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The making of traditional woven fabrics has traditionally used natural coloring. But at present, the manufacture of woven fabrics has been greatly influenced by the use of yarn from factories that have been colored with textile dyes. The use of colored yarn from the factory is due to the use of natural materials that fade quickly. The traditional knowledge of natural coloring began to forgotten. The Nekamese area has the potential for plants that can used as natural dyes. In addition, there are also natural ingredients that can be used as a mixture so that the color of woven fabrics does not fade. However, the partners do not have the knowledge and skills to utilize plants as natural dyes for making woven fabrics.

This article discusses the changes experienced by Sundanese children during puberty and the important role of the gospel spirit companion in guiding them. Sundanese society has unique and interesting characteristics that must be observed in its spiritual growth and understanding of the concept of salvation. Although Sundanese society already has good morals and a high spirit of tolerance, to achieve soul salvation according to the concept of Christian salvation, faith in Jesus Christ is needed. Unfortunately, children are often neglected in evangelism, and the lack of service to them is a problem that must be overcome. Therefore, the "Child Reureuh" activity was held to provide an understanding of the teachings of the Bible and the concept of salvation to Sundanese children. The research method used was qualitative descriptive, and this activity was carried out at Wisma Karang Tumaritis, Parompong, West Bandung. Involving children in evangelism is expected to build a strong foundation of faith from an early age and have a positive impact on their lives. This article aims to explore the role of contextual teams in introducing the love of Jesus Christ to Sundanese children and its impact on their ministry, as well as provide a comprehensive overview of contextual approaches in religious and humanitarian contexts.

Gradual changes in time change the perspective and behavior of human life. The development of global capitalism and consumer culture has led individuals or teenagers to a style of hedonism that is oriented towards materialistic concepts or pleasure because of material things. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study approach. The result of this discussion is that contemporary era hedonism is very different from Epicurean hedonism. Hedonism in Epicurus' view is oriented towards spiritual pleasure as a balance to material pleasure. Christian teenagers who orient themselves towards contemporary hedonism will enter the area of ​​attachment, while teenagers who self-reflect and pursue spiritual pleasure will be free from attachment, living in happiness in simplicity.

Nowadays, we have moved into the second oral era, enlivened by television and information technology. So the 'virtual world' grew which was supported by new tools with all the charming facilities. The changing reality of the world around us is a context that must be taken into account if we want to carry out faith preaching activities. The main problem of preaching in this era is not "what communication tools we should use" but "what kind of communication methods we need to use so that the message of faith is relevant to people living in the digital age." The Church recommends that pastors and people see positive opportunities from the media, while increasing awareness of the negative impacts of the media. It is not enough to simply use the media to spread authentic Christian messages and Church teachings. It is also necessary to integrate the Gospel message in the new culture created by modern communications. If the language of preaching which covers the entire appearance of the Church, its behavior, structure and attitudes is not updated, people today will not grasp the message conveyed by the Church. We must look for ways that can touch the sensibilities of modern society.

This research explores the relationship between music and philosophy within the context of Christian faith. The research methodology employed is descriptive and qualitative, utilizing a hermeneutic approach that involves literature review, in-depth interviews, and qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that music, as an art form that utilizes sound, plays a significant role in expressing Christian faith, facilitating church worship, and fostering fellowship. Christian philosophy is the study of the nature of reality. It helps to understand the meaning of music in the context of Christian beliefs, examine aspects of music, and develop Christian theology. The Bible provides guidance on the role of music and philosophy in the Christian faith. Music and philosophy complement each other, enriching the religious experience of Christians and encouraging a deeper appreciation of both

Christian Generation Z is negotiating adulthood within an unusually dense field of uncertainty: unstable work transitions, digital comparison, climate concern, post-pandemic disruption, and shifting religious participation. These conditions intensify future anxiety, understood here as anticipatory apprehension toward an unfavorable personal future. This article aims to construct a pastoral counseling model for Christian Gen Z who experience future anxiety without reducing their distress either to a clinical disorder alone or to insufficient faith. Because no field data were collected, the study uses a constructive conceptual design grounded in an integrative literature review, practical theological reasoning, and a critical synthesis of psychological, pastoral, and youth mental health scholarship published before 2024. The analysis identifies three main findings. First, future anxiety among Christian Gen Z is best interpreted as a narrative disruption of agency, meaning, belonging, and hope. Second, pastoral counseling requires an integrative stance that combines spiritual competence, evidence-informed anxiety care, digital awareness, and ecclesial accompaniment. Third, the article proposes the SELAH model: Situational-spiritual assessment, Empathic presence, Lament and meaning reconstruction, Adaptive agency planning, and Hope-building ecclesial accompaniment. The model offers a non-reductive framework for churches, counselors, and Christian educators while emphasizing referral, ethical boundaries, and further empirical testing.

This study discusses the crucial role of parents in building the religious foundation of children, focusing on the perspective of Christian religious education theology. Parents are viewed as primary agents in shaping the faith and spiritual values ​​of children. Through a theological approach, this study explores how parents can fulfill their role as religious educators within the household. Concepts such as communal prayer, scripture reading, and other religious practices are important in building the religious foundation of children. Additionally, the study outlines the importance of parents understanding Christian theology as the basis for the religious education of their children. By considering the principles of Christian religious education theology, parents can guide their children towards healthy spiritual growth and strengthen their relationship with God. Practical implications of this study include the implementation of contextual and relevant religious education methods tailored to the needs of children, as well as parents' efforts to consistently serve as models of faith for them. Thus, a profound understanding of the role of parents in building the religious foundation of children from the perspective of Christian religious education theology can provide valuable guidance for religious education practices at the household level.

This conceptual research article develops an eschatological-hope-based pastoral counseling model for congregants experiencing bereavement. Bereavement is not only an affective response to death but also a disruption of meaning, embodied routines, social belonging, and theological imagination. Contemporary grief research has clarified the distinction between normative grief, prolonged grief disorder, complicated spiritual grief, and the heterogeneous trajectories through which bereaved persons adapt. However, pastoral responses in local churches often remain fragmented, oscillating between sympathetic presence, doctrinal explanation, ritual care, and informal advice without an integrated model that is clinically cautious and theologically constructive. This study employs a qualitative constructive literature review, synthesizing bereavement psychology, meaning reconstruction theory, spiritual care research, and Christian eschatological theology. The article proposes the PASTOR model: Presence, Assessment, Story, Scripture, Theological lament, Ongoing communal practice, and referral and review. The main synthesis argues that eschatological hope should not be used to bypass grief but to hold lament, embodied absence, continuing bonds, and future-oriented resurrection hope within a disciplined pastoral process. The model contributes a practical framework for churches seeking to accompany mourners without medicalizing ordinary grief, minimizing suffering, or ignoring cases that require professional mental health referral.

Education has experienced rapid development along with the growing technological advances. This can happen because of the learning methods and systems supported by digital technology. This development shows the strong influence of the digital era. In the learning process, especially Christian Religious Education, one must have the ability to choose the right approach and method according to the material and learning objectives. The method used in this research is a qualitative literature/descriptive study. The purpose of this research is to explore various methods and digital technologies that can be used in Christianity learning, as well as evaluating their impact on students' understanding, learning motivation, and active participation in Christianity materials. The results of this discussion explain the learning methods that Christian Religious Education can use in this increasingly sophisticated digital era. The implication is that there is better accessibility in learning. To achieve these implications, it is necessary to transform learning methods to help each student understand and face moral dilemmas that arise in the use of technology in line with Christian teachings on ethics and morality.

The reasons why Christians find it difficult to mature spiritually include: 1) slowness to listen, 2) feeling that they already know, 3) hardening their hearts against God's words, 4) believing because they only want to get blessings, and 5) their first love for God has faded. The purpose of this research is to study and understand the efforts made by Christians in improving their spiritual life and the benefits are to provide better insight and understanding of effective practices in improving the spiritual life of Christians. Furthermore, the research method used by this author is a descriptive qualitative research method through library research related to "How Believers Improve Spirituality". In addition, the focus of discussion in this study is to provide understanding to believers in improving spirituality through prayer, reading the Bible, worship, and participating in church services. This research can also provide valuable input for churches and spiritual leaders in providing more effective mentoring and teaching for the spiritual growth of the congregation.

This paper explores the views of religious moderation and inclusivity in the evangelizing mission of Paul, a major apostle in early Christian society. Through analysis of Paul's letters, especially those related to evangelism, this paper aims to understand how the principles of religious moderation, inclusive attitudes, and the love of Christ became the foundation of Paul's mission of evangelism. This paper also explores the relevance of these principles in the context of evangelism in the modern era. The Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation in the context of evangelistic missions, with a primary focus on the central role of Christ's love in shaping and supporting early Christian evangelistic efforts. Through analysis of Paul's letters, research findings highlight that the views of moderation and inclusiveness promoted by Paul reflect the principles of unconditional love. The love of Christ, at the center of Paul's views, is not only a theological theme but also an intrinsic attraction that influences the hearts and souls of individuals. Paul's inclusive and moderate attitude formed the foundation of a Christian community that was open and welcoming to all levels of society. The implications of this view are highly relevant in designing modern evangelistic strategies that incorporate the love of Christ as a central force.

Christian religious education plays an important role in the development of complete personality and spiritual maturity in future generations. This article examines the role of Christian religious education in developing spritual maturity and a complete personaltiy. By using literary analysis anad a philosophical approach, this artikel highlights the importance of Christian religious education in helping people understand their identity and life goals in the broader context of existence. Christian religious education strategies that encourage personal reflection, spritual experience and the application of moral values in daily life are seen as efforts to develop strong and resilient personalities. Thus, this article provides an overview of how Christian religious education can become a pillar in developing the spiritual maturity and integrity of future generations.  

The background of this research problem is to find out (a) what factors influence the occurrence of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender); (b) the role of the family and church in dealing with LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender); (c) Christian theological views on LGBT. The research was conducted using qualitative research methods, namely interviews and internet sites. Data results obtained through interviews. The research results show: LGBT is a sexual deviation, which cannot be denied, Christians also fall into it. LGBT behavior is an abominable act in the eyes of God. This creates negative things in people's lives and health. Parents play a very important role in educating children, providing correct sex education that is in accordance with God's Word. This LGBT group has the right to repentance in Jesus. Because that is why Jesus came into the world to save humans from sin. The church also has a very important role in providing assistance to LGBT groups.

Many teenagers leave or no longer want to go to church because no one listens or pays attention to teenagers in the church, the role of teenagers in the church is not really appreciated, distrust of the role of teenagers, teenagers want to be guided, not preached to, the church has failed to adapt to today's times and teenagers, there are no facilities to support the development of teenagers in the church, there is no suitable community for teenagers in the church, the church seems to be too overprotective of its people. The purpose of this study, where the pastor must ensure that the needs of adolescents are met in terms of their spirituality and they must be listened to, valued in the church community, so that they feel welcome in the church, then adolescents are given service responsibilities in the church so that they develop their potential. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method through literature study, then the researcher interviewed 4 pastors in local churches in the Jakarta area to get answers in this study. the benefits that can be obtained are that Christian teenagers can put their hearts and be loyal to the church where they grow.

In the era of Big Data, securing sensitive information and ensuring data integrity have become paramount concerns due to the unprecedented volume and intricacy of data. Traditional security algorithms face significant challenges in adapting to the distinct characteristics of Big Data. This literature review explores the evolution of data security algorithms tailored explicitly for the Big Data landscape, aiming to address the increasing demand for robust security solutions capable of handling the unique challenges posed by the massive scale and complexity of data. By scrutinizing existing literature, the review unveils advancements, trends, and innovations developed by researchers and practitioners to mitigate vulnerabilities associated with handling vast datasets. The review also sheds light on emerging technologies and cryptographic techniques specifically designed for Big Data security, contributing to enhanced confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the face of evolving cyber threats. While these developments offer advantages such as improved data protection and threat detection, the review highlights challenges, including algorithmic bias, computational complexity, privacy trade-offs, and a shortage of skilled workforce. By considering these factors and emphasizing continuous improvement and ethical considerations, organizations can responsibly leverage data security algorithms to enhance information security in the era of Big Data.

The hotel's goal in running its business is of course to provide the best service to guests who stay overnight at the hotel or guests who only use the facilities or services available at the hotel. If a hotel can provide good service then the hotel has achieved success in accordance with its objectives. Success in achieving a goal is something that can be measured as the success of a company or agency. a leader is needed who is able to bring the hotel to its goals. Democratic leadership is a leadership style in which the leader involves team or group members in the decision-making process. This leadership style creates an environment where team members feel they have a voice and their contributions are valued. Democratic leaders support participation, cooperation, and shared leadership to achieve common goals. This research uses a qualitative approach. Secondary data is obtained externally through references from articles, journals and books. The sampling technique uses a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling method. The purpose of this research is to find out how the leadership of the food and beverage department of XY Jakarta Hotel involves employees in decision making to obtain wise decision results.

This article discusses the implementation of character education based on Christian values ​​in the secondary school curriculum. This approach aims to form students who are not only academically superior but also have strong moral integrity. This study was conducted through qualitative methods by interviewing Christian religious teachers and students. The results show that the values ​​of love, justice, and responsibility have a significant impact on building student character. This article recommends integrating Christian values ​​more explicitly into the learning process.

This study tested the effectiveness of an interactive learning model in improving children's understanding of biblical values. With a quasiexperimental design, the study involved 120 elementary school students in three churches. The results showed that interactive approaches, such as roleplaying and group discussions, improved students' retention and engagement. This study suggests the application of an experiential learning model for Christian religious education.

This article examines how Christian religious education curriculum can be a means to develop students' faith. This study uses a phenomenological approach to explore students' and teachers' experiences in the learning process. Findings suggest that spirituality-based approaches, such as prayer, meditation, and biblical reflection, are effective in fostering deep faith. This article recommends a curriculum model that is more integrated with spiritual practices.

Christian education is aimed at forming an individual who is integral and strong in the Christian faith. One key approach to achieving this goal is through a learning design that is rooted in Christian theological principles and the mission of evangelism. This learning design emphasizes the understanding and application of Christian values in everyday life. Interest in learning is an important factor that influences the learning outcomes of the students. Interesting learning designs that match the interests of the learners can increase their interest in the learning process. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the influence of the use of theological-based learning design models and the mission of evangelism on the learning interests of learners. The study uses descriptive qualitative methods to analyze data from a variety of sources of information. The results show that theological-based learning design models and evangelization missions can enhance the interest of students in learning. This is due to a number of factors, among others: This learning model focuses on Christian values that are relevant to the daily life of the student. The learning model involves the student actively in the learning process. It provides an opportunity for the student to apply Christian value in everyday life. This research has important relevance in an effort to improve the understanding and application of the theological-based learning design models and the mission of evangelism. This model of learning can help the student understand, internalize, and apply Christians values in daily life, as well as prepare them to play an active role in evangelization.