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Phonology is one of the main subjects that make up the study of language, which is called the scientific study of the structure of language. One way to understand the meaning of language is to compare it to other parts of language. Basically, phonology is a science that studies the sound structure of language, as opposed to the study of sentence structure (grammar), word structure (morphology), and language variation over time (history). This definition is too simplistic and unnecessary. The research method used in writing this article is library research, this method is to search for reference materials through previous scientific works, in the form of journals, theses, books, etc. According to Seewoester (2009), humor is the manipulation of language at the linguistic level. Creating confusion and ambiguity with your words can influence many reactions from your audience, including laughter and confusion. Be careful with your language. Some strategies for creating humor in comic situations use sound effects such as sound substitution, deletion, addition, deductive pairing, metathesis, and sound compatibility.

Smuggling of used clothes is a criminal act that is still a serious problem in Indonesia.This is certainly a concern from various parties, especially Customs and Excise as an agency that has duties and responsibilities in the field of Customs. Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 10 of 1995 gives authority for Customs and Excise to carry out their roles in accordance with the scope of duties and functions carried out. However, in practice in the field, cases of smuggling of used clothes continue to be found, one of which is in the Atambua City area This research uses an empirical juridical research method, which is a study that directly examines the phenomenon of smuggling used clothes that occurs in the field, as well as the role of Customs and Excise investigators and the obstacles of Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the smuggling of used clothes by conducting an interview with the Head of the Atambua Customs and Excise Office, Head of the Atambua Customs and Excise Enforcement and Investigation Section, Atambua Customs and Excise Investigator Members and the public who are consumers and sellers of used clothes. The results of the study showed: (1) The role of Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the crime of smuggling used clothes in the Atambua City area includes preventive measures, namely socializing to the public about the smuggling of used clothes and conducting patrols. (2) The obstacles experienced by Customs and Excise investigators in eradicating the crime of smuggling used clothes in the Atambua city area include the breadth of the surveillance area, accessibility, the high interest of the Atambua community in consuming used clothes, law enforcement factors where there are still law enforcement personnel involved in smuggling, facilities or facilities where the number of transportation and investigator members is still minimal, community factors where there is still a lack of sensitivity and community participation in eradicating the smuggling of used clothes in the Atambua city area.

Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a technology that has been widely used in various fields. fields. Such as ship navigation, aviation industry, air traffic surveillance, weather monitoring, and security applications. air traffic control, weather monitoring, and security applications. Radar utilizes electromagnetic signals to detect, track, and determine the distance and position of surrounding objects. of objects in the vicinity.

This study explores the role of analysis in revealing other sides of perception in the context of works of art, especially in music. With a focus on the theme "other side of the eye", this research explores how analysis allows a deep understanding of the layers of meaning hidden behind the work of art. By involving an interdisciplinary approach and relevant case examples, this study strengthens the importance of analysis as an essential tool in unraveling the complexity of works of art.

Education stands as a dynamic force in human and societal development, continually evolving to meet shifting demands and needs. In this modern era marked by rapid transformations, the importance of keeping education abreast with the times cannot be overstated. One effective tool for rejuvenating and advancing education is the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis, encapsulating Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, transcends its traditional business applications to offer profound insights in diverse domains, including education. In the realm of Christian Religious Education (CRE), a critical aspect of the educational landscape, SWOT analysis unveils avenues for both refinement and growth. This paper explores the application of SWOT analysis in the context of CRE, acknowledging its pivotal role in shaping individual character, values, and spiritual beliefs. Tracing the historical trajectory of CRE from ancient churches to contemporary times, the analysis underscores the foundational principles upon which CRE stands. Within the framework of CRE, SWOT analysis serves as a potent tool to discern existing dynamics and chart future trajectories. By identifying internal strengths such as robust faith traditions and biblically grounded curricula, opportunities for enriching CRE education emerge. Simultaneously, weaknesses such as resource constraints and technological integration challenges highlight areas ripe for improvement. Furthermore, SWOT analysis illuminates potential opportunities for CRE advancement, including technological integration and policy shifts. However, it also unveils threats such as societal value shifts and information overload that impede effective CRE delivery. In navigating these dynamics, effective educational management emerges as paramount. Without strategic oversight and management, the pursuit of excellence in CRE remains elusive. Hence, this study delves into the pivotal role of educational management in fostering the quality and efficacy of CRE. Utilizing an analytical methodology, this research delves deep into existing literature and textual sources to unravel insights and generate new knowledge. Through systematic analysis and interpretation, this study seeks to enrich the discourse on CRE and underscore the imperative of strategic planning and management. In conclusion, SWOT analysis emerges as a cornerstone in the enhancement of CRE. By systematically evaluating internal dynamics and external trends, SWOT analysis paves the way for informed decision-making and strategic interventions. Thus, this paper advocates for the systematic integration of SWOT analysis in CRE, heralding a new era of excellence and relevance in religious education.

This study aims to elucidate the cultural significance embedded within the culinary lexicon of the Tanjung Balai community. Leveraging the frameworks of ecolinguistics and cognitive anthropology, this research interprets the cultural values inherent in culinary lexicon. Through analysis, it was deduced that the Tanjung Balai culinary culture embodies multifaceted functions, encompassing cultural, social, and health dimensions. The cultural function serves to delineate the identity and distinctiveness of the community. Socially, it fosters notions of camaraderie, familial bonds, neighborhood cohesion, industriousness, environmental stewardship, etiquette, resilience, optimism, collaborative spirit, and unity. Additionally, the health function ascribes medicinal properties to ingredients, believed to promote well-being such as lactation, cardiovascular health, and overall bodily wellness. Furthermore, these culinary elements are purported to remedy various ailments including stomach ailments, cholesterol issues, stiffness, dental discomfort, and asthma.

The seriousness of the Indonesian government in paying attention to the environment is manifested in the existence of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management by regulating criminal liability for corporate legal subjects subject to criminal penalties. This is because many environmental crimes are committed by corporations and may also be carried out by corporate shareholders as policy controllers of a corporation. Against the background of environmental criminal acts which are often committed by corporations and even shareholders are also involved in these criminal acts, this article aims to provide an illustration that shareholders can also be given criminal sanctions. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The results of this research explain that corporations that commit environmental crimes are clearly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 so that criminal sanctions can be given to provide deterrence to corporate perpetrators, but for corporate shareholders involved it is not yet explicitly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. 2009 because they have not adopted the Piercing the corporate veil doctrine and the alter ego doctrine as in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in article 3 paragraph (2) which eliminates the immunity rights of shareholders so that they can be punished.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to many human endeavors, and epidemiology is no exception. The AI community has recently seen a renewed interest in applying AI methods and approaches to epidemiological problems. However, a number of challenges are impeding the growth of the field. This work reviews the uses and applications of AI in epidemiology from 1994 to 2023. The following themes were uncovered: epidemic outbreak tracking and surveillance, Geo-location and visualization of epidemics data, Tele-Health, vaccine resistance and hesitancy sentiment analysis, diagnosis, predicting and monitoring recovery and mortality, and decision support systems. Disease detection received the most interest during the time under review. Furthermore, the following AI approaches were found to be used in epidemiology: prediction, geographic information systems (GIS), knowledge representation, analytics, sentiment analysis, contagion analysis, warning systems, and classification. Finally, the work makes the following findings: the absence of benchmark datasets for epidemiological purposes, the need to develop ethical guidelines to regulate the development of AI for epidemiology as this is a major issue impeding it’s growth, a concerted and continuous collaboration between AI and Epidemiology experts to grow the field, the need to develop explainable and privacy retaining AI methods for more secured and human understandable AI solutions.

Background: Immunization is the governments promise to get Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially to decrease the number of infant death rates. Universal Child Immunization (UCI) is an indicator of success in basic immunization in babies immune against a disease. Purpose: To analyze the process of management in achieving UCI. Research Methods: The research used qualitative phenomenological methods. The objective of the research was to analyze the process of management in achieving UCI. The research used qualitative phenomenological methods. It was done in the working area of Bah Kapul Puskesmas. The data were gathered by conducting in-depth interviews with 8 Informantts from Surveillance and Immunization Section Head, the Heads of Puskesmas, participants of immunization program, and practice midwife. Result : The result of the research showed that human resources were inadequate since their qualification was not in accordance with the standards, training was only done by the participants, facility and infrastructure such as KMS preparation and the facility outside the building were inadequate, lacked of staff cars for immunization personnel, there was no counseling about immunization in the field, people were not interested in the program, there were ignorance and lack of involvement of cross-sectors, and there was no monitoring from the Heads of Puskesmas for immunization outside the building. Conclusion : The Heads of Puskesmas should monitor directly immunization service outside the building and not only monitor through the report. The management of Puskesmas should provide counseling about the importance of immunization for targeted parents before posyandu service is done. The cross-sectors should support the implementation of immunization, actively play and collaborate in its implementation.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection of children's health rights from the dangers of school snacks in Kupang City. This research is an empirical research, which uses data collection techniques through interviews, documentation studies to obtain primary and secondary data on Legal Protection of Children's Health Rights from the Dangers of School Snacks in Kupang City, with 11 respondents, data analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results showed that the legal protection of school children as consumers of PJAS (School Snack Food) in Kupang City, in conducting legal protection of school children has not been effective because BPOM conducts surveillance in schools in Kupang city only taking sampling from several schools in Kupang city. The efforts of POM Center in Kupang in supervising PJAS (school snacks) in Kupang City, in performing the supervisory function of safe PJAS in Kupang City are limited experts to conduct supervision in the field, the rise of online sales, the low level of public education and the lack of strict law enforcement. (3) Are the prevention efforts carried out by the POM Center in Kupang against PJAS (school snack food) traders in Kupang City, the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency has not been maximized in sanctioning school snack food traders who are proven to use hazardous ingredients in processed food.

This study delves into the evolution of social media within marketing strategies, employing a bibliometric approach. It delineates substantial shifts in consumer behavior and business methodologies consequent to the proliferation of social media platforms. The primary aim is to offer a nuanced comprehension of social media's role in contemporary marketing landscapes, alongside identifying prevalent trends and patterns within pertinent literature. Employing bibliometric analysis, the study scrutinizes relevant articles to unearth significant insights. Findings underscore a heightened scholarly interest in social media marketing strategies and unveil collaborative frameworks among researchers and institutions. The implications underscore the imperative of comprehending social media's role and influence in shaping modern marketing paradigms, accentuating its pertinence in contemporary business practices. This research is poised to furnish invaluable insights for marketing professionals and academics, empowering them to craft efficacious marketing strategies tailored to the digital era.

This study delves into implementing multicultural education within Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Indonesia, employing a library research approach and descriptive analysis methods. The study investigates the influence of multicultural education on curriculum development, challenges, opportunities, and its impact on fostering tolerance and understanding among students. Through an extensive academic literature review, the study unveils multifaceted opportunities, including enhanced cultural understanding, promotion of tolerance, enriched educational experiences, and preparation for global citizenship. However, it also uncovers challenges such as resistance to change, resource constraints, and the need for continuous adaptation. The findings underscore the importance of embracing diversity and fostering inclusive learning environments within religious-based schooling. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits of multicultural education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, emphasizing its role in nurturing culturally competent and globally-aware individuals.

This research delves into the intricate realm of maritime education, focusing on the academic and professional preparedness of Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). Anchored in a qualitative descriptive approach, the study synthesizes document analysis and cadet surveys to unravel the multifaceted dynamics shaping the educational landscape. The document analysis reveals a curriculum at STIP Jakarta that aligns commendably with international standards, supported by comprehensive lecturer training programmes. However, the nuanced cadet perspectives spotlight a need for refined emphasis on the practical application of English proficiency in real-world maritime scenarios. Cadet self-assessment underscores both confidence in academic intelligence and an identified need for additional language support, calling for targeted interventions. Exploring professional competences uncovers a disparity between technical proficiency and English Maritime communication, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to bridge this gap. Cadet motivations vary from a genuine passion for maritime activities to the allure of lucrative career prospects and international recognition. Recognizing this diversity urges the need for personalised career guidance and mentorship programmes. The research also sheds light on English Maritime and Literacy proficiency, differentiating between basic skills and the ability to handle complex communication scenarios. Recommendations include integrating advanced language modules and tailored language support initiatives within the curriculum, ensuring a seamless development of linguistic skills alongside technical competences. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of maritime education at STIP Jakarta, unveiling challenges and opportunities that resonate globally. The synthesis of findings and recommendations forms a compass for refining pedagogical approaches, fostering linguistic and technical adeptness in future maritime professionals. This voyage towards enhancement is not merely a localized pursuit but a contribution to the broader discourse on cultivating global competence in maritime education.

This study delves into implementing multicultural education within Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Indonesia, employing a library research approach and descriptive analysis methods. The study investigates the influence of multicultural education on curriculum development, challenges, opportunities, and its impact on fostering tolerance and understanding among students. Through an extensive academic literature review, the study unveils multifaceted opportunities, including enhanced cultural understanding, promotion of tolerance, enriched educational experiences, and preparation for global citizenship. However, it also uncovers challenges such as resistance to change, resource constraints, and the need for continuous adaptation. The findings underscore the importance of embracing diversity and fostering inclusive learning environments within religious-based schooling. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits of multicultural education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, emphasizing its role in nurturing culturally competent and globally-aware individuals.

This research delves into the intricate realm of maritime education, focusing on the academic and professional preparedness of Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). Anchored in a qualitative descriptive approach, the study synthesizes document analysis and cadet surveys to unravel the multifaceted dynamics shaping the educational landscape. The document analysis reveals a curriculum at STIP Jakarta that aligns commendably with international standards, supported by comprehensive lecturer training programmes. However, the nuanced cadet perspectives spotlight a need for refined emphasis on the practical application of English proficiency in real-world maritime scenarios. Cadet self-assessment underscores both confidence in academic intelligence and an identified need for additional language support, calling for targeted interventions. Exploring professional competences uncovers a disparity between technical proficiency and English Maritime communication, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to bridge this gap. Cadet motivations vary from a genuine passion for maritime activities to the allure of lucrative career prospects and international recognition. Recognizing this diversity urges the need for personalised career guidance and mentorship programmes. The research also sheds light on English Maritime and Literacy proficiency, differentiating between basic skills and the ability to handle complex communication scenarios. Recommendations include integrating advanced language modules and tailored language support initiatives within the curriculum, ensuring a seamless development of linguistic skills alongside technical competences. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of maritime education at STIP Jakarta, unveiling challenges and opportunities that resonate globally. The synthesis of findings and recommendations forms a compass for refining pedagogical approaches, fostering linguistic and technical adeptness in future maritime professionals. This voyage towards enhancement is not merely a localized pursuit but a contribution to the broader discourse on cultivating global competence in maritime education.

This academic exploration delves into the nuanced competencies and dynamics shaping the academic journey of Semester 1 cadets at a distinguished Maritime Institute. Focusing on computer literacy, technological proficiency, and sociocultural influences, our qualitative descriptive approach seeks to unveil the intricate dimensions of contemporary maritime education. The assessment of computer literacy reveals varying competencies, urging the need for a tailored curriculum. While basics like office software and digital navigation are strong, disparities in data analysis proficiency call for targeted interventions. The implications highlight the necessity for a stratified curriculum, ensuring a comprehensive skill set in line with modern maritime demands. Cadets overwhelmingly endorse technology's role in enhancing education, signalling a paradigm shift. Positive attitudes towards online resources, digital simulations, and e-learning platforms advocate for an institutional embrace of cutting-edge tools. Recommendations focus on faculty development and increased technology integration, promising an enriched pedagogical landscape. The exploration of sociocultural influences uncovers a delicate balance between tradition and the necessity of English proficiency. Nuanced strategies are essential to integrate diverse cultural backgrounds. Recommendations call for cultural awareness initiatives and language support programs, aligning the institution with the global orientation of maritime education. In qualitative insights, cadets express a collective desire for a more intentional curriculum, particularly in incorporating cultural perspectives. This aligns with the broader scholarly discourse advocating for holistic education. Proposed avenues include workshops, seminars, and collaborations with cultural experts, providing a roadmap for curriculum development congruent with the diverse needs of Semester 1 cadets. This research, rooted in rigorous academic inquiry, serves as a guide for the Maritime Institute, steering its trajectory towards producing technologically adept professionals who are equally culturally astute, ready to navigate the complex global maritime landscape.

To build content marketing over a long period of term is a important factor to create the engagement with customers. This study has the purpose to unveil the effects of content marketing Instagram upon customer engagement at Khas Ombilin Hotel. This research employed a quantitative, descriptive, causal, and associative style, with a sample size of 204 respondents. To analyze the data in this study, we utilized the SPSS 23 software application. The study employed the variables of content marketing (X) and customer engagement (Y). According to the study, content marketing on Instagram had a significant impact on customer engagement at Khas Ombilin Hotel, accounting for 78% of the influence, as opposed to the remaining 22% attributed to other factors.

In the rapidly evolving era of digitalization, the roles of halal certification and digital marketing strategies are increasingly influencing consumer behavior and their demands for products and services. This article aims to unveil the pivotal roles of halal certification and digital marketing strategies in shaping consumer preferences in the digitalization era. Halal certification has become a crucial factor in meeting the needs of consumers who are becoming more conscious of religious and health aspects in their products and services. On the other hand, changes in technology and consumer behavior have opened new doors for digital marketing, especially through online platforms and social media. This article dissects how halal certification impacts consumer purchasing decisions in the digital environment and how digital marketing strategies can be employed to enhance awareness and understanding of halal products. By analyzing the impact of the combination of these two factors, this article provides deep insights into how the roles and interactions between halal certification and digital marketing strategies affect consumer demands in the current digitalization era. The findings of this research have significant implications for companies aiming to meet the diverse and discerning demands of consumers. With a better understanding of how halal certification and digital marketing can work together, companies can design more effective strategies to reach and retain consumer preferences in a competitive and ever-changing business environment.  

Foreign Object Debris is any object, any object that is alive or not lying in an improper place around the airport environment that could allow an accident to airport personnel and damage an aircraft. This study aims to determine the Optimization of Foreign Object Debrish (FOD) Supervision by AMC Officers at H.A.S Hanandjoeddin International Airport and obstacles in Optimizing Foreign Object Debrish (FOD) Supervision by AMC Officers at H.A.S Hanandjoeddin International Airport and how to overcome them. This study used a qualitative method with data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity techniques use source triangulation and triangulation techniques. Data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The result of this study is that the supervision of the AMC unit on Foreign Object Debrish (FOD) by AMC officers at H.A.S Hanandjoeddin International Airport is carried out, which is in accordance with SOPs and supervision carried out in coordination with the unit (Safety Risk, Quality Control TJQ) and routinely conducts FOD walks every 1 month, Supervision of AMC officers related to Foreign Object Debrish (FOD) standard by conducting socialization to Ground Handling to conduct daily FOD checks before parking aircraft and handling. FOD supervision is carried out by the AMC unit in the morning before operating hours, flight lag times, and the last flight. The supervision is carried out by giving directions to GH (ground handling) to maintain each other's cleanliness. Obstacles in Optimizing Foreign Object Debrish (FOD) Supervision by AMC Officers at H.A.S Hanandjoeddin International Airport include: lack of facilities, and lack of passenger awareness. How to overcome obstacles in the application of optimizing Foreign Object Debrish (FOD) supervision by AMC officers at H.A.S Hanandjoeddin International Airport, is to hold facilities such as CCTV or FOD detection cameras and runway cleaning car tools and socialize passengers about the dangers of FOD to increase passenger awareness so as not to throw garbage when passing through the apron area, Distribute brochures and attach appeals and sanctions for violators of the rules so that passengers can be aware of the dangers of throwing garbage around the airport area, especially the airside area and provide trash cans in the airside area to prevent passengers from littering.

This research aims to explore the efficacy of AI-driven marketing solutions in facilitating ethical product branding within Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The research adopts a descriptive model, employing purposive sampling to gather data from a diverse range of MSMEs engaged in ethical product branding practices. Data analysis utilizes thematic analysis to identify patterns and insights from qualitative data. The study aims to unveil the impact of AI-driven marketing strategies on enhancing sustainability and ethical branding efforts among MSMEs. Results are expected to shed light on the effectiveness of these solutions in fostering responsible consumerism and promoting sustainable business practices within the MSME sector, thereby contributing to the discourse on ethical marketing and sustainable development.