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The study aims to measure how human emotional states are affected by music, both in increasing happiness and helping individuals manage sadness, musical characteristics such as tempo, tonality, and lyrics play an important role in shaping listeners' affective responses, where upbeat music with fast tempo and major tonality tends to promote positive moods, while melancholy music with slow tempo and minor tonality is more likely to evoke mood reflective or sad. This study used a pseudo-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design on a group of psychology students of the National University of PASIM, with two songs as a stimulus: "I Love U Bibeh" by The Changcuters and "Jiwa Yang Bersad" by Ghea Indrawati. The measurement instrument was a simple question about the mood of the respondents with a choice of sad or happy. The results showed that the song I Love U Bibeh increased the number of students who reported feeling happy from 30% to 76.7%, while the song Jiwa yang Bersad increased the number of students who reported feelings of sadness from 40% to 63.3%, although some respondents reported catharsis in the form of emotional relief. The discussion emphasized that music has a dual function, namely as a stimulus that is able to change mood as well as a means of regulating emotions through catharsis, with effectiveness that is also influenced by cultural closeness and individual music preferences. The conclusion of this study is that music can be seen as a relevant scientific instrument in supporting students' mental health, strengthening cultural identity, and improving the quality of life, so that the choice of music can be adjusted to emotional needs, both to increase happiness and to help accept and manage sadness.

This study aims to analyse the role of the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency in improving the quality of inter-city bus transportation services within the province (AKDP) based on Soekanto's role theory (in Solahudin et al, 2022), which is reviewed using three indicators: regulatory role, service role, and supervisory role. The research employed a qualitative research method with techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation of the Transportation Agency, Organda, PO owners, drivers and conductors, as well as passengers at Bungurasih Terminal. The results of the study show that in terms of regulation, the Transportation Agency has established tariff policies and Minimum Service Standards (SPM), but these have not functioned optimally as operational guidelines, as reflected in the low transparency of tariff information and the varying quality of the fleet. In terms of service, although safety inspection procedures and service facilities are available, the quality of safety, comfort, terminal facilities, as well as access to information and complaint mechanisms have not been consistently felt by users. In terms of supervision, tariff compliance control and SPM implementation remain weak and tend to be tolerant of irregularities. The main findings indicate a serious gap between normative standards and field practices, resulting in standards losing their coercive power as quality guarantors. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the enforcement of standards in a firm and consistent manner, increasing the transparency of service and tariff information, and conducting supervision that is oriented towards tangible results for the community.

English is an international language that plays an important role for students in the era of globalization; however, speaking anxiety or fear of speaking remains a major obstacle in academic practice within higher education institutions. This anxiety emerges as a complex psychological phenomenon involving cognitive, affective, and social aspects, rather than merely an issue of language proficiency. This study examines the problems faced by students, particularly those majoring in non English disciplines, in overcoming speaking anxiety in English academic settings. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving students of PASIM National University who exhibited varying levels of speaking anxiety. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns and themes.The findings indicate that speaking anxiety is caused by fear of making pronunciation and grammatical errors, concern about receiving negative evaluations, limited vocabulary, and a lack of experience in communicating in English. These conditions are further exacerbated by limited opportunities for speaking practice, non-interactive learning methods, and insufficient support from teachers and peers. Students developed adaptive strategies such as relaxation techniques, thorough preparation, positive self-talk, and consistent language practice. To create a safe learning environment in which students can speak English effectively, this study proposes learning strategies that are more inclusive, supportive, and grounded in psychological principles.  

Thei diisseimiinatiion of hadiith reifeirs to thei proceiss of transmiittiing, ciirculatiing, and iinteirpreitiing thei propheitiic tradiitiions of thei Propheit Muhammad (peiacei bei upon hiim) across geineiratiions through variious meidiia and scholarly meithods. Thiis proceiss plays a viital rolei iin preiseirviing thei contiinuiity of Iislamiic teiachiings whiilei einsuriing thei autheintiiciity of hadiith. Thiis artiiclei aiims to analyzei thei conceipt of hadiith diisseimiinatiion iin deipth by eixamiiniing iits theioreitiical foundatiions, hiistoriical practiiceis duriing thei classiical peiriiod, and iits transformatiions iin thei diigiital eira. Thei study eimploys a qualiitatiivei-deiscriiptiivei approach baseid on liibrary reiseiarch, drawiing upon both classiical and conteimporary sourceis iin hadiith studiieis. Thei fiindiings iindiicatei that hadiith diisseimiinatiion iis iinheireintly fleixiiblei and capablei of adaptiing to changiing conteixts and meidiia, whiilei reimaiiniing fiirmly groundeid iin thei priinciipleis of sanad (chaiin of transmiissiion), matn (teixtual iinteigriity), and scholarly eithiics.

This study aims to examine the influence of online reviews and the role of social media on brand loyalty toward MS Glow skincare products in Batam City. The population of this research consists of consumers in Batam City who have purchased and used MS Glow skincare products and have been exposed to online reviews and social media content related to the brand. A total of 204 respondents were selected using the Jacob Cohen sampling approach. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The analysis process included data quality testing, classical assumption tests, effect analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that online reviews contribute 33.7% to brand loyalty, while the role of social media contributes 66.9%. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) reveals that online reviews and social media collectively explain approximately 58.1% of the variance in brand loyalty. The findings from the t-test and F-test demonstrate that both online reviews and social media have a positive and statistically significant effect on brand loyalty, both individually and simultaneously, toward MS Glow skincare products in Batam City.

Stunting remains a chronic nutrition problem that requires strengthening community-based interventions, particularly through optimizing the role of posyandu cadres. This article aims to describe nutrition education and child growth monitoring for cadres as a strategy to prevent stunting at Posyandu Delima. The method employed was a participatory community empowerment approach based on health education. The activities were conducted through several stages, including needs assessment, development and delivery of nutrition education, hands-on practice in child growth monitoring, cadre mentoring, and evaluation with reflective feedback. The results showed an improvement in cadres’ knowledge and skills in interpreting growth indicators, identifying early risks of nutritional problems, and delivering structured nutrition education to caregivers of under-five children. Strengthening cadre capacity contributed to better quality of child growth monitoring and reinforced the role of posyandu as a community-based primary health service. In conclusion, integrated nutrition education and child growth monitoring are effective in supporting stunting prevention efforts and are aligned with national policies on strengthening maternal and child health services.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in improving the economy of rural communities, but still face various obstacles, particularly in packaging branding and marketing. Snack MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District, have good product potential, but are not yet supported by a strong brand identity, attractive packaging design, and optimal use of digital marketing. This community service activity aims to support MSME development through assistance with packaging branding and digital marketing. The implementation method includes observing MSME conditions, socializing the importance of branding and digital marketing, assistance in creating brand identities and product packaging designs, and assistance with promotions through social media. The results of the activity show an increase in MSME understanding of the importance of packaging branding and digital marketing, as well as improvements in the appearance of product packaging to be more attractive and have a brand identity. In addition, MSMEs have begun to utilize social media as a means of product promotion. This activity is expected to expand marketing reach, increase product competitiveness, and support the sustainability of MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District.

Musical modality, professionalism, and work quality in everyday musical practice constitute the main analytical framework of this study. This research departs from the view that musical professions are often reduced to hobby-based activities, whereas in practice they involve work strategies, professional attitudes, and negotiation between artistic idealism and market demands. This study employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with two musicians in the city of Solo, Aditya Ong and Indra Permana, who represent different backgrounds, professional roles, and musical orientations. The findings indicate that modality comprising experience, musical skills, and professional networks forms the foundation of musicians’ professionalism. Professionalism is reflected not only in technical competence, but also in work ethics, responsibility, and the ability to position oneself within various musical work contexts. Work quality is not understood normatively as good or bad, but as the outcome of how musicians manage their modality and professionalism in specific working situations. This study concludes that musical practice in Solo is shaped through continuous negotiation between artistic orientation, market demands, and the pursuit of livelihood stability. Musical modality, professionalism, and work quality are interconnected in forming musicians’ strategies to sustain their musical practices amid the dynamics of the local music industry.

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunization is a mandatory basic immunization that must be administered to infants before two months of age as a preventive measure against tuberculosis. Timely administration of the BCG vaccine is crucial to ensure optimal protection and to maintain continuity of subsequent immunization schedules. Maternal knowledge is one of the factors influencing the timeliness of immunization. The achievement of BCG immunization at Muara Fajar Community Health Center in 2025 was 76.1%, still below the annual target of 90%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the timely administration of BCG immunization among infants aged 0–2 months in the working area of Muara Fajar Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 59 mothers with infants aged 0–6 months were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing maternal knowledge of BCG immunization and the timeliness of BCG vaccine administration. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that most mothers were aged 26–35 years (59.3%), had a senior high school education (52.2%), and were housewives (71.2%). Nearly half of the respondents had low knowledge levels (47.5%), while 54.2% of infants received BCG immunization on time. The Chi-square test revealed a significant association between maternal knowledge and timely BCG immunization (p=0.001). This study concludes that maternal knowledge plays a crucial role in ensuring timely BCG immunization in infants.  

This research aims to analyze student learning activities in Mathematics through observational studies at SD Inpres 1 Koya Timur. Student learning activities are an essential aspect in determining the success of learning, particularly in Mathematics, which requires active student involvement in the processes of thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving. This study uses a qualitative approach with observation methods and a systematic literature review. Data were obtained through observations of fifth-grade students' learning activities during Mathematics lessons, supported by relevant literature analysis. The results show that student learning activities include visual, verbal, writing, mental, and emotional activities. Some students displayed active involvement through activities such as asking questions, answering questions, discussing, and completing assignments; however, there were still students showing passive involvement. Factors influencing student learning activities include the role of the teacher, teaching methods, the use of media and learning materials, the classroom environment, and student characteristics. This research concludes that the student learning activities in Mathematics classes at SD Inpres 1 Koya Timur are categorized as fairly active, but improvements are necessary by implementing student-centered learning strategies to make Mathematics learning more effective and meaningful.

Civil servant pension administration is a vital yet insufficiently studied public service function within decentralized governance systems, particularly in remote and peripheral local governments where administrative capacity and service accessibility are limited. Although pension policies are nationally standardized, their local-level implementation often reveals disparities in institutional resources, human capital, coordination mechanisms, and infrastructure, leading to uneven service quality and increased administrative burdens for retirees. This literature review aims to synthesize and critically examine scholarly discussions on civil servant pension administration from the perspectives of public service delivery, administrative capacity, and Public Human Resource Management (Public HRM), with a focus on remote and peripheral governance contexts. Employing a narrative–systematic literature review approach, the study analyzes peer-reviewed international journal articles using thematic analysis and conceptual synthesis. The review identifies four dominant themes: the procedural and coordination-intensive nature of pension administration; persistent administrative capacity constraints involving human resources, institutions, and systems; the exacerbating effects of geographic isolation and spatial inequality on service delivery; and the strategic yet underrecognized role of pension administration within public sector HRM and lifecycle governance. The findings suggest that pension administration challenges in remote regions reflect structural capacity mismatches inherent in decentralized systems rather than isolated implementation failures. This review contributes theoretically by integrating public service theory, administrative capacity, and Public HRM within a peripheral governance framework, and practically by emphasizing the need for context-sensitive, capacity-oriented pension service reforms to promote service equity, accountability, and organizational legitimacy in local governments.

Stunting remains a chronic nutrition problem that requires strengthening community-based interventions, particularly through optimizing the role of posyandu cadres. This article aims to describe nutrition education and child growth monitoring for cadres as a strategy to prevent stunting at Posyandu Delima. The method employed was a participatory community empowerment approach based on health education. The activities were conducted through several stages, including needs assessment, development and delivery of nutrition education, hands-on practice in child growth monitoring, cadre mentoring, and evaluation with reflective feedback. The results showed an improvement in cadres’ knowledge and skills in interpreting growth indicators, identifying early risks of nutritional problems, and delivering structured nutrition education to caregivers of under-five children. Strengthening cadre capacity contributed to better quality of child growth monitoring and reinforced the role of posyandu as a community-based primary health service. In conclusion, integrated nutrition education and child growth monitoring are effective in supporting stunting prevention efforts and are aligned with national policies on strengthening maternal and child health services.

Emotional intelligence (EQ) and spirituality (SQ) are two important aspects in shaping an individual's psychological balance. The study conducted a systematic review of 20 scientific articles to explore the relationship between the two in various contexts, such as education, organization, and health. The results of the study show that EQ and SQ are not only significantly interconnected, but also play a joint role in improving emotional regulation, resilience, and meaning of life. These findings confirm the importance of a holistic approach to self-development that integrates emotional and spiritual dimensions to achieve wholesome well-being. Further, empirical evidence indicates that individuals with high EQ and SQ tend to have better interpersonal skills, stronger adaptability, as well as lower levels of stress. The integration of these two constructs is also relevant for the design of positive psychology-based interventions and character education, as it can strengthen self-awareness, empathy, and value orientation. Thus, simultaneously strengthening EQ and SQ has the potential to be an effective strategy in improving quality of life and mental health across settings.

This study examines the integration of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a strategic legal instrument to support the development of the creative economy in Indonesia. The creative economy has become one of the main drivers of national economic growth; however, its development is often constrained by weak legal protection of intellectual property, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the integration of IPR into CSR programs plays a significant role in enhancing legal awareness, strengthening protection of creative works, and promoting sustainable economic empowerment for communities. CSR-based IPR protection not only benefits right holders but also contributes to inclusive development and corporate sustainability. Therefore, strengthening CSR policies oriented toward IPR protection is essential to ensure balanced economic growth and legal certainty in the creative economy sector.

The governance of village funds represents a critical dimension of decentralized public financial management, particularly in remote and capacity-constrained regions where oversight mechanisms face structural limitations. This literature review examines the role of Risk-Based Internal Audit (RBIA) as a strategic instrument for strengthening the supervision of village fund management through risk mapping, early warning mechanisms, and fraud prevention. Adopting a state-of-the-art literature review design, the study synthesizes peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and authoritative institutional reports published primarily within the last five years. The review integrates the analytical lenses of RBIA as articulated in the International Professional Practices Framework, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) based on ISO 31000 and COSO ERM, the COSO Internal Control–Integrated Framework, and the Fraud Triangle and Fraud Diamond theories. Thematic synthesis reveals that effective village fund oversight depends on the systematic identification and prioritization of risk, the alignment of audit planning with high-risk areas, and the integration of internal control and risk management processes into audit assurance. Furthermore, the literature highlights the growing relevance of early warning systems and audit analytics in enabling proactive detection of emerging risks and potential fraud, although their implementation in remote areas remains constrained by limited data quality, digital infrastructure, and administrative capacity. This review contributes theoretically by consolidating fragmented strands of audit, risk management, and fraud literature into an integrated conceptual framework tailored to village fund governance. Practically, it offers evidence-based insights for auditors, policymakers, and local governments seeking to enhance accountability and risk-responsive oversight in decentralized and remote public finance settings.

The Emergency Room (ER) is a hospital service unit that plays a strategic role in treating patients with critical and emergency conditions. The high number of patient visits and limited resources require an effective triage system to ensure quality of service and patient safety. The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a five-level triage system that classifies patients based on the level of severity and resource requirements. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the implementation of triage based on the Emergency Severity Index and the improvement of EAD service quality at Sari Asih Cipondoh Hospital. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of EAD patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through observation of triage implementation and patient satisfaction questionnaires, then analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the proper implementation of ESI triage was significantly associated with improved quality of ED services, particularly in terms of speed of service and patient satisfaction. The conclusion of this study confirms that the implementation of ESI triage is an important factor in efforts to improve the quality of ED services.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in improving the economy of rural communities, but still face various obstacles, particularly in packaging branding and marketing. Snack MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District, have good product potential, but are not yet supported by a strong brand identity, attractive packaging design, and optimal use of digital marketing. This community service activity aims to support MSME development through assistance with packaging branding and digital marketing. The implementation method includes observing MSME conditions, socializing the importance of branding and digital marketing, assistance in creating brand identities and product packaging designs, and assistance with promotions through social media. The results of the activity show an increase in MSME understanding of the importance of packaging branding and digital marketing, as well as improvements in the appearance of product packaging to be more attractive and have a brand identity. In addition, MSMEs have begun to utilize social media as a means of product promotion. This activity is expected to expand marketing reach, increase product competitiveness, and support the sustainability of MSMEs in Batumarta 1 Village, Lubuk Raja District.

The digital transformation of public service delivery has become a central agenda in contemporary public administration, positioning local governments as critical actors in translating national digital strategies into tangible, citizen-facing outcomes. Despite rapid diffusion of digital platforms and e-government initiatives, substantial variation persists in the performance, inclusiveness, and sustainability of digital public services across local contexts. This variation points to persistent challenges related to administrative capacity constraints within local governments and uneven levels of citizen readiness to access and use digital services. Addressing these challenges, this article presents a comprehensive literature review that aims to (1) map the conceptual evolution of digital public service delivery in local governments, (2) synthesize empirical findings on the roles of administrative capacity and citizen readiness, and (3) identify key theoretical and empirical gaps in the existing scholarship. Methodologically, the study adopts a systematic literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last five years and indexed in major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The selected literature is analyzed using thematic synthesis, guided by an integrated theoretical framework combining Digital Government Theory and Digital Era Governance as overarching transformation lenses, Administrative Capacity and Capacity Building Theory and Competency-Based Human Resource Management to explain organizational and human resource determinants, Digital Divide Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to capture citizen-side readiness and adoption dynamics, and Policy Implementation Theory to account for institutional and regulatory mediation. The synthesis reveals several dominant patterns: digital service performance is strongly conditioned by leadership, coordination, information capacity, and workforce competencies; citizen uptake is shaped not only by access and skills but also by perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust; and policy design and implementation processes mediate the interaction between supply-side capacity and demand-side readiness. Importantly, the review shows that these factors are mutually constitutive rather than independent, challenging linear and technology-centric models of digital transformation. The article concludes by advancing an integrative conceptual understanding of local digital public service delivery and by outlining theoretical implications for digital public administration research as well as practical policy recommendations for designing inclusive, capacity-sensitive, and sustainable digital public services at the local level.

Heavy equipment effectively plays a key role in ensuring productivity and efficiency in the precast concrete industry of spun pile concrete at PT Adhi Beton Purwakarta. One of the heavy equipment that plays an important role is the mobile crane, especially for moving large concrete components. In this study, field data was processed by analyzing the productivity and efficiency of the Tadano GR-500EXL type mobile crane with a capacity of 50 tons. Current problems are high idle time, lack of operational synchronization, and suboptimal utilization of technological features on the crane unit. The results show that spun pile concrete weighing 6.78 tons based on the analysis of heavy equipment productivity is 40.68 tons/hour with the number of mobile crane heavy equipment needed as many as 2 units, and the efficiency for crane heavy equipment reaches around 68%. The amount of productivity and needs are to support the target of achieving precast concrete production, especially spun pile concrete. Thus, it is expected that the amount of productivity and the number of mobile crane heavy equipment needs are optimal to support production.

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is an important effort to improve infant health and survival. Although the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are widely known, its practice is still not optimal in various regions due to the influence of social and cultural factors. This study aims to analyze the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers. The study used a descriptive analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 30 mothers with infants aged 6–12 months at the Kobe Community Health Center, selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test. The results showed that 56.7% of mothers successfully provided exclusive breastfeeding. Husband's support and family traditions had a significant relationship with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, with p = 0.030 and p = 0.040, respectively. Mothers who received high husband's support and were in a supportive family environment had a greater chance of successfully providing exclusive breastfeeding. This study concluded that socio-cultural factors play an important role in determining the success of exclusive breastfeeding.