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Indonesia is a country that has diversity in it. Starting from the diversity of ethnicities, languages, cultures to traditional arts which of course are unique characteristics of the country of Indonesia. One of the arts owned by Indonesia is Batik. Batik as a work of art has become a richness of Indonesian culture which is admired by the general public, both the Indonesian people themselves and the world community, but behind it all, batik is a form of traditional Indonesian art that requires maintenance, preservation and protection so that it can be enjoyed. by the next generation. This is so because batik is one of Indonesia's cultural products that is vulnerable to becoming a victim of recognition from other countries. There are quite a few phenomena that occur where batik is actually recognized or claimed by neighboring countries, such as Malaysia. This research was conducted to determine the chronology of Batik recognized by Malaysia, in addition to knowing the resolution efforts made by the government in terms of protecting Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) as Batik in Indonesia from the perspective of International Civil Law.

Indonesia's legal system continues to be predominantly influenced by modern laws introduced by European countries, creating a distinctive character within the Indonesian legal framework. The familial nature of Indonesia's legal system tends to prioritize form over substance, paying less attention to moral aspects. This raises issues related to the imbalance of humanitarian values within the legal system. Despite its status as an independent and sovereign nation, Indonesia still grapples with cases of dishonesty and ethical violations in law enforcement. Therefore, this research aims to compare the judicial systems of Indonesia and Malaysia using a normative legal research method. The comparison reveals the complexity and uniqueness of legal development in both countries. Indonesia, inheriting Dutch civil law, has a court structure that separates general, religious, administrative, and military jurisdictions. In contrast, Malaysia, blending English law with Islamic and customary law, demonstrates strong diversification in court forms and jurisdictions. These differences reflect legal adaptations to history, culture, and the needs of local communities. While both systems have strengths and weaknesses, there is room for improvement in terms of dispute resolution efficiency and jurisdictional clarity.

The Criminal Code is a body of laws that precisely governs how people behave in order to foster national development and alignment with state objectives, particularly for the Indonesian populace. One of the many tribes, nations, races, faiths, and civilizations that make up Indonesia is that it maintains the diversity of religious views among its citizens. There are believers of their own faiths in different parts of Indonesia, however the religions included in Presidential Determination Number 1 of 1965 are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The existence of Law Number 1 of 2023 is controversial because there is legal ambiguity regarding the form and basis of sanctions against perpetrators of religious blasphemy or beliefs. As a result, their rights have not yet been granted and there is no basis for legal regulations. The study's objective is to ascertain the criminal penalties that, under Law Number 1 of 2023, are meted out to those who commit acts of religious blasphemy as well as the legal foundations for those who do so. It is possible to determine the types of criminal penalties that are given to offenders of religious blasphemy under Law Number 1 of 2023 by using a normative juridical approach.

In principle, pension funds replace employee benefits. Taspen is a pension and insurance program organizer that serves ASN, judges, and civil servants. The source of funding for this pension program comes from the basic salary (gapok), additional basic salary, as well as the last monthly additional basic salary. So in essence, civil servants who have retired can rely on Taspen to manage their pension funds, which will be given in the form of monthly payments in accordance with applicable regulations. So here researchers carry out an analysis to find out what the customers in question are using the pension funds for. Are these funds managed and utilized well? This research uses a qualitative approach. data was collected using the interview method. After all the data has been collected, data analysis is carried out. The data analysis used is non-statistical data analysis. In this research, what is analyzed is the data collected in interview transcripts. Based on the research results, it is known that customers can use pension funds for various purposes, such as living costs. when retiring, investing, purchasing property, or supporting the education of children or grandchildren. Apart from that, customers also manage pension funds by carrying out financial planning, selecting investment portfolios, carrying out evaluations and monitoring, making wise expenditures, carrying out and considering insurance and protection, then consulting with financial experts.

Abstract. Based on the title mentioned in this research, the aim of this research is to determine the juridical assessment of a power of attorney that was canceled by a notary without the presence of one of the parties and with their consent. This research uses a certain type of normative legal research. Library research was used in the process of collecting data from the items examined in this research. To evaluate and discuss research materials based on law, legal norms, legal theory and legal doctrine that are relevant to the main topic, this research uses a normative analysis approach to obtain the data. The results of this research indicate that the legal consequences of revoking a power of attorney carried out unilaterally by the director of PT Oro Jayanto Perkasa can be declared as an unlawful act. The director's legal responsibility for the revocation of the power of attorney made and signed before a notary is that the defendant is required to pay compensation to the plaintiff. So the government and the DPR should have the ability to test the power of attorney regulations in the Civil Code. and there should be outreach to the community to provide a clear understanding of the requirements that must be met in the handover of power

The purpose of writing this paper is to examine what are the factors causing the name change on the birth certificate at the Badung Regency Population and Civil Registry Service and the legal consequences arising from the name change. This study uses empirical legal research methods, supported by a conceptual approach and laws and regulations. The data obtained is also the result of interviews with employees of the Badung Regency Population and Civil Registry Service. From the results of this study, it was found that the name change factor on someone's birth certificate was due to typing errors, the name was too long or short and the person concerned was sick. The legal consequences that are self-inflicted are related to the personal rights of the person concerned or their civil rights are affected and are a little difficult to realize.

In the second quarter of 2020, Commercial Courts in Indonesia handled 132 bankruptcy cases. In the first semester of 2020, the number of bankruptcy cases handled by the Commercial Court in Indonesia increased to 233 cases, including 43 cases handled by the Central Jakarta Commercial Court. The aim of bankruptcy is basically to provide a solution to the parties if the Debtor stops paying/is unable to pay his debts. Bankruptcy prevents/avoids unfair actions that can harm all parties, namely: avoiding execution by creditors and preventing fraud by the debtor himself. Bankruptcy is a legal institution that has an important function, namely as the realization of two important articles in the Civil Code regarding the debtor's responsibility for the obligations carried out, namely Articles 1131 and 1132. This research aims to determine the validity of the bankruptcy petition submitted by workers to the compliance company. his rights. This research uses normative juridical legal research methods. In this research, what is emphasized is the aspect of law application which is carried out integrally with morality. The research results show that a worker's bankruptcy petition is a petition submitted by workers or labor unions to the commercial court to declare the company where they work bankrupt. A worker's bankruptcy application can be filed if the company does not pay wages, allowances and other rights that should be paid to workers.

Divorce between spouses of different nationalities has become an increasingly common phenomenon in the context of globalization. International civil law plays a key role in addressing the legal issues arising from divorce between different nationalities. This article discusses the legal repercussions arising from such divorces, focusing on several important aspects. Determination of the applicable law is a major concern in cases of non-citizenship divorce. The Lex Loci principle is the rule used to determine the law governing divorce, with special considerations regarding both spouses being from different countries. The recognition of divorce in different jurisdictions is an important concern. The process of official recognition of divorce in different countries often requires special procedures and certain requirements. Issues related to child custody become particularly significant if the couple has children together. International civil law considers aspects such as child residence, custody, and child-related decision-making. A valid divorce certificate may be required for various purposes, including a change in marital status in each spouse's country. The process of obtaining a divorce certificate may vary in each spouse's home country. Pensions and inheritance may also be affected by divorce, and the application of international civil law principles is necessary to determine the associated rights.

The purpose of this research is to understand the substance of the regulation of copyrighted works in Indonesia, especially those related to cover versions and to find out more about the protection and legal remedies for copyright holders of copyrighted works regarding cover versions of songs that are sung again for commercial purposes based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Rights. Create. This type of research is empirical juridical. There are seven factors that cause copyright infringement, namely economic, cultural, technological, law enforcement, education, unemployment and environmental factors. In Article 54 and Article 55 of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. If the violator has been proven to have committed a copyright violation, they can be subject to civil sanctions, namely for anyone who violates copyright regulations, that person can be subject to compensation where the lawsuit can be reported to the Commercial Court and subject to sanctions. Eradicating copyright infringement requires an in-depth understanding of the causes and violations that need to be handled seriously. That intellectual property in copyright protection for musical works on digital platforms should pay attention to statutory regulations regarding copyright protection in Indonesia, namely Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright.

The increasing use of social media has given rise to various forms of verbal violence, such as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a phenomenon in which individuals use social media to disseminate degrading messages, threats, or insults to individuals or groups. Its relevance to Pancasila as the foundation of the Indonesian state is crucial, given the principles of Pancasila, such as Just and Civilized Humanity, Indonesian Unity, and Social Justice for All the People of Indonesia. This study aims to examine the perception of cyberbullying among the +62 community. This research employs a quantitative approach. Data collection is conducted through the distribution of questionnaires via Google Forms on social media. The results obtained from this research indicate that a majority of respondents agree that humor on social media and personal matters are common reasons for cyberbullying. Additionally, cyberbullying deviates from the second principle of Pancasila, where every individual has the right to live safely, peacefully, and be treated fairly and equally, regardless of physical, economic, and other differences. Efforts to address cyberbullying include individual ethical awareness and behavior, the need for supervision and regulation in the online world, and education and awareness about the principles of Pancasila.

Social advocacy is carried out to provide change by defending victims of injustice. One of the social problems is the number of street children which increases every year. Children spend their time on the streets, without complete identification as their civil right, so it is difficult to be identified. Therefore, the Pertiwi Child Development Foundation provides social advocacy services to assisted children to achieve child welfare. This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of social advocacy carried out by the Bina Anak Pertiwi Foundation in fulfilling the right to identity and analyze obstacles in social advocacy. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation with a qualitative approach. The results of this research show that the implementation of social advocacy in fulfilling children's rights to identity at the Bina Anak Pertiwi Foundation includes identifying problems, formulating solutions, building awareness and political will, implementing policies, and evaluating. The inhibiting factors for social advocacy are lack of funding and lack of human resources. The supporting factors are external and internal parties who are able to work together in the relief process.

Information about intolerance, sexual violence and drugs is very important material for every good citizen, especially for teenagers. Mojopahit PKBM students are very diverse, but the majority in terms of age, there are still many students who are of productive age (teenagers). In accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia Number 01 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Education and Training of Civil Servants in the Environment, the Department of Religion also integrates human rights and gender values ​​in its curriculum. The implementation of this service activity uses discussion/question and answer/introduction and empowerment methods. In order to obtain information and get closer to the service participants, the service team conducted brain storming with the socialization participants. This community service activity targets tutors and residents studying PKBM Mojopahit, Mojokerto City. This service activity was attended by 20 participants from students from package levels A, B and C and several PKBM Mojopahit Tutors from Mojokerto City took part in accompanying the students who attended.

Quality public services are one of the pillars to show the change in government administration in favour of improving the welfare of its people. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing and explaining the level of satisfaction of the Komba Village community in receiving pulic services in making E-KTP conducted by the Population and Civil Registration Office of East Manggarai Regency. The type of research used is qualitative research, which is research that produces and processes descriptive data, such as interview transcriptions, field notes, drawings, and photographs. The research results show: (1) The Satisfaction Level of Komba Village Community in Receiving Public Services carried out by the Population and Civil Registration Office of East Manggarai Regency, namely; procedures and requirements for making E-KTP services are good, because the procedures and service requirements are in accordance, the clarity of service officers that the clarity of service officers in making E-KTP is not optimal due to the lack of socialisation from the Service to the community, the discipline of service officers that service officers are not consistent in the timeliness of the completion of the E-KTP making service process in accordance with what has been promised, fairness in getting services, that there is still discriminatory behaviour of service officers, where there are service officers who give priority to their families, relatives / acquaintances in providing services so that people who come early have to wait a long time because officers give priority to their acquaintances who come later without going through the queue, (2) Factors inhibiting Public Services in the E-KTP Making Service for the Komba Village Community, carried out by the Population and Civil Registration Office of East Manggarai Regency, namely: Internal factors, human resource factors, availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure. External factors are factors of public awareness to have population documents.

In general, when someone applies for a loan to a financial institution such as a bank or company, they will usually make an agreement that has been approved by both parties. However, it often happens that agreements are only based on verbal agreements, without being written. The aim of this research is to analyze the validity of verbal credit agreements using a car as collateral, as well as to examine whether the principle of good faith is applied in the agreement. This research is empirical legal research that uses primary and secondary data obtained from field research, literature and statutory regulations related to the issues raised. Data collection techniques are carried out through recording and documentation. This data is then analyzed and presented qualitatively. The research results show that the credit agreement made verbally between Party 1 and Party 2 meets all the requirements necessary to be considered valid in accordance with Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). There was an agreement to borrow money using a Toyota car as collateral. Party 1 has also carried out its obligations in good faith in accordance with the agreement made together with Party 2, without any violations. Party 1 repaid 30% of the total loan to Ketut within 5 months, with loan interest of 10% per month.    

Islamic Sharia establishes inheritance rules in a very regular and fair form. It stipulates the right to property ownership for every human being, both men and women, in a legal manner. Islamic Sharia also stipulates the right to transfer ownership of a person after death to his heirs from all his relatives and lineages. Islam details and explains through the Qur'an al-Karim the share of each heir with the aim of realizing justice in society. Inheritance according to Civil Law is inheritance law in the form of a set of legal provisions that regulate legal consequences. Traditional inheritance law is actually the law of passing on wealth from one generation to its descendants.

Al-Qur’an is a guide to life. Muslims generally practice receiving the Qur’an in various forms, reading, understanding, practicing, even in the form of socio-cultural reception. The study of the Living Qur'an in the Banjar community is also an effort by researchers to carry out a transformative ideology about the Al-Qur’an. The progress of Islamic civilization is greatly influenced by how people treat the Al-Qur’an in everyday life. In this research, it was found that the majority of Banjar people who live in the Kahlidiyah Rasyidiyah Islamic Boarding School believe that the Al-Qur'an contains various special prayers with certain virtues. People's reception of rajah also varies, including; Rajah is something that contains blessings and has certain powers because it is inscribed with verses from the Qur'an, so it can be concluded that the use of verses from the Qur'an in rajah is one of the many ways of glorifying the Qur'an.

The guardian of the lineage is a role that must be present in a marriage to act as a marriage guardian in marrying off one's daughter. This research discusses marriage annulment due to the marriage guardian not being the biological father with the aim and purpose of this research being to find out about legal tolerance in decisions from the perspective of Islamic law and Indonesian law, and to explain the position of the guardian in the Marriage Law. In this research the author uses normative research which is qualitative in nature, namely research which is descriptive in nature and tends to use analysis whose objects are legal principles, laws, rules, court decisions and doctrine. As well as using a research approach with library research (Library) and field research with data collection techniques. This research concludes that a marriage is invalid if it is carried out by someone who is not a guardian of the lineage or a guardian judge if there is a guardian of the lineage. So if that happens the marriage will be canceled. In the view of Islamic law, canceling a marriage is fasakh, which means broken. The marriage was damaged because of a defect in the marriage process. In Decision Number 1784/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mdn, it was found that the plaintiff's marriage guardian was his adoptive father, which in Islamic law states that the person who has the right to be the marriage guardian is the nasab guardian. His adoptive father admitted to the KUA that it was true that he was the biological father of the plaintiff and that he did not know the law that if a marriage is not with the guardian of one's lineage, the marriage is annulled because there is a legal defect in it. The judge's decision in this case was correct, because the defendants consisted of the husband, the chairman of the KUA, and witnesses to all the truth that happened. As stated in Article 1925 of the Civil Code: "A confession given before a judge is perfect evidence against the person who gave it, either personally or through someone who is given special authority for that purpose."    

This article is based on research that aims to describe the implementation of civil case decisions at the Semarang District Court and its constraints. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. It was found that the implementation of civil case decisions in the Semarang City court began with the indictment or submission of execution by the appellant and ended with the execution of confiscation. The obstacles are (1) the high cost as a guide for the Petitioners; (2) the lack of qualified personnel; and (3) competition or rejection of the accused. Efforts to overcome these obstacles are: (1) the head of the district court encourages both parties to compromise between the initiator of the indictment and his opponent (the accused) amicably; (2) sending confiscation replacement personnel to summon the conflicting parties and proposed additional personnel but was not successful; and (3) confiscation officials inform or send unresolved issues via electronic devices to the City of Semarang to postpone implementation.

Community Reading Center (TBM) as a means for children to learn is one of the programs formulated by the government to build a learning community by increasing children's interest in reading. However, it isn’t all TBM are able to support this purpose due to existence of conditiions facing it, as experienced by TBM Al Bayun in Bandasari Village. Therefore, in the Unpad’s PKM (Integrated KKN-PPM) activity, it is generally intended to assist the village government in carrying out one of its tasks, while specifically intended to help the management of Al Bayun TBM to become a child learning facilities. The Model chosen for the implementation of its activities is the quadruple helix collaboration. While the method of activity is in the form of assistance, counseling to the community related to literacy, and technical guidance in managing TBM. PKM can be held as planned and generally, the set of activities in TBM management can be carried out properly. This is inseparable from the collaboration between the government, universities, publishing business actors, and civil society.  The four collaborating parties can play their respective roles so that the aims and objectives of PKM activities can be achieved. This success also shows that with collaboration, the problems faced are more likely to be handled and all limitations can be completed

The updated category in the ASN Law, namely Government Employees with Work Agreements, is a matter of controversy, especially on the issue of Termination of Employment (PHK). Which in this case raises aspects that are confronted starting from the professionalism of work to how the legal protection covers it. In this article, we will discuss the position of government employees with work agreements, what kind of legal protection covers PPPK in the event of termination of employment, and what legal steps can be taken to object to layoffs. In accordance with the description of the background and discussion, it can be concluded that the position of the PPPK as an employee of the State Civil Apparatus who is appointed as a Personnel Supervisor Officer according to the needs of government agencies who also have almost the same rights as civil servants. However, PPPK's legal protection is still in the development stage, so there is a need for further improvement and development to increase legal protection for PPPK and ensure that their rights are optimally protected. This is in line with PPPK's status which is still contractual so that its rights are not as strong as those of permanent civil servants. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen legal protection for PPPK in order to improve the welfare and work stability of PPPK and improve the quality of public services. One effort that can be done is to provide clearer job security guarantees for PPPK, as well as provide equal legal protection to permanent civil servants. With legal certainty that guarantees and optimizes this, of course this is also in line with good governance.