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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycemia are common health problems among adults and can develop into cardiovascular diseases and diabetes if not detected early. This community service activity was carried out to provide education on risk factors, prevention, and control of cholesterol, uric acid, and blood glucose levels among parents of students at RA Avicenna in Sorong City, as well as to conduct examinations of these three parameters as an early detection effort. The methods used included interactive counseling using presentation media, question-and-answer discussions, and health checks using point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. A total of 23 respondents participated, ranging in age from 22 to 55 years. The results showed that 22 individuals had normal blood glucose levels and 1 individual had high glucose levels. Nine people had normal cholesterol levels, eight were in the borderline category, and six had high cholesterol levels. Five participants had normal uric acid levels, while 18 had elevated uric acid levels, for which additional education and recommendations for further medical examination were provided. In conclusion, educational activities combined with health screening proved effective in increasing community awareness and motivation to prevent NCDs early.

Bullying behavior in elementary schools, characterized by the intentional harm of others, can manifest as teasing, harsh words, intimidation, and physical actions. It involves aggressive and repeated behavior aimed at demeaning others, which can significantly impact victims. Repeated bullying can lead to psychological issues, hindering students' ability to engage in the learning process, communicate with peers, and interact at home. Bullying in schools can result in mental health problems like anxiety and depression, academic struggles such as poor performance and truancy, and social challenges like difficulty forming relationships. Long-term effects may include trauma, low self-esteem, and even self-harm. To prevent bullying, schools should adopt a holistic approach that includes collaboration with parents and students. Strategies involve character education to promote empathy and respect, establishing clear school policies, and creating a safe, supportive environment. Raising awareness through anti-bullying campaigns and providing psychological support for victims, along with intervention for perpetrators, can further contribute to reducing bullying. Engaging the entire school community in these efforts is crucial to creating a positive, inclusive atmosphere where bullying is actively prevented.

This research is motivated by problems related to obstacles in the ability to master English vocabulary, in which children find it very difficult to memorize English words, the accuracy of pronouncing English vocabulary delivered by the teacher, especially when memorizing vocabulary with more than one syllable as well as the presence of errors or inaccuracies in pronunciation and in answering the intended meaning during English learning activities. The reality found in the field shows that the children’s English vocabulary ability has not yet demonstrated significant success. Out of a total of 12 students, only 4 children have the expected level of ability. The purpose of this study is to describe efforts to improve children’s English vocabulary using the singing method. The benefits of this research include improving students’ English vocabulary skills, encouraging teachers to become more creative and innovative, and contributing to school quality improvement. This study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) with two cycles, and each cycle consists of two meetings. The research was conducted at PAUD An-Nur located in East Pontianak. The improvement actions implemented showed satisfactory results. In Cycle I, children’s ability to pronounce English vocabulary reached 33%, which was still below the Minimum Mastery Criterion (MMC) of 70%. Furthermore, in Cycle II, the results reached 83%, which was already above the MMC. It can be concluded that the singing method is effective in improving children’s English vocabulary.

This study has two main objectives, namely (1) to identify various difficulties experienced by students in reading activities in class III of MI Al-Barokah, and (2) to analyze the application of puzzle media as an alternative solution to overcome these difficulties. The research approach used is qualitative with a case study method. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of teaching and learning activities. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, which includes the stages of data collection, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that third-grade students at MI Al-Barokah still faced various obstacles in reading, including spelling letters one by one, needing the teacher's help when pronouncing words, difficulty distinguishing certain letters, often repeating words or sentences, and not being able to read fluently overall. The use of puzzle media proved to be effective in helping teachers overcome these problems. The use of this media was also able to increase student activity, foster a spirit of learning, and foster their interest in reading activities in the third grade at MI Al-Barokah.

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) indicate a higher prevalence among children compared to other infections, contributing to over 870,000 deaths of children under five years of age each year, or approximately 2,320 children every day. Eucalyptus oil contains chemical compounds such as eucalyptol, cineole, linalool, and terpineol, which produce a warming sensation when applied to the skin. Inhaling eucalyptus oil can relieve respiratory problems because the vapor acts as a decongestant, helping reduce nasal congestion, ease breathing, thin mucus for easier expulsion, and maintain moisture in the respiratory mucosa.The purpose of this study was to analyze nursing care for children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) experiencing ineffective airway clearance using the intervention of warm water vapor and eucalyptus oil inhalation. The method used was a case study, with data collected through interviews with the patient’s family, observation, physical examination, and nursing documentation.The coloring therapy intervention was given once daily for three consecutive days during the implementation phase. After the administration of warm water vapor and eucalyptus oil therapy to patient An.D, who had an acute respiratory tract infection with ineffective airway clearance, there was an observable improvement in cough intensity and mucus expulsion. The patient’s respiratory rate decreased from 42 breaths per minute to 30 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) returned to normal.It can therefore be concluded that warm water vapor and eucalyptus oil therapy has a positive effect on children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) who experience ineffective airway clearance.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection leading to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a global public health issue, with 39 million people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Although X Hospital in Malang City provides a comprehensive care program, internal data shows a significant level of non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, often in the form of irregular consumption or discontinuation of medication without medical recommendation. This observational study with a cross-sectional approach aims to identify the determinants of ARV non-adherence, involving 81 non-adherent AIDS patients at Hospital X through total sampling techniques. The characteristics of the respondents were dominated by males, highly educated, and working in the non-government sector, with the majority using the ARV regimen TLD, COTRIMOXAZOLE. The results of statistical analysis indicate that all eight determining variables tested show a highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) with non-compliance, meaning that the more severe the problems with these factors, the lower the patient compliance. Furthermore, the top five factors showed a very strong positive correlation (r > 0.80) with non-adherence, namely motivation/depression, social support, communication with service providers, treatment costs, and age or routine. These findings underscore that these five key determinants must be a crucial focus in designing and implementing targeted intervention strategies to effectively improve patient adherence to ARV therapy.

This study aims to identify various aspects that pose obstacles or difficulties for students in learning Mechanics. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach that focuses on describing the types of difficulties students encounter in solving mechanics problems. The research subjects were first-semester students of the Science Education Study Program at KH. Mukhtar Syafaat University (UIMSYA) Blokagung Banyuwangi who were taking Basic Physics courses on Mechanics material. Data collection was carried out through diagnostic tests and interviews with students. The instruments used were diagnostic tests and interview guidelines. The location of students' learning difficultdiies was analyzed based on the errors that appeared in the completion of the diagnostic test. The results showed that the main difficulty students had in learning mechanics was in mastering basic mathematical skills, particularly in differential and integral material. Therefore, lecturers or teachers need to design and develop more appropriate learning strategies so that students' problem-solving skills can improve.

The Tungku Bokong ritual is a traditional practice of the Manggarai people found in Reok and West Reok Districts, Manggarai Regency. This study aims to analyze the soteriological concept within the ritual, focusing specifically on its implementation in West Reok District. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with customary leaders and a review of relevant literature. The findings reveal that Tungku Bokong literally means “reconnecting the provision (blessing),” referring to an effort to restore the flow of blessings believed to have been disrupted an interruption that is thought to cause life problems such as illness, misfortune, or nightmares. The uniqueness of this ritual lies in its understanding that suffering and life difficulties can become a gateway to blessings or restoration. The central questions guiding this research are how the Tungku Bokong ritual is regarded as an act of attaining salvation for an individual, and what meaning it holds for the people of West Reok District. The study shows that the salvation gained through this ritual is not only material but also involves the restoration of relationships with ancestors and the Creator (Mori Kraeng). Meanwhile, suffering and various life challenges are understood as consequences of a disrupted blessing and as a means of awakening individuals to return to a balanced life.

This study discusses consumer protection in the circulation of illegal cosmetic products through electronic commerce systems, focusing on the implementation of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The main problems of the research include legal regulations related to illegal cosmetics, legal provisions regarding electronic commerce, and consumer protection mechanisms against the circulation of illegal cosmetics on e-commerce platforms. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative legal research approach through literature studies, which involves primary, secondary, and tertiary data sources. The results of the study show that cosmetic distribution permits are regulated in the Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number 12 of 2023 concerning the Supervision of the Manufacture and Circulation of Cosmetics. In electronic commerce, transactions occur electronically between sellers and buyers by involving a third party as the platform provider. Dispute resolution between consumers and business actors is regulated in the Consumer Protection Law through two channels, namely litigation and out-of-court dispute resolution. The research concluded that every cosmetic in circulation must have a distribution permit in the form of a BPOM Notification, and business actors are responsible for providing compensation in the form of refunds or product replacements. The research recommendations emphasize the importance of consumer prudence, honesty of business actors, and the government's firmness in handling consumer problems.

This study aims to analyze the implementation gap (Das Sein) against the normative provisions (Das Sollen) regarding the prohibition on riding a motorbike with more than one passenger (Bonceng Tiga/BOTI) as regulated in Article 106 Paragraph (9) of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation (LLAJ Law). The main problems studied are the factors underlying public non-compliance and the effectiveness of the role of the authorities in implementing criminal sanctions in the form of fines in Article 292 of the LLAJ Law. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The secondary data analyzed are in the form of primary legal materials (LLAJ Law) and secondary (journals, books, study results). The results of the initial study indicate a significant gap between the prohibition norm (Das Sollen) and practice in the field (Das Sein). Public non-compliance is influenced by socio-economic factors (wanting to save time and costs), while the effectiveness of the maximum fine of IDR 250,000.00 (Article 292) is considered low because the nominal value does not create an adequate deterrent effect. In addition, inconsistent law enforcement also exacerbates ineffectiveness. Therefore, a revision of the legal substance and an increase in enforcement consistency are needed to optimize traffic safety guarantees.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between authoritarian parenting and early childhood creativity. Creativity is an important aspect of child development because it plays a role in shaping the ability to think, solve problems, and express ideas freely. However, the process of creativity development is often influenced by parenting styles at home. Authoritarian parenting is known as a parenting style that tends to be rigid, full of control, and demands obedience without providing space for children to express their opinions. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving children aged 4–6 years and their parents. Data were obtained through parenting questionnaires and observations of children's creativity. The results showed a negative relationship between authoritarian parenting and creativity. The higher the level of authoritarianism applied, the lower the child's creativity. This finding emphasizes the importance of more open parenting for optimal development of children's creativity.

Christian religious education (Christian Religious Education) teaching still lacks the capacity to facilitate students' development of LOTS and HOTS. Therefore, students need to be actively involved in the learning process. Students are unable to complete difficult-level questions due to their low-level thinking skills, but they still tend to complete lower-level questions. This study aims to integrate low-level and high-level thinking skills into the Christian Religious Education (Christian Religious Education) learning process. Using qualitative research with a library approach, the results revealed students' ability to understand Christian Religious Education material through the integration of low-level (LOTS) and high-level (HOTS) thinking skills. The study concluded that LOTS and HOTS can be integrated into Christian Religious Education (Christian Religious Education) learning, enabling students to answer both easy and difficult questions when given by educators in classroom assessments and solve problems encountered in real life. Therefore, Christian religious education needs to focus on developing these two thinking skills in order to improve the overall quality of learning.

This study investigates the clinical handover process as a critical component of patient safety and healthcare service quality in hospital settings. Inconsistent communication, incomplete documentation, and the absence of standardized procedures were identified as major problems contributing to communication failures and potential adverse events. The objective of this research was to develop and test a structured and effective handover model that could improve communication accuracy and documentation reliability among healthcare professionals. A mixed methods design was employed, consisting of a qualitative phase (in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis) to explore real-world handover practices, followed by a quantitative phase using a pretest–posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The study proposes an integrated handover model based on SBAR-IM (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Intervention, Monitoring) strengthened by Quality Control (QC) and Mutual Confirmation (MC) mechanisms. The findings demonstrate a significant improvement in handover quality after implementation, with communication scores increasing from 74 to 84.5 and documentation scores improving from 48.3 to 63.0 (p < 0.05). Qualitative results further revealed reduced communication errors, improved clarity of clinical information, and enhanced interprofessional collaboration. This study concludes that the proposed SBAR-IM–based QC–MC model is effective, practical, and suitable for improving patient safety and healthcare service quality in hospital environments.

Body shaming and physical discrimination are significant issues affecting adolescents' psychological development. Adolescents who experience negative treatment related to their physical appearance often face low self-esteem, stress, and social isolation. This article discusses the implementation of multicultural counseling as an effective intervention strategy to address these problems. Multicultural counseling emphasizes understanding cultural differences, values, and social norms that influence perceptions of the body and appearance. This approach involves self-reflection techniques, group discussions, role-playing, and personal experience narratives to enhance self-awareness, empathy, and adolescents’ ability to cope with body shaming and physical discrimination. In addition, counselors provide education on social stereotypes, beauty standards, and the importance of inclusion, helping adolescents develop adaptive coping mechanisms. Research findings indicate that multicultural counseling can reduce negative psychological impacts, increase self-acceptance, and promote tolerance toward physical diversity. The implementation of this counseling is essential for creating social environments that support adolescents’ mental and emotional development. This article offers practical contributions for counselors, educators, and psychology practitioners in designing multicultural-based interventions that are sensitive to issues of body shaming and physical discrimination

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of agricultural extension policy in empowering shallot farmers in Rejoso Village, Nganjuk Regency. The background of this research is based on the importance of agricultural extension as a public policy instrument that functions to enhance farmers’ knowledge, skills, and independence. Although extension programs have been routinely implemented, their effectiveness needs to be evaluated to ensure that the policy truly addresses the needs and problems faced by farmers in the field.This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion-drawing techniques. Data validity was tested through source and method triangulation. The results show that the agricultural extension policy in Rejoso Village is considered effective based on the five indicators of public policy effectiveness proposed by Riant Nugroho, namely accurate policy, accurate implementers, accurate targets, supportive environment, and proper process. The extension materials are relevant to farmers’ needs, the implementers possess adequate technical competence, and the program successfully reaches active shallot farmers. A strong socio-institutional environment, supported by farmer associations, contributes to effective implementation, although ecological challenges such as extreme weather and pest attacks remain. The extension process is systematic and participatory, covering stages of planning, implementation, assistance, and evaluation. Overall, the agricultural extension policy in Rejoso Village has improved the capacity and independence of shallot farmers. However, strengthening the number of extension workers, digitalizing evaluation systems, and providing entrepreneurship training are necessary to ensure the sustainability of policy effectiveness.

Children under two years old (Baduta) are vulnerable to nutritional problems due to their rapid growth and development phase. Supplementary feeding (PMT) using locally sourced foods is an effort that can support adequate nutritional intake during this period. This community service activity aimed to increase mothers' knowledge regarding the importance of PMT and the introduction of nutritious local food ingredients that are easily accessible. The activity was conducted in Lawata Village, Kolaka Utara Regency, involving 30 mothers with Baduta. The method used was educational counseling and interactive discussion covering the definition, benefits, timing of supplementary feeding, and examples of local nutritious foods such as fish, eggs, tempeh, legumes, vegetables, and tubers. The results showed an improvement in participants' understanding of appropriate supplementary feeding practices. Mothers also expressed willingness to apply the knowledge gained in daily feeding practices at home. This program is expected to increase family awareness of balanced nutrition and encourage the use of local food sources to support optimal child growth and nutritional status improvement.

This research aims to design and build a letter archive information system at the KOFIPINDO Law Office to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of document management. The manual filing system that has been used so far poses various obstacles, such as search delays, the risk of losing documents, and low storage accuracy. To overcome these problems, this study applies the Waterfall System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model in the process of designing and building the system. Web-based technologies used include PHP, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, and MySQL. The results of the study show that the developed letter archive information system is able to simplify the process of storing, searching, and managing incoming and outgoing letters in a faster, structured, and safer manner. The implementation of this system not only improves administrative performance, but also strengthens accountability and supports the need for professional legal documentation within the KOFIPINDO Law Office. Thus, this web-based mail archive information system can be a strategic solution in modernizing legal document management.

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in children. Long-term use of antiepileptic drugs carries the risk of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) such as drug interactions, inappropriate dosing, and untreated indications. This study aimed to identify the types and incidence of DRPs in pediatric epilepsy outpatients at Embung Fatimah General Hospital, Batam. This was a descriptive, non-experimental study with a retrospective design. Data were collected from pediatric medical records (<18 years) between January–December 2024, with a total of 45 patients. DRPs were identified using the American Society of Hospital Pharmacist (ASHP) classification. Of 45 patients, the majority were aged 1–5 years (38%) and female (53%). The most frequently used antiepileptic drug was sodium valproate (56.36%). Identification DRPs included drug interactions (63.16%), untreated indications (5.26%), and inappropriate drug selection (5.26%). No cases of overdose or failure to receive medication were found. The most dominant DRP in pediatric epilepsy patients was drug interactions, particularly between valproic acid and folic acid.

This research at TPA Siti Hajar aims to determine the impact of democratic parenting on the creativity of early childhood aged 4-5 years. The study found that 80% of respondents demonstrated good assessment results, while 20% achieved excellent grades. Democratic parenting, observed in this study, plays a significant role in fostering independence and confidence in children. This type of parenting is ideal for educating children, as it promotes responsibility, leadership, independence, and the ability to build healthy interpersonal relationships. Creativity, as defined in the study, is the ability to generate new ideas, solve problems, and produce innovative products. Using a quantitative approach with an experimental method, the research involved 10 out of 15 children from TPA Siti Hajar. Data was collected through observation and interviews. The results showed a significant correlation between democratic parenting and the development of children's creativity. Children exposed to democratic parenting exhibited increased independence and creativity, adapting well to their school environment. The study concludes that democratic parenting significantly influences early childhood creativity, fostering a safe and supportive space for children to thrive. This positive influence encourages independence while maintaining clear, consistent boundaries, which enhances their creative and developmental stages.

The campus is a meeting place for various cultures due to the diverse backgrounds of its students. As a result, social interactions that can foster a sense of togetherness and mutual respect are necessary. This study focuses on the experiences of Papuan students at the State University of Medan (UNIMED), known as the Character Building University, particularly how they adapt and interact in the campus environment. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews and observations to describe how Papuan students adapt, the initial problems they face, such as differences in dialect, communication style, and academic activity dynamics, as well as the elements that help them build good social relationships. The results of the study show that Papuan students are able to establish positive relationships with their environment, even though the initial adaptation process is rather difficult. They increase their confidence and communicate better with others through academic activities such as discussions, group work, and presentations. Overall, the experience of interaction on campus greatly helps Papuan students become more adaptive, inclusive, and in line with UNIMED's character building objectives.