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In today's life, humans are faced with various challenges. A mature way of thinking is needed. Critical thinking is one of the thinking processes that is qualified in seeing, reading, analysing and responding to situations and issues that require solutions. Critical thinking is the process of analysing, examining and formulating judgements based on deeper thinking in addressing matters that need to be revealed. In this study, using descriptive qualitative research methods through a library research approach. As a result, it was found that the purpose of critical thinking is to reveal the truth by attacking and eliminating everything that is wrong, to reveal the truth. In building a critical mind, humans need the right foundation. Both in terms of knowledge and religion. In research related to building critical thinking skills is through a religious approach, in this case the Christian faith. The Bible is the basis of Christian life. The Bible is the authoritative Word of God in Christian life. The Bible as the foundation of critical thinking reveals that building critical thinking skills requires: Wisdom; Transformation of the intellect; and Testing and Evaluating everything before it is accepted and applied in life.

This study aims to explore church strategies in shaping the character of responsible servants and identify the teaching principles of Jesus according to the Gospel of Matthew 5-7 to be adapted in Christian Religious Education. This article uses descriptive qualitative method based on literature review. The results show that effective church strategies involve discipleship, pastoral counselling, fellowship, and Bible-based teaching. In addition, Jesus' teaching principles such as love, prayer, and obedience become the foundation of responsible character building. This study recommends integrating church strategies and Jesus' teaching principles to support the character building of church ministers and PAK students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of teacher creativity on the interest in learning PAK of class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar in the academic year 2024/2025. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with inferential descriptive statistics. The population was 130 class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar and a sample of 40 people was determined using a random sampling technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 35 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Creativity of Christian Religious Education teachers on the Learning Interests of class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar Academic Year 2024/2025, as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive influence test obtained rxy value = 0.551> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 40) = 0.312 thus it is known that there is a positive influence between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.072> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 38) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="25.127" + 0.912X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30.4%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable, namely 16.581 > 4.08. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence between the Sociodrama Learning Method by PAK Teachers on the Interest in Learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of Class V Students of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence of the sociodrama learning method on the interest in learning Christian religious education and character education of class V students of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2024/2025. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive inferential approach. The population of all students of Class V of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District who are Protestant Christians totaling 32 people as the research sample. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The questionnaire trial was conducted on 30 student respondents outside the research respondents, and its validity and reliability have been tested. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Sociodrama Method on the Interest in Learning PAK and Character Education of Class V Students of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2024/2025: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.862> rtable (α = 0.05, n = 32) 0.349, thus there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value of 9.311> ttable (α = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 30) 2.04227 thus there is a significant relationship between variable x and variable y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Ŷ = 2.50 + 0.53X. b) Determination coefficient test (r2) = 74.3%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable (α = 0.05, dk numerator k = 2, dk denominator = n-2 = 32-2 = 30 ) namely 84.73 > 1.62, thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Paul's theology of the Kingdom of God provides a profound understanding of God's governance that is already present and continues to develop in the lives of humanity. This concept encourages Christians to live according to Christian values such as love, justice, forgiveness, and peace. In Batak society, which upholds the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu and mutual cooperation, the values of the Kingdom of God can be integrated with local traditions to create social harmony. Active participation in the community through customary practices and social activities becomes a tangible manifestation of Paul's teachings about the Kingdom of God. Furthermore, this understanding offers hope and strength to Batak Christians in facing life's challenges, making their identity as citizens of the Kingdom of God a source of spiritual motivation. The integration of Paul's theology and Batak culture not only enriches local traditions but also strengthens Christian faith identity within the community. Through this contextual approach, a synergy between faith and culture is created, positively impacting daily life.

Evangelism in the modern era faces unique challenges and opportunities, especially in the context of a pluralistic society and digital technology. This article looks at evangelism from the perspective of Kiyai Sadrach, a Javanese Christian figure known for his contextualised and inclusive approach. Through this analysis, it will look at how Kiyai Sadrach's principles can be applied in the modern context to promote relevant and effective evangelism.

The volunteer gathering was part of PMI's anniversary activities in North Sumatra and Aceh, centered in the Aek Nauli Girsang Simpangan Bolon area of Simalungun Regency. This activity involved a team of PMI Volunteer members throughout North Sumatra and several Aceh regions. In a series of activities, PMI prepared a team of volunteers to carry out community service activities in the village for 3 days in Tiga Dolok Village, Dolok Parmonangan District, Simalungun Regency. Participants who participated in this service activity were around 60 people who were distributed in each hamlet in the village. The service actions carried out consisted of; socialization of the existence of PMI in general and specifically, namely socialization activities, gathering to the community about PMI, hygiene, health, blood donation, first aid, to disaster management. This activity was carried out with the aim that the village community, especially Tiga Dolok residents, understand how important awareness is in maintaining cleanliness and health amid a pandemic and a continuous rainy season. In addition, the community also needs to understand that PMI is not just a blood donor, but many other activities are carried out to educate and help the community in daily life and society.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the professional competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong 2024/2025. The method used in this study is the quantitative inferential statistical method. The population is all Christian students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong 2024/2025 totaling 254 people and a sample of 48 people is determined, which is 20% of the population using random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 35 items, namely 15 items for variable X and 20 items for variable Y. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence of the professional competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong 2024/2025 as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.618> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 48) = 0.284 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) A significant relationship test obtained a value of tcount = 5.330> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 46) = 2.021 thus there is a significant influence between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, the regression equation Y ̂="22.50" + 0.82X was obtained. b) Test of regression determination coefficient (r2) = 38.2%. Thus Ha is accepted and H0

This qualitative literature review explores the theoretical and methodological implications of developing team quality and sustainable culture at the top management level. The study highlights the importance of structured methodologies to enhance the capabilities of top management teams (TMTs) for achieving real teamwork and fostering a sustainable quality culture. Key findings emphasize the significance of a systemic view, emotional commitment, and continuous improvement as critical elements for success. Additionally, a strong organizational culture mediates the relationship between perceived ethics and organizational performance. While providing valuable insights, this review acknowledges limitations, such as reliance on existing literature and potential generalization issues across different organizational contexts. Future research should include empirical studies to validate these findings and explore additional factors influencing team quality and sustainable culture development at the top management level.

This literature review investigates the paradox of diversity by examining how Critical Race Theory (CRT) challenges conventional approaches to equity and inclusion in organizational settings. The study explores the limitations of traditional diversity management frameworks, which often focus on representation or meritocracy without addressing deeper systemic issues of racism and discrimination. By applying CRT's principles of intersectionality and social justice, this review highlights how diversity programs that neglect to confront historical and structural power imbalances may fail to achieve true equity. The findings suggest that CRT offers a more comprehensive approach to understanding diversity, enabling organizations to create strategies that address inequities at their core. However, the review also acknowledges the limitations of applying CRT in diverse global contexts and the challenges organizations may face in implementing these strategies. The study concludes by recommending further empirical research on the outcomes of CRT-based diversity initiatives and suggests expanding the focus beyond race to include other dimensions of diversity such as gender and disability.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Problem Solving learning model on student learning activity in Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The method used in this study uses a quantitative research method. The population is all Protestant Christian students in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, totaling 271 people and 41 people were determined as research respondents, namely 15% of the population. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 50 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is an influence of the Problem Solving learning model on the learning activity of students in Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.548> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 41) = 0.308 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.089> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 39) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="42","64"+0.84X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable = ( = 0.05, df numerator k = 15, df denominator = n-2 = 41-2 = 39) which is 16.70 > 1.92. Thus Ha, namely there is an influence of the Problem Solving learning model on the learning activity of students in Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Disability refers to the limited roles experienced by people with disabilities. In most groups of society, the existence of disabled people is often viewed negatively. Based on the concept of normality, this group of people tends to give a negative stigma to people with disabilities as abnormal or abnormal humans. What people with disabilities experience is considered a curse, a hereditary disease, or even the result of sinful actions. The Catholic Church in its various teachings places disabled people as God's ideal creatures who are equal to other humans. Specifically, in his apostolic exhortation Amoris Latetitia, Pope Francis invites families and Christian communities to accept and respect the rights of people with disabilities. The presence of disabled people should be seen as a gift from God, and the acceptance of families and Christian communities is the work of the Holy Spirit and a testimony of the gift of human life. This research is a descriptive qualitative study which aims to understand and find concrete implementation of the Catholic Church's view of people with disabilities from the perspective of Amoris Laetitia. The research results show that the Catholic church's views in Amoris Laetitia can be the basis for inclusive pastoral care to open up, embrace and involve people with disabilities in all aspects of church life. Forms of inclusive pastoral care that can be carried out include providing education and awareness about disabled people for the church community, providing accessible facilities for disabled people, providing pastoral and spiritual support, and actively involving disabled people in liturgical and other church activities.

This study aims to determine the effect of exemplary Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers on Christian character building and learning interest of grade XI students of HKBP 1 Tarutung Private High School in the 2023/2024 school year. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with inferential statistics. The study population included all grade XI students, totaling 214 people, with a sample of 43 students (20% of the population). Data were obtained through a closed questionnaire totaling 55 items. The results of the analysis show: 1) There is a significant influence of exemplary PAK teachers on the formation of students' Christian character, with the value of F count 10.628> F table 4.08 and an influence of 20.6%; 2) The exemplary of PAK teachers also affects students' interest in learning, with the value of F count 24.274 > F table 4.08 and an influence of 37.2%; 3) The exemplary of PAK teachers has a simultaneous influence on the formation of Christian character and student interest in learning, with the value of F count 14.411 > F table 3.08 and an influence of 41.9%. This result shows that the exemplary role of PAK teachers plays an important role in the formation of Christian character and increasing students' interest in learning. Thus, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, which confirms that the teacher's example has a significant positive impact on students.

Bullying in the school environment, especially at the high school level, has become an issue that is increasingly disturbing and urgent to be addressed. Many students who are victims of bullying experience lasting negative impacts, both psychologically and socially. This phenomenon not only affects students' academic lives, but can also result in serious emotional problems, such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to find effective solutions to prevent bullying behavior in schools. In this research, researchers used interview methods to explore in-depth data about individual experiences, opinions or feelings that are difficult to measure quantitatively. The role of Indonesian language teachers is very strategic. Apart from teaching language and literature, teachers have the opportunity to instill moral values ​​through selected learning materials. Literary works, for example, often contain themes of humanity and social interaction that are relevant to bullying behavior. By integrating Christian values ​​in language learning, teachers can help students understand the importance of empathy and compassion in relationships between people. From the results of research that has been conducted, it is clear that Indonesian language teachers at Marisi Medan Private High School have a crucial role in preventing bullying through instilling Christian values.

Sinaga, Novita Romaito. 2024. "The Influence of PAK Learning Interest Through the Implementation of the Game Based Learning Model for Class IX of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Academic Year 2024/2025." Thesis: Christian Religious Education Study Program, Tarutung State Christian Institute. The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of Game Based Learning by PAK teachers on the interest in learning PAK of class IX students of SMP N 4 Doloksanggul for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research uses quantitative with a descriptive approach to inferential statistics. The population is all class IX students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 149 people and a sample of 43 people was determined, namely 30% of the population using simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 46 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of Game Based Learning by PAK teachers on the interest in learning PAK of class IX students of SMP N 4 Doloksanggul for the 2024/2025 academic year: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.594> rtable = 0.301, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable significant between variable b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 35.3%. 3) Testing the hypothesis using the F test obtained Fcount> Ftable=22.28>1.51. Thus Ha is that there is a positive and significant influence of Game Based Learning by PAK teachers on the interest in learning PAK of class IX SMP N 4 Doloksanggul Academic Year 2024/2025 is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study investigates the influence of Koinonia (fellowship), Diakonia (service), and Marturia (witness) on congregational satisfaction at HKBP Cijantung Church. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative regression analysis and qualitative theological reflection, the research explores how these dimensions contribute to members' spiritual fulfilment and overall satisfaction within the church community. Statistical findings reveal a significant positive correlation between active engagement in fellowship activities, service-oriented initiatives, evangelistic efforts, and higher levels of congregational satisfaction. Theological insights underscore the biblical foundations of Koinonia, Diakonia, and Marturia, highlighting their role in shaping church identity and mission. Practical implications suggest enhancing these dimensions to foster community bonding, address social needs, and empower members in their faith journey. This research contributes to understanding the integral role of spiritual practices in church life and offers insights for church leaders seeking to cultivate vibrant, spiritually enriching communities.

The study aims to determine whether there is a positive and significant influence of the pedagogical competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence of the pedagogical competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The quantitative research method is descriptive and inferential. The population of all class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who are Protestant Christians is 116 people. The sample is random (random sampling), namely 35% from each class of 41 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of the data analysis obtained: a) The value of r count = 0.661> r table = 0.308 and t count = 5.501> t table = 2.02269 indicates a positive and significant relationship between the pedagogical competence of PAK teachers and the learning motivation of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. b) Regression equation. c) Determination test shows that the magnitude of the influence is 43.69%. d) Hypothesis test obtained F count = 30.372> F table = 3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the pedagogical competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of using quizizz-based audio-visual learning media on students' interest in learning in class XI Christian Religious Education subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Tukka, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the use of quizizz-based audio visual learning media on students' interest in learning in class XI Christian Religious Education subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Tukka, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The One-Group Pre-Post Design research method is an experiment carried out on just one group without a comparison group. The population of all class The sample was purposive sampling, namely students of class XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 with a total of 44 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.603>rtabel=0.297 and tcount=4.899>ttable=2.021 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of quizizz-based audio visual learning media and students' interest in learning in Christian Religious Education subjects. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 36.39%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=23.914>Ftable=3.23, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the use of quizizz-based audio visual learning media on students' interest in learning in class XI Christian Religious Education subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Tukka, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the teaching style of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the learning motivation of class Xl students at SMA Negeri 1 Siborong-borong, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research uses quantitative descriptive inferential research methods. The population was all students who were Protestant Christians in class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 35 items. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the teaching style of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the learning motivation of class rxy value = 0.494 > rtable(a=0.05,n=50) = 0.279, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable .05,dk=n-2=48)= 2.021, thus there is a significant relationship between variable .81X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 24.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=50-2=48) namely 15.45 > 1.92. Thus, Ha, that is, there is an influence of the teaching style of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the learning motivation of class.

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning model on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used is a quantitative research method with inferential statistics, because the research conducted is a sample study and the results are applied to the population. The population of this study consisted of 265 students in class XI SMK Negeri 2 Balige who were Protestant Christians and a sample of 53 people was determined using random sampling. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire. The results of the data analysis study obtained: a) Test of influence r count = 0.397> r table = 0.279; b) Significance test t count = 3.090> t table = 2.021; c) Regression equation Ŷ = 35.40  0.53; d) The coefficient of determination test shows that the influence is 15.8%; e) Hypothesis test Fcount = 9.57> Ftable = 3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between the Contextual Teaching and Learning learning model on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2024/2025 academic year.