as Grab, Gojek, and Maxim. The services provided are not only in the form of online motorcycle taxi services, but also in the form of food delivery services (grabfood), online shopping services (grabmart), package delivery (grabexpress) and other services. It is known that there are problems between online motorcycle taxis and conventional motorcycle taxis that have occurred, such as the beating by a conventional motorcycle taxi driver against a Gojek driver in Bojongsoang, Bandung. In this study, the authors used a qualitative type of research because it discussed business competition between business actors. Meanwhile, the nature of the research used is descriptive research. The research approach used by the author in this journal is included in the type of statutory approach and the Case Approach.

This research discusses the activities of housewives in using E-Commerce, which have a positive impact. It is a process of changing the activities of housewives who used to shop for goods traditionally or conventionally to digital. The rapid development of technology is what ultimately led to the change in the activities of housewives, where they used to transact face-to-face with sellers and buyers, but now sellers and buyers only transact virtually or online using E-Commerce. This research uses a qualitative research method, where the researcher aims to describe and analyze the changes in the behavior of housewives related to E-Commerce activities from offline to all-online systems. Social change in housewives is not a result or product, but a process. This process of change is, of course, the result of an agreement or joint decision made by individuals or a community.

The author conducted this research at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), PT Bank Central Asia Tbk, PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk, and PT Bank BTPN Syariah Tbk. Risk Profile, Earnings, and Capital (RGEC), and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) are the methods used for this research. This study aims to determine the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of risk profile, good corporate governance (GCG), profitability, and capital. This type of research is quantitative, the type of data used is secondary data, the data collection technique used was documentation technique and the data analysis method was a quantitative descriptive method. The results showed that the financial performance of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk was in good condition, PT Bank Central Asia Tbk was in very good condition, PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk was in very good condition PT Bank BTPN Syariah Tbk good condition.    

The background for writing this is that based on the results of observations in class IV SDN Jatisari found problems including low reading interest due to the lack of availability of varied teaching resources for students. Then the learning model is still conventional. To overcome these problems, teachers can use the Flashcard-assisted Problem Based Learning model which can attract and facilitate student understanding both visually and in writing. The purpose of writing this is to describe the design of learning literacy, test the improvement of processes and results and find out the impact of implementing Problem Based Learning assisted by Flashcard media for fourth grade students at SDN Jatisari. Data collection techniques using tests, observation and documentation. The results of the percentage of students' independent literacy abilities show an average score of 85.25% (good) and critical reasoning abilities show a score of 86% (very good). For Pretest and Posttest learning outcomes there is an average increase of 19. The conclusion of this best practice is the design of learning literacy using Problem Based Learning assisted by Flashcards. The application of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Flashcards is effective for the literacy skills of fourth grade students at SDN Jatisari Semarang. besides that this has an impact on writers, students, teachers and schools.

In the world of banking in Indonesia, Islamic banking is a type of activity based on sharia principles that is free from usury. Unlike conventional banks which use interest in collecting and channeling funds, Islamic banks use financing as a contract. In conventional and Islamic banking there are differences in terms of banking operations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of knowledge, reference groups, and consumer motivation on customers' reasons for saving at Bank Syariah Indonesia, South Jakarta. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach aims to determine the magnitude of the analyzed variables. The results of the study show that the knowledge variable and the consumer motivation variable do not have a significant influence on a person's decision to save at Bank Syariah Indonesia. Meanwhile, the reference group variable has a significant influence on a person's decision to save at Bank Syariah Indonesia, so that simultaneously high and low knowledge, reference group, and motivation if simultaneously have an influence on customers to save at Bank Syariah Indonesia.

This research explores the role of nanotechnology in enhancing energy storage systems for renewable energy applications. The study aims to evaluate the potential of nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes, in improving the performance of energy storage devices, specifically batteries, by focusing on their ability to enhance energy conversion efficiency, storage capacity, and battery lifespan. A case study was conducted using a prototype battery incorporating these nanomaterials, connected to a photovoltaic system to simulate real-world energy production conditions. The methodology included testing key parameters, such as energy conversion efficiency, charging time, and battery degradation through multiple charge-discharge cycles. The findings showed a significant improvement in energy conversion efficiency, with the nanomaterial-based batteries outperforming conventional batteries by up to 20%. Additionally, the nanomaterial-based batteries demonstrated an increased storage capacity and longer cycle life, maintaining performance after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles. Nanomaterials contributed to these improvements by enhancing electrical conductivity, reducing internal resistance, and preventing degradation that typically occurs in conventional batteries during prolonged use. Furthermore, nanostructured coatings on the electrodes were found to improve light trapping and anti-reflection capabilities, which directly contributed to the higher efficiency of the battery. This research highlights the transformative potential of nanotechnology in energy storage systems, offering a promising solution to the intermittency challenges of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. The study also suggests that further research is needed to explore other nanomaterials, scale up the technology for industrial applications, and integrate smart energy management systems to optimize energy storage in renewable energy systems.

The term history comes from Arabic, namely from the word syajaratun (pronounced syajarah), which means a tree of wood. The meaning of a wooden tree here is the existence of an event, development or growth of something (event) in a continuity (continuity). In another sense, history is not always defined by past (history is past actuality). Only in a general sense is the reality of the past. As for the social (social) itself can be interpreted with regard to interpersonal behavior, or related to social processes. But seen in social science, the word social refers to its object, namely society. When combined between history and social, it can be interpreted as the past reality of a society regarding behavior and all the processes that occurred in society. Social history is history that focuses attention on neglected, alienated, or marginalized people who are actors of social history. The roles of the community in an event in the past are the focus of the discussion of social history. This study aims to examine the social development of Indonesian society throughout history. Use a qualitative approach and include information from secondary data sources, previous research or existing knowledge of organizations and institutions. The data collection method used by the author in this article, the author uses the library method (path search). The library method is a method used to collect information from books and magazines. Where this social history is populist. Thus it is very different from conventional political history which is elitist in nature. It can be said that without social history, the existence of economic history will feel bland and shallow because social history provides the necessary link in economic history where the scope can cover the daily life of the inhabitants of an area in the past, which includes humans with different economic relationships. -different.