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The development of the digital economy in Indonesia drives the need for a transparent and efficient transaction system. Blockchain technology is present as a creative answer to this challenge, through distributed and unmodifiable transaction recording. This study uses a literature study method by reviewing various scientific literature related to the role of blockchain in increasing transparency and security of digital transactions. The results of the study state that blockchain can strengthen the digital economy ecosystem by increasing public trust, data protection, and operational efficiency, especially in the financial and MSME sectors. However, the implementation of this technology still faces obstacles such as limited regulations, infrastructure, and digital literacy. Therefore, this study recommends a strategy for developing a blockchain-based digital economy platform through a decentralized architecture approach, smart contract integration, digital identity protection, regulatory compliance, and public education.

This research aims to analyze Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts on salam transactions from an Islamic legal perspective. A salam transaction is a form of sale recognized in Sharia, where payment is made in advance, while the goods are delivered at a later date. This research uses a literature review method with a descriptive analysis approach, examining primary and secondary sources related to Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts on salam. The results of the research show that Imam Abu Hanifah paid special attention to the valid conditions of salam transactions, with the aim of protecting the rights of both parties and preventing disputes. His thoughts emphasize the importance of clear specifications of goods, delivery time, and price, as well as the prohibition of practices that contain elements of gharar (uncertainty).

This study discusses a legal analysis of the differences between criticism and defamation in Indonesian law, especially in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE). The research method used is normative legal with a regulatory and contextual approach. The results of the study show that the Criminal Code and the ITE Law both provide protection for individual honor, but differ in the scope of application. The Criminal Code focuses more on conventional interactions, while the ITE Law regulates the electronic realm. Although it aims to protect the name well, the provisions in the ITE Law are considered to have weaknesses due to the potential for multiple interpretations that can threaten freedom of expression. Therefore, a proportional legal interpretation is needed to maintain a balance between protection of personal honor and respect for freedom.  

This study aims to analyze the impact of personal data protection on consumer satisfaction in online transactions in the marketplace. Along with increasing attention to privacy, consumers are increasingly demanding better data protection policies from marketplaces. This research uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques and content analysis of the privacy policies of several marketplaces in Indonesia. The results show that an effective data protection policy has a positive effect on the level of consumer satisfaction. The main influencing factors are policy transparency, consumer awareness, and their experience with personal data management. However, there is still a gap between existing policies and implementation in the field. Marketplaces that successfully manage personal data well can increase loyalty and competitiveness in an increasingly competitive market. The research also highlights the importance of educating consumers about their rights to personal data and the urgency for marketplaces to improve supervision and compliance with existing regulations. Overall, personal data protection not only fulfills legal obligations, but also becomes a differentiation strategy that increases consumer trust and strengthens marketplaces' position in the market.

Islamic economics has been practiced since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. However, at that time until several centuries later there was no special classification of disciplines for economics, causing several Muslim works to be lost. The role of scholars in this case is very influential in the sustainability of Islamic economics both in terms of theory and implementation. This journal aims to review the thoughts of Islamic economics from scholars, one of whom is Imam Abu Hanifah. By matching whether Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts are still relevant and can be applied in the modern era. The method used is research with the study method used is library research. Where researchers use books, journals, periodical articles, yerbooks, bulletins, annual reviews, historical records, magazines, and newspapers as the main subject of their study. The results of this study are that Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts on the salam contract are still relevant and can be implemented in the modern era. although not all sales and purchase contracts can use the salam contract method because there are several conditions that must be met in this contract.

This study aims to analyze the implications of business law on consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that business law plays an important role in protecting consumers in e-commerce transactions. However, the effectiveness of existing laws and regulations is still questionable because there are still many cases of fraud and unfair business practices. Therefore, this study suggests the need for improvements to laws and regulations, increased consumer awareness, effective supervision, and cooperation between the government and business actors to improve consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia.

The urgency of consumer protection in Sharia-compliant transactions has become increasingly prominent alongside the growth of the halal industry and rising public awareness of transactional justice based on Islamic principles. This study aims to formulate the theoretical and normative construction of consumer protection within the framework of Islamic law and to assess its compatibility with Indonesia’s positive legal system. Employing a normative juridical approach combined with a descriptive-analytical method, this research explores primary legal sources including Qur’anic verses, the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and scholarly opinions found in classical and contemporary fiqh al-mu‘āmalāt literature, as well as secondary legal sources such as Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, fatwas of the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and relevant academic literature. The analysis is conducted through content analysis to extract the values of justice, transparency, and balance of rights and obligations within contractual mechanisms. This study finds that core principles such as truthfulness (ṣidq), disclosure (bayān), and justice (‘adālah) constitute the essential foundation of consumer protection in the Islamic legal perspective. The prohibition of gharar (uncertainty), riba (usury), and tadlīs (fraudulent misrepresentation) is not merely a moral injunction but an integral safeguard mechanism for consumer rights. Furthermore, the institutional presence of supervisory bodies such as DSN-MUI and Sharia certification mechanisms has proven to be strategic, though they continue to face challenges in implementation, socialization, and consumer literacy. The findings also indicate a substantial opportunity for harmonizing Islamic legal principles with the national legal system within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening sectoral regulations based on Sharia principles, integrating fatwas into positive legal norms, and enhancing educational capacity for both business actors and consumers in order to realize ethical, equitable, and sustainable transactions.

This study explores the thoughts of Zaid bin Ali on credit transactions within the framework of economic justice in Islam. The research addresses key issues related to fairness, transparency, and ethical considerations in credit transactions, particularly in avoiding exploitation and ensuring mutual benefit. The study aims to analyze Zaid bin Ali’s perspectives on economic justice and their relevance to contemporary Islamic finance. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs library research methods by examining classical Islamic texts and scholarly interpretations. The findings reveal that Zaid bin Ali emphasized fairness in credit transactions by advocating for clear contractual terms, the prohibition of usury (riba), and the importance of ethical responsibility among transacting parties. His views align with the broader Islamic economic principles that seek to promote justice, balance, and social welfare. The study contributes to the discourse on Islamic economic thought by highlighting the relevance of classical Islamic perspectives in addressing modern financial issues. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing fairer and more ethical financial practices in contemporary Islamic banking and finance.

Drivers who frequently experience fictitious orders face significant psychological impacts. Stress and frustration are common reactions when they have to face situations where they have used time and resources to respond to orders that are not taken or canceled without clear reasons. The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative approach with a case study method. The qualitative approach was chosen because it aims to understand in depth the legal impact of combining sales and purchase agreements and debts on fictitious online motorcycle taxi order transactions, especially from the perspective of online motorcycle taxi drivers. The case study method was chosen because it allows researchers to investigate in depth one particular case, namely online gofood drivers in Desa Tengah, Pancur Batu, who experienced financial losses due to fictitious orders. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that fictitious orders in online motorcycle taxi services, as analyzed in the context of combining sales and purchase agreements and debts according to Islamic jurisprudence, have significant impacts both in terms of law and psychology. Legally, this practice violates the principle of a valid contract according to the fiqh of Al Masyqhul la Yusyghal, because it involves elements of fraud that are detrimental to drivers. Psychologically, drivers experience stress, frustration, and anxiety that have the potential to disrupt their overall well-being.

The land transfer process in Batam City requires a transfer permit from the Batam Supervisory Agency (BP Batam), considering that all land rights in the city are under the Land Management Rights (HPL) regulated by BP Batam based on Presidential Decree Number 41 of 1973. Land that falls into this category requires strict procedures and regulations, including the transfer of rights through a sale and purchase involving authorized parties. This study aims to identify weaknesses in regulations related to the transfer of joint assets, especially inherited land, through current sale and purchase. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analysis of applicable laws and regulations, to explore issues related to the transfer of joint assets in the form of inherited land. The main focus of the study is to identify weaknesses in the regulations governing the transfer of rights to inherited land through sale and purchase transactions. The results of the study indicate that the regulations governing the transfer of joint assets in the form of inherited land through sale and purchase have several weaknesses that require attention. These weaknesses consist of three aspects: weaknesses in legal substance, weaknesses in legal structure, and weaknesses in legal culture. In terms of substance, existing regulations do not provide clear and firm provisions regarding the distribution of inherited land rights within the family. Meanwhile, in terms of legal structure, there is still a discrepancy between applicable regulations and current practices. Weaknesses in the legal culture include a lack of understanding and legal awareness in society regarding the transfer of joint property. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for the state to play a role in protecting the legitimacy of joint property within families, particularly regarding the transfer of inherited land through sale and purchase in Batam City.  

The rapid development of digital technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has significantly impacted Indonesia’s legal framework, particularly concerning digital privacy protection. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 as an amendment to Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) in protecting digital privacy during the administration of President Joko Widodo. This research uses a normative legal method with a statutory and content analysis approach to examine digital legal policy. The findings show that, although there have been advances in regulation and law enforcement, digital privacy protection in Indonesia remains fragmented and has not fully adapted to the dynamic development of technology. The absence of a comprehensive legal framework and delays in the enactment of a dedicated data protection law are major challenges. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of formulating more progressive and holistic legal policies, along with adaptive regulations to ensure the protection of individual rights in the digital sphere.

This study explores the legal responsibilities of notaries in reporting suspicious financial transactions as part of implementing the Know Your Customer (KYC) Principle. As public officials, notaries are bound by confidentiality obligations; however, in the context of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing efforts, they are also required to report suspicious activities. The research applies a normative juridical approach using qualitative methods that focus on legal document analysis. The findings indicate that the notary's reporting obligation does not violate the confidentiality principle, as it is protected by law through both preventive and repressive legal safeguards. Proper implementation of the KYC Principle and due diligence allows notaries to actively contribute to financial integrity while minimizing their legal risk.

This research is motivated by the problem of communication in economic transactions in the Aru Islands District, which is recruited by a multi-ethnic community with a variety of regional languages. Although Indonesian has great potential as a national communication tool, its use in local economic activities is still limited, thus hampering the smooth interaction between traders and buyers. This communication inefficiency has an impact on the negotiation process and local economic competitiveness. This study aims to instill the role of Indonesian in facilitating economic transactions, identify barriers to use, and develop strategies to improve Indonesian language skills in the community. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies, with informants selected using purposive sampling techniques to obtain data relevant to the local economic context. Expected results include an understanding of the contribution of Indonesian in increasing the effectiveness of transactions, revealing communication challenges, and strategies for improving contextual and applicable language literacy. These findings can provide practical contributions to local governments, educational institutions, and business actors in developing language training programs that support economic activities. From a theoretical perspective, this research enriches the study of the relationship between language and economic development, especially in multilingual areas such as the Aru Islands.

Teknologi jaman sekarang mengalami perkembangan sangat pesat, berkembang dari masa ke masa seiring dengan meningkatnya kemampuan dan kebutuhan hidup manusia. Teknologi yang mempunyai peran penting dalam kehidupan manusia adalah komputer. Peran komputer terbukti banyak dibutuhkan dan digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam mengolah data informasi dan mengendalikan berbagai peralatan yang digunakan untuk membantu manusia dalam menjalankan tugasnya sehari - hari. Komputer juga telah banyak sekali membantu menyelesaikan dan mengatasi masalah dari yang paling mudah hingga yang paling rumit. Hingga komputer tidak bisa dipisahkan dari aktivitas manusia dari setiap pekerjaannya. Semakin meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi informasi diberbagai bidang sehingga menjadi acuan penulis untuk mengatasi permasalahan tentang antrian yang ada pada tiap - tiap instansi atau lembaga pemerintah dan pusat - pusat layanan pelanggan maupun masyarakat. Perlu diketahui bahwa untuk antri pada loket layanan dan juga transaksi lewat kasir atau petugas loket, harus siap antri berdiri secara berurut selama bermenit - menit lamanya, bahkan jika banyak pelanggan yang datang menyebabkan antrian yang terlalu banyak menyebabkan pelanggan menjadi merasa tidak nyaman dalam melakukan antrian. Tentu saja hal ini kurang menyenangkan dan cenderung memboroskan waktu. Di sebagian pusat layanan masyarakat seperti Bank, Koperasi, Jasa Pelayanan yang lain sudah menerapkan teknologi antrian dengan memberikan nomor urut antrian dan tampilan display text nomor urut, sehingga antrian secara berdiri berurut yang dulunya berbasis antrian satu persatu untuk menunggu antrian mulai dihilangkan sehingga pelanggan dapat menunggu antrian secara nyaman dan tidak perlu melakukan antrian salin menyerobot ingin cepat dilayani.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the emergence of crypto assets as a new investment instrument in Indonesia. Along with the increasing popularity of digital assets, the government responded by imposing tax policies in the form of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Income Tax (PPh) on every crypto transaction. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the tax imposition with the basic principles of tax law, as well as to examine its impact on the growth of the digital asset industry in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach sourced from regulations, scientific journals, official reports, and international comparative studies. The results of the study show that the imposition of VAT on crypto transactions is not fully in line with the principles of fairness, legal certainty, and efficiency in taxation. In addition, the disproportionately high tax burden has a negative impact on investor interest, encourages offshore transactions, and slows down innovation in the domestic blockchain industry. Therefore, policy reformulation is needed, such as the application of capital gains tax and the provision of fiscal incentives, so that tax regulations can support the sustainable growth of the national digital economy.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perilaku investor wanita dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi. Investor wanita di Makassar adalah informan penelitian tesis ini serta menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Paradigmanya interpretif dengan metode fenomenologi. Analisis datanya interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Teori dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori perilaku keuangan (behaviour finance) dengan konsep utamanya teori prospek. Hasilnya yaitu pemahaman investor wanita dalam keamanan berinvestasi, penggalian data, ketepatan waktu, kemudahan transasksi, dorongan menanti, pemaknaan berita, dorongan kejelian, dan imbal hasil. Implikasinya dari hasil dari pemahaman investor wanita dalam berinvestasi akan memicu pemahaman investor wanita dalam penggalian data, ketepatan waktu dan pemaknaan berita akan memuculkan perilaku keamanan. Pemahaman investor wanita dalam kemudahan transaksi, dan  dorongan kejelian akan memunculkan perilaku kenyamanan. Untuk pemahaman investor wanita dalam penggalian data, ketepatan waktu, dorongan kejelian dan imbal hasil akan memunculkan perilaku keuntungan. Dari ketiga perilaku yang ada yaitu keamanan, kenyamanan dan keuntungan akan menghasilkan sebuah perilaku investor wanita.

Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Principles Article 5 states that customary law in the context of land sale and purchase adheres to the principles of clarity and cash payment. Therefore, the drafting of a land sale and purchase deed is not mandatory to require full payment as long as both parties agree. However, this often leads to legal issues later, including cases where the seller commits a breach of contract (default). For this reason, the author conducted this study with the following research questions: 1. What are the legal consequences of the sale and purchase deed concerning default in land sale and purchase transactions carried out by the buyer? 2. How is the legal protection for the seller in the event of a default in a land sale and purchase transaction? The theories used to address these research questions are, first, the theory of agreements, and second, the theory of legal protection. This study employs normative legal research. The research approaches used include a legislative approach and a case approach. The legal material collection technique involves identifying and inventorying positive legal regulations, books, journals, and other legal material sources. Legal material analysis techniques are conducted through grammatical interpretation and legal construction methods. The research findings indicate that land sale and purchase transactions under the principles of clarity and cash payment allow for the drafting of sale and purchase deeds even though the transaction has not been fully paid by the buyer. This creates an opportunity for the seller to commit a breach of contract in such transactions, revealing a lack of preventive legal protection for the buyer. The legal consequence of the sale and purchase deed is that it lacks legal force if it can be proven that a breach of contract occurred during its drafting.

Digital procurement has significantly transformed business operations, impacting production, supply chain management, and customer interactions. At PT XYZ, routine commodity procurement utilizes an e-catalogue system, a form of e-procurement based on a catalog concept. This study examines the implementation stages, advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of the system. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation.Findings indicate that e-catalogue implementation at PT XYZ is complex before achieving full operation. Key advantages include automated PR creation and PO release, reducing administrative workload, enhancing transparency, and expediting procurement. However, drawbacks include inefficient data updates, a less user-friendly interface, and frequent system errors. Challenges involve poor socialization and the perception that the system mainly benefits buyers. Moreover, limited user understanding of time efficiency and error reduction further hinders adoption. Overall, while e-catalogue improves procurement efficiency, further enhancements in user training, system reliability, and feature usability are needed for optimal performance.

Sistem informasi yang terpusat akan terlalu membebani server hal ini dikarena banyaknya sistem informasi yang didistribusikan ke masing-masing fakultas atau ke masing-masing jurusan diantaranya dari berbagai macam sistem informasi tersebut adalah sistem informasi pendaftaran toefl, pada saat transaksi pendaftaran sistem ini akan berinteraksi dengan sistem informasi akademik Universitas Abulyatana untuk mencari data pokok mahasiswa yang jumlahnya pasti banyak maka pada kasus ini tentu akan membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga akan mengakibatkan server terbebani. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi masalah ini perlu dikembangkan suatu web service yang dapat memudahkan dalam komunikasi antar berbagai sistem informasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan interaksi sistem informasi pendaftaran toefl dan sistem informasi akademik pada Universitas Abulyatama dapat berjalan dengan baik menggunakan web service. Pada penelitian ini penerapan web service dikembang dengan menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter mengunakan standar librabri yang disediakan oleh Framework sehingga dalam berinteraksi dari berbagai sistem informasi menjadi cepat dan efektif.

Sistem informasi yang terpusat akan terlalu membebani server hal ini dikarena banyaknya sistem informasi yang didistribusikan ke masing-masing fakultas atau ke masing-masing jurusan diantaranya dari berbagai macam sistem informasi tersebut adalah sistem informasi pendaftaran toefl, pada saat transaksi pendaftaran sistem ini akan berinteraksi dengan sistem informasi akademik Universitas Abulyatana untuk mencari data pokok mahasiswa yang jumlahnya pasti banyak maka pada kasus ini tentu akan membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga akan mengakibatkan server terbebani. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi masalah ini perlu dikembangkan suatu web service yang dapat memudahkan dalam komunikasi antar berbagai sistem informasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan interaksi sistem informasi pendaftaran toefl dan sistem informasi akademik pada Universitas Abulyatama dapat berjalan dengan baik menggunakan web service. Pada penelitian ini penerapan web service dikembang dengan menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter mengunakan standar librabri yang disediakan oleh Framework sehingga dalam berinteraksi dari berbagai sistem informasi menjadi cepat dan efektif.