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The issue of forest degradation caused by illegal logging in Indonesia poses a serious threat to ecosystem balance and the survival of wildlife. This condition highlights the need for effective visual communication media to deliver environmental education messages in a communicative and easily understandable manner. This study aims to design a 2D educational animation that illustrates the impact of illegal logging on forest ecosystems from the perspective of an endemic animal, the surili. The method used is a qualitative approach with animation production stages consisting of pre-production, production, and post-production. The pre-production stage includes idea development, research, scriptwriting, storyboard creation, and visual design. The production stage involves the creation of visual assets, backgrounds, and animation processes to construct the storyline. The post-production stage includes visual editing, audio integration, and rendering as the final output. The result of this study is a 2D animation entitled “Jaga Lingkungan Hindari Kepunahan Alam,” which presents a structured narrative to effectively convey educational messages. The implications of this work indicate that animation as an educational medium can enhance public awareness of the impacts of illegal logging and emphasize that forest destruction affects not only wildlife but also humans as part of the ecosystem.

The development of fine motor skills in elementary school-aged children is crucial for academic achievement and daily activities. However, some children still experience delays in fine motor skills due to lack of stimulation, a lack of varied teaching methods, and the impact of technology use and learning after the pandemic. This study aims to improve fine motor skills in elementary school children through Educational Activities Using LEGO Bricks. The method used is a play-based learning approach integrated into thematic learning. The activities were conducted in several structured sessions, including an introduction, core activities, and reflection and evaluation. Participants were elementary school students who actively participated in LEGO assembly activities both individually and in groups. The results showed improvements in fine motor skills, evident in improvements in hand-eye coordination, accuracy, concentration, and manipulative abilities. Students also demonstrated great enthusiasm and progress in creativity when creating various types of works. The discussion indicates that playing with LEGO is beneficial for training small muscles in the hands through pinching, pressing, and arranging activities, as well as supporting cognitive development and a passion for learning. In other words, the LEGO Brick Educational Play Movement has proven to be an innovative and fun learning medium, as well as effective in developing the fine motor skills of elementary school students.

The distribution of social assistance in Indonesia faces challenges such as inaccurate recipient data, overlapping programs, and limitations of traditional data management systems that lead to inaccurate targeting of aid. This study proposes a social assistance distribution optimization system using the Greedy algorithm that assesses recipient priorities based on economic conditions, number of family members, location, and urgency of needs with certain weights to produce objective rankings. This system is implemented in a JavaScript-based web application without external frameworks, making it lightweight and easily accessible. Simulations with 20 prospective recipients and a quota of 10 slots and validation with a dataset of 10,000 entries show that the Greedy algorithm produces identical results to Dynamic Programming but is much faster (669 times faster). In terms of complexity, this algorithm has O(n log n) time and O(n) space, and meets the requirements of the Greedy Choice Property and Optimal Substructure, making it a practical and efficient solution for managing large-scale social assistance distribution in Indonesia.

This study examines the effect of capital structure, dividend policy, and firm size on firm value at PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk during the period 2014–2024. The company’s firm value has shown fluctuations and a declining trend despite an increase in total assets, indicating a mismatch between asset growth and market perception. This study aims to analyze the influence of internal financial factors on firm value, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach is employed using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements. Capital structure is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dividend policy using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), firm size using the natural logarithm of total assets, and firm value using Tobin’s Q. Data are analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS, supported by classical assumption tests, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that partially, capital structure and dividend policy do not have a significant effect on firm value, while firm size has a significant effect. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on firm value. The findings indicate that firm size plays a dominant role, while other factors may also influence firm value beyond the model.

Inappropriate complementary feeding (MPASI) practices remain a public health concern, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life, as they contribute to the risk of growth disorders such as stunting. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and maternal decision-making processes with complementary feeding practices based on consumer behavior theory. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 240 mothers with children aged 6–23 months in the working area of Puskesmas Putat Jaya, Surabaya. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant relationships between socioeconomic status and decision-making processes, as well as between decision-making processes and complementary feeding practices (p<0.05). Mothers with higher socioeconomic status tended to have better decision-making processes and more appropriate feeding practices. However, overall practices were not fully aligned with recommended standards. These findings indicate that improving complementary feeding practices requires not only knowledge enhancement but also strengthening maternal decision-making capacity within their socioeconomic context.

According to the International Agency for Cancer Registry (IACR), breast cancer is the most common cancer among women after lung cancer, and continues to be frequently diagnosed worldwide. In 2022, more than 2.32 million new cases of breast cancer were reported globally, while Indonesia recorded 65,858 cases (16.6% of all cancers). Therefore, adolescent girls need to have adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward breast self-examination (BSE/SADARI) as part of reproductive health awareness and preventive efforts. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding SADARI among 10th-grade female students at MAN (State Islamic Senior High School) 3 Sleman. This study employed a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design, involving a sample of 66 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions related to BSE. The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.606, which is greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). This indicates that there is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward BSE among 10th-grade female students at MAN 3 Sleman. In addition, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.065, indicating a very weak relationship between knowledge and attitudes. There is no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding BSE among 10th-grade female students at MAN 3 Sleman. Schools and healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance structured and continuous BSE education and incorporate educational media during health counseling to foster positive attitudes.

This study aims to evaluate simple bookkeeping practices in traditional Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through a comparative study between Nasi Padang and Warung Madura MSMEs. The background of this study is based on the still low level of financial literacy of MSMEs, especially in terms of recording and managing business finances, which are often not done systematically. The methods used in this activity include direct observation, simple bookkeeping training, and evaluation of the implementation of financial recording. The results of the observation indicate that Nasi Padang MSMEs have not kept complete financial records and still mix personal finances with business finances. Meanwhile, Warung Madura MSMEs have kept simple bookkeeping and separated business finances from personal finances, but the records are not organized neatly and systematically. The implementation of simple bookkeeping training has a positive impact on improving business actors' understanding in recording cash inflows and outflows and preparing simple profit and loss reports. The evaluation results show an increase in the ability of MSMEs to manage business finances in a more structured manner. Thus, simple bookkeeping plays an important role in increasing financial transparency, assisting business decision-making, and supporting the sustainability of MSMEs. This study recommends ongoing mentoring so that simple bookkeeping practices can be consistently implemented by MSMEs.

This study aims to evaluate simple bookkeeping practices in traditional Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through a comparative study between Nasi Padang and Warung Madura MSMEs. The background of this study is based on the still low level of financial literacy of MSMEs, especially in terms of recording and managing business finances, which are often not done systematically. The methods used in this activity include direct observation, simple bookkeeping training, and evaluation of the implementation of financial recording. The results of the observation indicate that Nasi Padang MSMEs have not kept complete financial records and still mix personal finances with business finances. Meanwhile, Warung Madura MSMEs have kept simple bookkeeping and separated business finances from personal finances, but the records are not organized neatly and systematically. The implementation of simple bookkeeping training has a positive impact on improving business actors' understanding in recording cash inflows and outflows and preparing simple profit and loss reports. The evaluation results show an increase in the ability of MSMEs to manage business finances in a more structured manner. Thus, simple bookkeeping plays an important role in increasing financial transparency, assisting business decision-making, and supporting the sustainability of MSMEs. This study recommends ongoing mentoring so that simple bookkeeping practices can be consistently implemented by MSMEs.

Corruption remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia because it weakens public trust, undermines welfare, and obstructs equitable development. This article examines how Aristotle’s virtue ethics can contribute to anti-corruption efforts by addressing the moral roots of corrupt behavior. The study argues that corruption is not only a legal or administrative violation but also a failure of character, judgment, and commitment to the common good. Using a qualitative conceptual design, the article employs philosophical analysis, a structured literature review, and Socratic questioning to examine the relationship between virtue, leadership, and public integrity. The analysis identifies three principal roots of corruption: weak moral character, poor ethical judgment, and self-interest over the common good. It shows that Aristotelian ethics offers an integrated response through the cultivation of moral virtue, intellectual virtue, and practical wisdom. The findings suggest that virtue-based ethics is most effective when combined with anti-corruption education, ethical leadership, stronger rule-of-law implementation, and institutional arrangements that reduce opportunities for abuse of power. Aristotle’s framework does not provide a complete solution, but it offers a valuable normative foundation for strengthening ethical public culture in Indonesia.

The transition from paper-based to Computer-Based Test (CBT) in the Academic Potential Test (TPA) for state university entrance selections has significantly transformed the educational assessment landscape. This conceptual study aims to evaluate the instruments of CBT-based TPA, focusing on validity, reliability, fairness, and technological infrastructure constraints. Employing a systematic literature review approach, this research synthesizes various foundational theories of educational measurement, specifically Item Response Theory (IRT) and Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT), alongside contemporary empirical findings from the last five years. The findings indicate that while CBT offers enhanced administrative efficiency and rapid grading, the validity of the instruments is frequently challenged by item exposure and the diverse digital literacy levels of test-takers. Furthermore, infrastructural disparities among regions pose a significant threat to testing fairness. The implication of this study suggests the urgent need for a dynamic item bank generation system and the implementation of adaptive testing to mitigate cheating and ensure equitable assessment. Future educational policies must bridge the digital divide before uniformly mandating CBT. Ultimately, this review provides a comprehensive framework for test developers to refine CBT TPA instruments, ensuring they genuinely measure academic potential rather than technological proficiency.

Social Studies (IPS) learning in elementary schools plays an essential role in developing students’ critical thinking skills and civic attitudes as part of 21st-century competencies. However, in practice, IPS learning is still commonly teacher-centered and lacks contextual learning experiences, resulting in low student engagement and limited development of higher-order thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in IPS learning to enhance critical thinking skills and civic attitudes of grade VI students at SDN Prekbun. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students, school principals, and parents, as well as documentation of learning activities. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that the implementation of PjBL effectively enhances students’ active participation, critical thinking skills in analyzing social issues, and civic attitudes such as responsibility, cooperation, and social awareness. Learning becomes more meaningful as students are directly involved in contextual, collaborative, and problem-based project activities. Despite these positive outcomes, several challenges were identified, including limited learning facilities, time management constraints, and variations in students’ confidence levels. This study implies that PjBL is an effective instructional model for strengthening character education and developing 21st-century skills in elementary social studies learning

This study examines the influence of technology utilization, records management, infrastructure, and training on employee performance at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Batam City. A quantitative approach with an associative design was employed to identify relationships between variables and measure their effects. The study involved 89 employees as respondents using a saturated sampling method to ensure all members of the population were included. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression along with F-test and t-test to assess both simultaneous and partial effects. The findings reveal that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on employee performance, while individually technology, records management, infrastructure, and training also demonstrate significant positive effects. These results indicate that the effective use of digital systems, well-organized archival practices, adequate and supportive facilities, and continuous training programs play a crucial role in enhancing employee performance and productivity, as well as improving efficiency, accuracy, and overall organizational effectiveness. The study suggests that organizations should strengthen technological implementation, improve document management systems, provide sufficient work facilities, and conduct sustainable training programs to achieve optimal and long-term organizational outcomes.

This study examines the influence of work discipline, employee motivation, and work environment on employee performance at the Office of Women Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning (DP3AP2KB) of Batam City. The research applies a quantitative approach with an associative design to determine the relationship and influence among variables. Data were collected from all employees using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability to ensure the accuracy of the research instrument. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression to evaluate both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on employee performance. The findings indicate that work discipline, motivation, and work environment collectively contribute significantly to improving employee performance. Individually, each variable also shows a meaningful and positive effect, reflecting the importance of both internal and external factors in shaping employee outcomes and productivity. These results imply that strengthening discipline, enhancing employee motivation, and creating a supportive, comfortable, and conducive work environment are essential strategies for improving organizational performance and achieving institutional goals effectively. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to implement policies and programs that support employee development, maintain a positive work atmosphere, and improve overall work quality in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to develop a Strategic Learning Enabler model by reconfiguring the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) units to enhance Generation Z student productivity in digital higher education. The research is motivated by the gap between digital transformation demands and the predominantly technical-operational role of ICT units. Using a quantitative explanatory design, this study examines the causal relationships among ICT role reconfiguration, adaptive learning systems, and student productivity. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Generation Z students engaged in digital learning environments and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that Generation Z students exhibit high responsiveness to structured tasks but lack continuity in learning activities due to weak self-regulated learning. The study also reveals that adaptive learning systems significantly mediate the relationship between ICT transformation and student productivity. The proposed model emphasizes digital governance, learning analytics, and micro-tasking structures as key components in building sustainable academic productivity. This research contributes both theoretically and practically by offering an institutional framework for digital learning transformation in higher education.

This study examines the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) among theology students and its ethical and theological implications for theological education in the Society 5.0 era. Employing a light mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, the research involved theology students through surveys and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that GenAI is primarily utilized as a learning support tool for understanding course materials and developing academic assignments. While students demonstrate awareness of potential bias and ethical concerns, consistent transparency and critical reflection in AI usage remain limited. The theological concept of imago Dei emerges as a significant analytical lens, emphasizing human dignity and moral responsibility in academic practices. The study concludes that GenAI can constructively support theological education when integrated with faith-based ethical literacy and clear institutional guidelines.

Entering the third decade of the 21st century, the church faces the urgency of redefining its existence amidst the shift to a digital ecosystem. This research aims to analyze the synergy between church management and transformational leadership toward the effectiveness of leader multiplication in the Digital 4.0 era. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through library research, this study explores the integration of modern management theories and theological principles. The findings indicate that church management serves as a vital infrastructure providing operational stability, while transformational leadership acts as a catalyst for innovation and behavioral change in facing VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) conditions. The synergy between these two elements creates a “Digital Shepherding” model, where the digital space is transformed into a theological medium for character formation and spiritual transmission. The study concludes that the effectiveness of leader multiplication is determined by a shift from person-centered leadership to a system-inspired approach that integrates digital capabilities with biblical integrity. Strategic implications suggest that churches must adopt a digital mindset and establish digital leadership laboratories to ensure the sustainability of their mission among Generation Z.

Islamization in Sambas, West Kalimantan, represents a historical and evolving process influenced by trade routes, the political dynamics of local kingdoms, and the transmission of Islamic knowledge through networks of scholars and local intellectuals. This process extended beyond the mere dissemination of religious teachings, encompassing significant social, cultural, and educational transformations within the community. A central figure in this Islamization process was Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885–1976), the Maharaja Imam of the Sambas Sultanate, who played a pivotal role in reforming Islamic education and strengthening religious understanding among the local population. This article employs a historical-qualitative approach and library research to trace the trajectory of Islamization in Sambas while analyzing Basiuni Imran’s contributions within the socio-cultural context of the region. The findings reveal that Basiuni Imran’s thought reinforced Islamization through the modernization of Islamic education, the integration of Sharia with local customs, and the establishment of adaptive religious structures, thereby significantly shaping the religious life of the Sambas community from the colonial period to the early years of Indonesia’s independence.

The study of Islamic manuscripts contributes to understanding the development of thought, values, and social practices in Muslim communities, especially when texts are viewed as cultural artifacts. This research examines the Eid al-Adha sermon manuscript from the private collection of Mgs. Muhammad Jufri using a philological approach combined with value and da'wah analysis. The method is qualitative, applying philological stages such as inventory, description, transliteration, and textual criticism to produce a reliable text edition close to the original form. The analysis is strengthened by hermeneutics and da'wah studies to interpret meanings, values, and messages contextually. The findings show that the manuscript has a structured sermon format consisting of opening, main content, and closing, with strong rhetorical and religious functions. The text contains core values such as tawhid, obedience, sacrifice, social solidarity, and morality, as well as da'wah messages emphasizing piety, qurban practice, ukhuwah, and social awareness. Although limited by the absence of data regarding authorship and transcription time, the manuscript remains relevant as a source of Islamic values. This study shows that combining philology with interpretive approaches can enrich textual meaning and support Islamic studies development in contemporary society and strengthening cultural understanding among modern Muslim communities today worldwide context.

The phenomenon of emotional healing has become increasingly prominent in popular culture as the younger generation experiences increasing loss, emotional exhaustion, and numbness. Popular music serves as a medium of expression, representing these emotional dynamics through poetic language and symbolic structures. This study aims to analyze the emotional representation of healing in Umay Shahab's song "Perayaan Mati Rasa" using Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, analyzing three layers of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth, through breaking down the lyrics into several lexicons and reading signs. The results show that (1) denotatively, the lyrics construct an emotional arc from inner tension to self-contemplation; (2) connotatively, the use of diction and imagery represents vulnerability, resilience, and emotional reflection; and (3) at the mythical level, the song constructs release as a form of emotional maturity and loss as a process of identity formation. Thus, this song functions as a cultural representation in interpreting the process of emotional healing in popular culture.

This article discusses strengthening civic identity through multicultural education based on local wisdom in Gorontalo Regency. The main problem raised is how local culture, although recognized as a symbol of regional identity, has not been fully translated into an inclusive and reflective pedagogical design to shape students' civic awareness. This study uses a qualitative case study design based on document analysis, with data sources in the form of indexed journal articles, regional official publications, and educational documents published in 2021–2026. The focus of the study is directed at educational practices in Limboto and Dungaliyo. The data was selected purposively based on relevance, credibility, and thematic proximity, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show three main findings: first, huyula local wisdom as the value of mutual cooperation, solidarity, and collective responsibility functions as a cultural bridge that connects social diversity with civic disposition. Second, multicultural education is more effective when local values are explicitly integrated into classroom interactions, school habituation, collaborative work, and reflective discussions. Third, challenges arise because many local values are still implicitly practiced so that they have not yet formed a reflective citizenship consciousness. This article concludes the need for a shift from symbolic recognition to structured pedagogical design through curriculum contextualization, teacher mediation, and school-to-community partnerships.