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Economic forecasting is becoming increasingly important year after year, especially during crises such as the pandemic of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war. Its development can be seen from the use of basic statistical models to the increasingly widespread use of machine learning technology. Economic forecasting plays an important role in helping to formulate policies and is also a reliable tool for researchers in dealing with uncertainty. Global crises, such as inflationary pressures due to the pandemic and supply chain disruptions from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have prompted increased research in this field in an effort to anticipate economic shocks and emphasize the urgency of forecasting to prepare strategies for dealing with future uncertainty. This literature review uses the Scopus database with 2561 publications from 2020 to 2025, analyzed using R Studio with a bibliometrix approach (specifically biblioshiny) and VOSviewer to map relevant thematic connections. This analysis shows that economic forecasting is greatly influenced by market uncertainty and geopolitical factors, and at the same time influences public policy formulation and financial stability. Research contributions from Indonesia are still limited, with only 40 documents, thus emphasizing the need to strengthen economic forecasting studies in Indonesia to support monetary policy and national financial stability.

The development of social media-based e-commerce, especially TikTok Shop, has created new challenges and opportunities in building customer loyalty, especially in the highly competitive local cosmetics industry. One of the most popular local brands is Emina, which targets young consumers with an affordable price approach and halal label. However, the level of customer loyalty is still a crucial issue that needs to be strengthened so that business sustainability is maintained. The urgency of this research lies in the need to understand how live streaming and halal labeling, as two relevant marketing strategies in the digital era, are able to shape purchasing interest that leads to customer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with the PLS-SEM technique to test the relationship between variables with 115 TikTok Shop user respondents in Semarang City. The results show that live streaming and halal labeling have a significant effect on purchasing interest and customer loyalty, and purchasing interest is proven to mediate the relationship between the two variables and customer loyalty. These findings indicate the importance of integrating interactive visual approaches and religious belief values in digital marketing strategies for cosmetic products.

Global climate change has prompted analysis of emission control policies, including carbon trading mechanisms and carbon taxes, to achieve a low-carbon economy. This study utilizes a bibliometric approach (2020–2025) with the Scopus database, which is processed using the RStudio application with Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny analysis and also uses the VOSviewer application, to identify publication trends and the effectiveness of emissions policies in different economic contexts, such as G20 countries or developed countries with developing countries. Thematic analysis results show dominant topics such as emissions trading, carbon capture, renewable energy, and a focus on economic development and technological innovation. The reviewed literature confirms that higher carbon tax rates are more effective in reducing emissions in G20 countries, while in developing countries, the implementation of a combination of strict carbon taxes and emissions trading mechanisms can promote substantial decarbonization. Overall, this bibliometric study confirms the growing research interest in green economy solutions and supports the urgency of adaptive, evidence-based emissions policies in various economic contexts.

 The development of modern education requires a strong philosophical foundation to ensure that learning processes are not merely technical but oriented toward holistic human formation. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the role of the philosophy of science within contemporary education through a conceptual exploration grounded in an extensive literature review. The philosophy of science with its three major pillars: ontology, epistemology, and axiology serves as an analytical framework for understanding the nature of human beings, the structure of knowledge, and the values embedded within educational objectives. The research methodology employs the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings indicate that the philosophy of science plays a strategic role in providing direction and orientation for the development of humanistic, adaptive, and globally responsive education. Moreover, this study reveals that the advancement of scientific knowledge encounters significant challenges, including ontological complexity, epistemological crises driven by digital disruption, moral degradation, and shifting scientific paradigms. In the age of artificial intelligence and globalization, the philosophy of science emerges as an ethical and methodological compass to ensure that scientific progress remains aligned with human welfare. This study underscores the urgency of reconstructing educational paradigms by integrating humanistic values, local wisdom, and modern scientific thought to realize a future of science that is ethical, sustainable, and dignified.

Historically, water resource management in Indonesia has faced significant complexities, often dominated by commercialization and investment-oriented policies that threaten the fundamental rights of farmers. The Constitutional Court’s decision to annul the previous Water Resources Law marks a crucial turning point, demanding a comprehensive policy reformulation. This entails a shift from a market-based paradigm to one grounded in human rights and social welfare, reaffirming state sovereignty over water for the prosperity of the people. The urgency of this reformulation is compounded by the imminent threat of climate change, which introduces high uncertainty into the hydrological cycle—manifesting as extreme droughts and floods—thereby directly impacting the agricultural sector. This research aims to formulate a climate-adaptive water resource management policy that secures the priority rights of farmers. Employing a Normative Legal Research Method with Statutory and Conceptual Approaches, the findings present a new, holistic legal and institu-tional framework. This framework centers on two pillars: first, the firm assertion and absolute legal protection of irrigation water allocation for farmers, even during periods of scarcity; and second, the adoption of a Climate-Adaptive Governance Model. This governance model integrates a unified climate monitoring system, resilient water infrastructure, and the empowerment of Water User Associations (P3A) at the grassroots level to independently respond to shifting climate patterns. This reformulation is essential for achieving water management that is just, sustainable, and effective in maintaining national food security

Climate risk finance has emerged as an increasingly important field of research along with the growing urgency to address climate change and its impacts on the global financial system. Climate change poses real risks to the stability of the international economy and financial systems. Climate risk finance represents an approach that encompasses various financial instruments in supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation. Although the term climate risk finance has not been widely used explicitly as a single keyword, the concept that integrates climate risk and financing is reflected in related keywords such as climate risk, climate finance, and climate change. This study employs a bibliometric analysis method using the Scopus database, supported by analytical tools such as VOSviewer and R Studio, to explore the development of research on climate risk finance. The study identifies publication patterns, international collaborations, and emerging themes within the related literature. The findings show that the publication rate on climate risk finance is relatively moderate each year, but has experienced growth in the last decade. The evolving understanding in this field is expected to strengthen the resilience of financial systems and support sustainable strategies to address long-term climate risks.

Globalization and modernization amid the strong digital flow have become a huge challenges and obstacles for shaping moral and ethics of the students. There are many students who come to the class physically without having readiness and awareness in the study. Teacher as an educator needs to give an efforts in every process of learning with attractive concept and model to give attention and meaning in the study. Through the mindful learning, it is considered capable of giving full attention and self-awareness while studying which in the end not only gives good quality in learning but also shapes islamic ethics in the stundents. This research aims to know the concept, urgency, and the implementation of mindful learning which is capable of shaping islamic ethics. The method of the research is a qualitative approach with a literature study from various readings such as articles and journals that are relevant to the topic. The reasearch results show that mindful learning is a learning process that emphasizes self-reflection and self-awareness so students feel ready and motivated in learning. It shows that deep learning has a huge urgency in shaping student’s Islamic ethics. The implementation of mindful learning in Islamic education Studies is carried out through the pedagogic strategies that emphasize the conditioning of awareness, active students involvement, and deep reflection of Islamic values. Thus, mindful learning is capable of increasing internal awareness through muraqabah with the involving of students in every learning process.

This study seeks to unravel the complexities of applying the doctrine of culpa lata or gross negligence as the basis for criminal liability for state officials in corruption cases, an area that highlights gaps in the criminal law framework which tends to focus on intent. With the rise in corruption cases stemming from misguided strategic decisions that are difficult to prove as intentional, the urgency to explore alternative criminal liability grounds becomes crucial for establishing strong accountability in governance. This research specifically analyzes the application of culpa lata through an in-depth study of Decision Number 68/Pid.Sus-TPK/2025/PN Jkt Pst. Adopting a normative-empirical qualitative case study method, the analysis focuses on the court decision as a single unit of analysis, supported by primary data from the decision document and secondary data from legal literature. Through documentary evidence tracking, it was found that the panel of judges successfully applied the doctrine of culpa lata by identifying elements of negligence such as the disregard for risks that should have been known, subjective asset valuation, and strategic decision-making without adequate study, which causally led to state losses. These findings substantively show that gross negligence can effectively serve as a basis for criminal liability, indicating a shift in the pattern of corruption law enforcement that goes beyond proving mere intent. In conclusion, this study affirms the effectiveness of culpa lata in expanding the scope of criminal liability for state officials, offering theoretical contributions to the understanding of fault elements and practical implications in strengthening public accountability and the potential for corruption prevention through enhanced standards of caution.

Global economic developments show the acceleration of the adoption of circular business models, where resource efficiency and waste reduction are the main focuses to answer sustainability demands and SDGs targets. Although this trend is strengthening globally, MSMEs, especially those based on family businesses, are still lagging behind in their implementation, even though digitalization is increasingly opening up opportunities for operational optimization and innovation. The urgency of this research arises from the need to understand how the digital mindset and transformation of family business management can accelerate the readiness of MSMEs in implementing circular business practices. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the three strategic concepts into a single analytical framework through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a perspective that has rarely been combined in previous studies. With the SLR method based on the PRISMA protocol, this study shows that MSMEs already have a strong foundation in the digital mindset, including technology readiness, innovation orientation, and adaptation of digital business models. Family business values have also been proven to support business continuity through knowledge transfer and long-term investment. However, the implementation of circular business practices is still weak, especially in resource cycle management, sustainable product design, and environmental impact measurement. The implication is that the synergy of digital mindset and family business governance can strengthen the transition of MSMEs to a circular economy that directly supports the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the areas of sustainable consumption-production and industrial innovation.

The rapid development of technology in the digital era has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the world of education. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) is no exception, facing the challenge of remaining relevant and effective in shaping students' personality characters. The current PAI curriculum is considered not fully able to accommodate the needs of the times that demand the integration of Islamic values ​​with digital competencies. The urgency of reformulating the PAI curriculum is very important in order to create an adaptive, innovative, and future-oriented learning model. This study aims to express constructive ideas in reformulating the PAI curriculum by referring to Paulo Freire's thoughts, while the method used is qualitative based on literature studies. In the end, this study concluded that the reformulation of the PAI curriculum can be realized by adopting the theory of integrity-reality initiated by Paulo Freire, the integrity-reality in question is integrating Islamic values ​​and the sophistication of digital technology. Reformulation of the PAI curriculum can be done by continuing to place the source of Islamic teachings as a fundamental rule, and placing humans as the main center in science. In other words, digital technology is only used as a limited tool in learning and teaching methods.

This study aims to examine the level of mastery and application of Pancasila values as the state's philosophical foundation (Philosofische Grondslag) among Indonesian students, particularly in facing the currents of globalization and information disruption in the digital era. From a legal perspective, Pancasila holds the position of the state's fundamental norm (Staatsfundamentalnorm) which serves as the basis for the entire Indonesian legal system (Grundnorm), while also functioning as the nation's unifying bond and national worldview (Weltanschauung). The research employed a quantitative descriptive method with an incidental sampling technique involving 10 students as respondents. The data collection tool was a closed questionnaire using a Likert scale with four response options, evaluating four dimensions: (1) mastery of the five Sila principles, (2) understanding of Pancasila as the state foundation, (3) historical knowledge of the Pancasila formulation, and (4) practice of Pancasila values in daily activities. The findings indicate a very adequate level of understanding among respondents regarding Pancasila's position as the state foundation (93.3% Strongly Agree) and the urgency of understanding Pancasila for all Indonesian people (93.3% Strongly Agree). The majority of respondents felt capable of describing the five Sila principles (73.3% Strongly Agree) and understood Pancasila's function in maintaining national unity. The implementation of Pancasila values in daily behavior, such as tolerant attitudes and the spirit of gotong royong (mutual cooperation), showed a high level of affirmation (an accumulation of 86.6% Agree and Strongly Agree). Nevertheless, a gap in understanding was identified in the dimension of the history of Pancasila's formulation, with 20% of respondents giving a neutral response. Educational institutions were deemed to have contributed effectively (a total of 93.3% Agree and Strongly Agree) in promoting the internalization of these values.Comprehensively, the level of student understanding of Pancasila as the state foundation is categorized as satisfactory. This study suggests strengthening the learning material regarding the historical process of Pancasila's ratification and innovation in teaching methods that are more contextual, creative, and applicable (educational, recreational, reflective, and futuristic) to ensure the comprehensive internalization of Pancasila values—covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects—as a pillar of national ideological resilience in facing future challenges.

This article explores the application of the Deep Learning approach in inclusive Islamic Religious Education (PAI) for children with special needs (ABK), with a focus on improving the understanding of abstract concepts such as monotheism and morals. The main problems faced by ABK in PAI learning include difficulties in understanding religious concepts due to cognitive, emotional, and sensory challenges. The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of Deep Learning in improving the spiritual understanding, motivation, and well-being of ABK through more personalized and reflective learning. The methods used include reflective strategies such as journals and discussions, adaptive media in the form of animation and audio, and collaborative learning with peers. The findings show that the application of Deep Learning improves ABK's in-depth understanding of religious values, as well as spiritual motivation and the ability to apply ethics in everyday life. The conclusion of this study is that Deep Learning can be an effective solution in inclusive PAI learning, supporting teachers in developing more humanistic learning designs and focusing on the character building of ABK.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the learning patterns of Generation Z, who tend to be visual, quick in accessing information, and highly engaged with interactive media. These characteristics pose challenges for history learning, which is often perceived as monotonous and focused on memorization. This study aims to examine the needs, urgency, and strategies for developing history teaching materials that are relevant and effective for Generation Z in the digital era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through library research, the findings indicate that effective history materials should integrate digital media, apply active learning models, and connect historical content with students’ real-life experiences. Teachers play a key role as innovators by utilizing digital storytelling, virtual tours, gallery walks, and gamification. Integrating local history and national values is also essential to strengthen students’ national identity. This study emphasizes that developing digital history teaching materials is not merely about adopting technology but about creating meaningful, reflective, and generation-appropriate learning experiences.

This study presents a woodcraft creation in the form of a wall clock with traditional Karo ornaments as the main visual element. The creation is driven by the urgency to preserve the visual culture of the Karo people, which is increasingly threatened by modernization, and the lack of distinctive local souvenirs in tourist areas such as Berastagi, which often offer only generic or mass-produced items. This creation aims not only to function as an indicator of time but also as a medium for cultural preservation, education, and the strengthening of the Karo visual identity in a contemporary context. The creative process applies the "three stages and six steps" approach by S.P. Gustami, which includes exploration, design, and realization. Exploration involves field observations of Karo architecture and artifacts, literary studies on Karo visual symbols, and careful selection of motifs, focusing on Tapak Raja Sulaiman, Takal Kerbo, and Pengeret-ret as representative elements rich in symbolic meaning. The design stage produces various sketches that integrate the functional aspect of the wall clock with the principles of ornamentation, ensuring both utility and cultural expression. Realization involves selecting local woods such as teak, mahogany, and jelutung, followed by manual carving techniques, the application of natural wood coloring, and protective finishing with melamine spray to ensure durability and aesthetic quality. The final result consists of twelve unique wall clocks that embody the aesthetic, symbolic, and cultural richness of the Karo people. This work demonstrates how traditional motifs can be re-contextualized into functional objects, making cultural heritage more visible and relevant in daily life, and is expected to inspire further innovation in the local crafts industry, contributing to long-term preservation and revitalization of regional cultural identity.

This study aims to analyze the disparity between the number of job seekers and available job vacancies in Medan City during 2023–2024, a condition that reflects a significant imbalance in the local labor market. The background of this research arises from the persistent surplus of job seekers, coupled with the sharp decline in job openings that suggests the presence of structural unemployment and a mismatch between educational qualifications and labor market needs. Using a quantitative-descriptive approach through literature review and secondary data analysis from official labor statistics, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the labor market dynamics in Medan City. The findings show that in 2023, there were 4,661 registered job seekers compared to only 2,777 available vacancies, resulting in a surplus of 1,884 individuals. The situation worsened in 2024 as job vacancies dropped drastically to 1,016 positions, while the number of job seekers reached 2,293, leaving a surplus of 1,277 individuals. The study also reveals that job seekers are predominantly senior high school graduates, accounting for approximately 80 percent of the total, while job vacancies are concentrated in the manufacturing and trade sectors—both of which experienced severe contraction in 2024. These conditions reflect multidimensional mismatches in the labor market, including vertical and horizontal mismatches, as well as a structural shift towards a service-based economy that has not fully absorbed the workforce. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of strengthening vocational training programs, aligning educational curricula with industry needs, diversifying the local economy, and enhancing job seekers’ competencies to improve competitiveness in an increasingly challenging labor market.

Moral education is the core of Islamic teachings that emphasize the formation of noble character in human relationships with Allah SWT and with others. The phenomenon of moral deterioration that occurs in society, such as promiscuity, juvenile criminality, violence, and the loss of manners towards parents and teachers, shows the urgency of systematic moral education. This research aims to examine the content and content of the book Akhlak Lil Banin by Sheikh Umar bin Ahmad Baraja' and the strategy of the moral education concept contained in it. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach through content analysis. The results of the study show that Lil Banin's book of Morals contains fundamental moral values, including ethics with parents, manners with teachers, speaking ethics, honesty and trust, responsibility, and manners of eating and drinking. The moral education strategy in this book includes moral development towards Allah SWT, oneself, parents, teachers, fellow humans, the environment, and in all life circumstances. Thus, Lil Banin's book of Morals is not only a moral guideline for children and adolescents, but also relevant as a reference for character education in the modern era that is full of moral challenges.

Religious moderation represents one of the fundamental values in shaping a tolerant, inclusive, and civilized national character. Integrating the values of religious moderation into the basic education curriculum serves as a strategic effort to instill moderate religious attitudes from an early age. This article aims to analyze the concept, urgency, and implementation of integrating religious moderation values within Indonesia’s basic education curriculum. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, this study finds that the implementation of religious moderation can be realized through strengthening the Pancasila student profile, promoting interfaith learning, and embedding the values of tolerance and justice across all subjects. The findings indicate that a curriculum incorporating religious moderation not only develops students’ cognitive competencies but also fosters a religious character that appreciates diversity. The study concludes that religious moderation in the curriculum can significantly improve students' cognitive development, while simultaneously cultivating a religious character that embodies the values of tolerance, justice, and social responsibility. Such integration is vital to ensuring a peaceful and prosperous future for the nation.

This study aims to thoroughly examine the triadic relationship among the Internalization of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah Values, the Pedagogic Competence of Ustadz/Ustadzah, and the Academic Supervision by the Kyai at the Salafi Sunanul Huda Islamic Boarding School in Sukabumi Regency. The research urgency is based on the vital role of the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) as a fortress of moderate ideology and the existence of a research gap that has not holistically integrated these three variables within the specific Salafi-Nahdliyyah context of the locus. The Aswaja An-Nahdliyah values central to the internalization process include Tawasuth (moderation), Tasamuh (tolerance), I'tidal (justice/firmness), Tawazun (balance), and Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar (enjoining good and forbidding wrong). This internalization is carried out through the formal curriculum (teaching Kitab Kuning using the Sorogan and Bandongan methods) and the non-curricular aspects (Kyai/Ustadz role-modeling and pesantren living values). The study utilizes a qualitative approach with a Case Study design. Data collection employs Method Triangulation involving In-depth Interviews (Kyai, Ustadz, Students), Limited Participatory Observation (learning processes and cultural activities), and Document Study (Lesson Plans, curriculum, and supervision reports). Data analysis employs the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (Data Condensation, Data Display, and Conclusion Drawing). The research findings are expected to formulate the Integrated Model of Triguna Santri in Aswaja An-Nahdliyah Internalization, which synergizes traditional pesantren methods with culture-based quality assurance. Practically, these findings will provide blueprints for quality assurance (Cultural-Authoritative Academic Supervision) and recommendations for pedagogical strategies for Ustadz/Ustadzah to enhance the transfer of values from the cognitive level to the affective and behavioral domains. This model is expected to become a benchmark for developing educator competence and strengthening religious moderation in similar pesantren.

This study examines the urgency of institutional transparency in the Secretariat of the Bogor Regency Regional People's Representative Council  (DPRD) amid demands for good governance. The objective is to analyze the strategic role of the Public Relations, Protocol, and Publication Team of the Bogor Regency DPRD Secretariat in disseminating public information, with a focus on the use of the @setwankabbogor Instagram account as an instrument of transparency. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, this research applies qualitative content analysis and observation of Instagram accounts, supported by organizational documentation related to the main tasks of Public Relations. The communication practices found were analyzed based on the theoretical benchmarks of the Two-Way Symmetrical Model and Organizational-Public Dialogic Communication (OPDC). Preliminary research results show that although Public Relations has been effective in documenting protocol and routine administrative activities, content related to core legislative functions such as the budget (KUA/PPAS) and oversight tends to be less dominant than ceremonial posts. The communication model applied still leans toward the Public Information Model, rather than the optimal Two-Way Symmetrical Model. Analysis shows a deficit in dialogic elements, particularly in genuine responsiveness (mutuality) and proactivity in discussing complex public issues, which has the potential to hinder the development of public trust. Optimization requires a shift in strategy towards evidence-based content planning and a focus on proactive dialogue and responsiveness, supported by institutional commitment and increased human resource capacity.

Doctors play a crucial role in determining the quality of healthcare services and in upholding the right to health as guaranteed by the constitution and international human rights frameworks. Despite this essential role, medical practice continues to encounter significant challenges, including disparities in medical education quality, inadequate competency assessment mechanisms, and limited integration of professional ethics, discipline, and scientific standards within the health legal system. These issues create risks to patient safety and undermine public trust in medical services. This research analyzes the urgency of health law reform to ensure physician competence and proposes an integration model that unites ethics, discipline, and scientific foundations as the core pillars for equitable and welfare-oriented medical professional governance. Using a normative legal research method, this study adopts legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary and secondary legal materials are examined qualitatively through doctrinal studies, normative analysis, and comparisons with governance practices of the medical profession in other countries. The study finds that health law reform should prioritize strengthening regulations on competency standards, transparent certification and periodic recertification systems, as well as integrated professional oversight that aligns ethics, discipline, and legal accountability. The proposed integration model serves as a framework to ensure that every physician maintains measurable competence, adheres to professional ethics, and upholds clear legal responsibilities in clinical practice. Reforming health law through such integration is a strategic step to enhance medical service quality, reinforce patient protection, and advance global justice and welfare.