Publication Search

Stunting is a failure to achieve physical development measured by weight for age. The limitation of stunting is height according to age based on Z-score equal to or less than -2SD (Standard Deviation) below the standard average. In 2005 - 2011 Indonesia ranked fifth with the highest prevalence of stunting. The purpose this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. This study used a literature review method conducted by searching for relevant journals trough Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed and DOAJ database. Inclusion criteria for reviewing the content of references in English and Indonesia publish in the last ten years. Research result from various literatures show that research finding from various sources indicate that the factor influencing stunting toddler aged 24-59 months include maternal knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, and disease history.

In the course of its long history, Islam in the archipelago has brought significant transformations in the way religious knowledge is delivered and learned. Literacy in pesantren has evolved from the traditional form of the yellow book to digital formats such as ebooks. In the 16th century, the yellow book emerged in the context of the archipelago as a very important cultural heritage of literacy in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. The yellow book is characterized by the yellowish color of the paper and is often referred to as al-kutub al-qadimah, which means classical or ancient books. Nahwu and Sharaf are two fundamental pillars of Arabic grammar that are essential for mastery of the language. Nahwu focuses on the structure of sentences as well as the function of words in the context of the sentence, while Sharaf studies changes in word forms and the process of derivation. These two disciplines complement each other in building a thorough understanding of the Arabic language. According to an article on Kompasiana, Nahwu and Sharaf materials are very integral in learning Arabic, similar to the role of grammar in English. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library research method that aims to explore in depth various literatures related to Islamic character building in the digital era. Data collection is done by reviewing secondary sources, including books, scientific journals, academic articles, and documents.

Online lending has become an increasingly popular financial solution in Indonesia, providing easy access to funds for people who are not fully served by traditional financial institutions. Despite offering many conveniences, the rapid growth of online lending brings various risks, such as the rise of illegal online loans, high interest rates, and the potential misuse of users' personal data. This research aims to analyze consumer protection in online loan transactions, by reviewing existing regulations, such as Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection, OJK Regulation No. 77/Pojk.01/2016, and the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach that prioritizes legal materials in the form of laws and regulations as the main reference. Data collection techniques are carried out through library research, analyzing relevant regulations and related literature. The results show that although these regulations already exist, the implementation of supervision and law enforcement is still weak, resulting in many violations harming consumers. Stricter supervision from OJK, strict sanctions against illegal fintech providers, and increased education to the public about their rights as consumers are needed. With more effective supervision and clearer regulations, it is hoped that the online lending industry can develop healthily and provide benefits without harming consumers.

Indonesia adheres to a democratic government system that relies on the principle of checks and balances. This principle is inherent in the legislative institution, namely the DPR, which has the right to carry out its duties, one of which is the right to inquiry. In the election context, the right to inquiry can be used to investigate fraud or violations that occur in the election administration process. However, the use of the right to inquiry currently still raises pros and cons among the public. In response to this, this research aims to understand the juridical considerations regarding the right to inquiry in holding elections and analyze the influence of the right to inquiry on elections. The method used in this research is descriptive normative law by studying or reviewing primary and secondary legal materials. This research shows that the DPR’s right to inquiry cannot influence or cancel the election results. However, the DPR’s right to inquiry can be used to request information from the government regarding the implementation of elections.

This paper examines the story of King Saul seeking help from a medium in Endor as a tragic illustration of the spiritual downfall of a leader who was once chosen and anointed by God. In his distress and desperation, Saul chose a path that violated the law, marking his disconnection from God. This action not only shows a serious spiritual deviation, but also reveals the irony that a female medium becomes a means for God to deliver His judgment. It also explores Christian theological views on the practice of séances, including the moral and spiritual implications they bring. By comparing the historical and cultural background of Israel, and reviewing it from a biblical perspective, this paper emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's word and the dangers of involvement in the occult. The relevance of this story to the Christian life today serves as a reminder to remain steadfast in God's revelation and to distance ourselves from deviant spiritual practices. It also invites readers to reflect on the importance of maintaining spiritual integrity in facing the challenges of life.

The profession of bank employees is an honorable one and carries great responsibility in maintaining the stability of the financial system and public trust. In carrying out their duties, bank employees are subject to legal protections and strict banking codes of ethics. However, in reality, violations of the code of ethics do sometimes occur, caused by various factors ranging from weak internal supervision to a lack of understanding of professional ethics itself. Therefore, this research aims to examine in depth the conceptualization of professional ethics for bank employees. The research method used is library research and internet searching. Data collection techniques were carried out by reviewing various sources of information, such as legal books, scientific journals, legislation, and other credible sources relevant to the issues studied. The results of the study indicate that the code of ethics for bank employees is a set of moral principles that serves as the foundation of personal integrity and professional behavior.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that affect the quality of life and productivity of individuals. LBP lasting more than 12 weeks is categorized as chronic LBP and often has no specific cause. Core stability exercise (CSE) is one of the effective rehabilitation methods in managing pain and disability in chronic LBP patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CSE in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP based on a literature review. Methods: This study used the literature review method by reviewing various relevant studies related to CSE and chronic LBP. Data sources were obtained from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PEDro. Articles used had inclusion criteria in the form of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English, and involving patients with non-specific chronic LBP. Article quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Results: From the analysis of eight articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that CSE has significant effectiveness in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score showed a greater reduction in the group undergoing CSE compared to the control group or other therapeutic methods. Moreover, the combination of CSE with adjunctive therapies such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), interferential therapy (IFC), and myofascial release technique (MRT) showed better results in reducing pain and improving postural stability and physical function. Conclusion: CSE can be an effective rehabilitation method to reduce pain and improve core muscle stability in patients with chronic LBP. Combination with other therapies may provide more optimal results.

Instilling moral values in elementary school students presents its own challenges in the era of globalization, especially with the emergence of Generation Z, who have distinctive characteristics. This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by teachers in teaching moral education at the elementary level. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied by reviewing relevant literature sources. The findings reveal that teachers play a crucial role as role models and mentors in embedding Pancasila values through active learning, integrating moral values into the curriculum, and utilizing contextual learning media such as folklore rooted in local wisdom. Challenges encountered include environmental influences, limited resources, and students’ low awareness of the importance of morals. This study highlights the need for collaboration among schools, families, and communities, as well as continuous teacher competency development, to foster students with noble character, ethics, and readiness to contribute positively to the nation.

The principle of legality is a legal principle that states that every act may only be subject to sanctions if it has been stipulated in the legislation before the criminal act is committed. The research aims to analyze the necessity of a law before a criminal event occurs; analyze the assessment of an act that is not analogous; analyze the need for the principle of legality to protect individuals from arbitrary actions by judicial officers. The research method is the normative legal method, by adopting conventions, legislation, law books, journals, articles, the internet. Furthermore, comprehensively reviewing the literature so that maximum results are obtained. The results of the research, law enforcement that is fair, pure and consistent is still difficult to achieve considering that many officers still do not fully understand the meaning of the principle of legality so that they often make mistakes in considering imposing criminal sanctions, and often their decisions exceed their authority. Human rights are inherent rights in individuals, so individuals should get their rights. Protection of individual rights is mandated in the 1945 Constitution Article 28G paragraph (1) Article 28H paragraph (1). Legal certainty is a vital element in building an honest and fair legal strategy. It is expected that when laws are created, they should be in accordance with a systematic, democratic mechanism based on empirical observation results, so that errors in the application of the law can be minimized. Thus, all people get legal certainty where their rights are protected and maintained, on the other hand, each individual is aware not to do prohibited acts because every action has logical and firm consequences.  

In the digital era, companies are required to manage data optimally to improve operational efficiency. This research aims to analyze the role of data management and database systems in supporting company work efficiency. A descriptive approach is used by reviewing literature from various relevant academic sources. The results show that the implementation of a structured database system can reduce data redundancy, increase the speed of information access, and strengthen the decision-making process. With good data integration between divisions, the company can improve internal coordination and response to market changes. The findings confirm the importance of an effective data management strategy in supporting an organization's competitive advantage.    

Celebration is part of human emotional expression that is often carried out in various forms, ranging from personal celebrations to collective moments such as the success of a sports team or major religious holidays.This article aims to examine the phenomenon of celebration from the perspective of the hadith of Prophet Muhammad SAW, by reviewing several narrations related to expressions of joy, forms of celebrations, and the Shari'ah limits in their implementation.This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a thematic approach to relevant hadiths, both from the nine canonical collections and the commentary books.The study results show that Islam does not prohibit forms of celebration as long as they do not contain elements of sin, violate Sharia norms, or imitate traditions that contradict Islamic teachings.Hadiths show that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) himself did not deny expressions of joy as long as they were done within reasonable and meaningful limits.Therefore, celebrations in Islam are considered a means of expressing legitimate gratitude and happiness, as long as they are conducted in accordance with true Islamic values.

This article examines the foundational role of traditional methods in Arabic language instruction by exploring classical pedagogies rooted in Islamic educational heritage. Amid the rising dominance of modern and communicative approaches, a critical reassessment of historical methods—such as imlāʾ, talqīn, qirāʾah jahrīyah, ḥifẓ, and tarjamah—is necessary to understand their pedagogical strengths, limitations, and philosophical underpinnings. This study employs a reflective literature-based method that draws upon classical Islamic texts, modern comparative analyses, and recent academic contributions to reconstruct the theoretical framework of traditional instruction. Findings reveal that while classical methods emphasized memorization, authority, and textual mastery, they also embodied a coherent epistemology centered on ethical formation (adab), teacher–student transmission (taqlīd), and spiritual-intellectual integration. These methods were not only instructional techniques but were embedded within broader ontological and axiological assumptions about knowledge, language, and human development. The study argues that rather than being entirely outdated, elements of traditional pedagogy remain relevant and can be selectively integrated into modern educational models to balance structure with creativity, discipline with dialogue. By critically reviewing classical pedagogies, this article contributes to the discourse on Arabic language curriculum reform, especially in Islamic institutions seeking to preserve identity while engaging contemporary educational challenges

The development of the digital economy in Indonesia drives the need for a transparent and efficient transaction system. Blockchain technology is present as a creative answer to this challenge, through distributed and unmodifiable transaction recording. This study uses a literature study method by reviewing various scientific literature related to the role of blockchain in increasing transparency and security of digital transactions. The results of the study state that blockchain can strengthen the digital economy ecosystem by increasing public trust, data protection, and operational efficiency, especially in the financial and MSME sectors. However, the implementation of this technology still faces obstacles such as limited regulations, infrastructure, and digital literacy. Therefore, this study recommends a strategy for developing a blockchain-based digital economy platform through a decentralized architecture approach, smart contract integration, digital identity protection, regulatory compliance, and public education.

The low level of Islamic financial literacy in Indonesia is a serious challenge in realizing a financial system that is inclusive and in accordance with Islamic values. Islamic financial literacy reflects an individual's understanding of financial concepts and products based on sharia principles such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir, as well as the importance of fairness and social responsibility. This article aims to evaluate strategies to improve Islamic financial literacy by emphasizing on two main approaches: education and public campaigns. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various academic literatures, financial institution reports, as well as practices in other countries that have successfully implemented Islamic financial literacy widely. The results of the study show that formal education such as the integration of Islamic finance materials in the school curriculum, as well as non-formal education in the form of training and counseling, contribute significantly to improving public understanding. On the other hand, public campaigns through social media, educational videos, and collaboration with religious leaders have proven effective in reaching various segments of society, especially the younger generation. This study concludes that improving Islamic financial literacy requires a holistic and synergistic approach between education, campaigns, and regulatory support from the government and financial institutions. Recommendations include thematic curriculum development, training for educators, and sustained digital-based campaigns. The findings of this article are expected to make practical and theoretical contributions to the development of Islamic financial literacy strategies in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the transition from manual to electronic (e-Filing) annual tax return (SPT) reporting on the efficiency of tax administration in Indonesia. Indonesia adopts a self-assessment system, granting taxpayers full trust to report and calculate their own tax obligations. However, manual SPT reporting often leads to challenges such as slow processes, human error risks, and high administrative burdens. To address these issues, the government has implemented an electronic filing system (e-Filing) as part of its tax service modernization efforts. This research employs a qualitative library research method by reviewing literature, regulations, and previous relevant studies. The findings indicate that e-Filing significantly enhances administrative efficiency, accelerates processes, reduces operational costs, and improves data accuracy and security. The implications of this research highlight the importance of optimizing socialization, training, and further development of the e-Filing system to encourage more taxpayers to shift to electronic reporting, thereby fostering a more modern, transparent, and accountable tax administration.

Sexual education for children, especially girls, is an important aspect in efforts to protect themselves from social risks such as harassment, violence, and exploitation. This article aims to examine the urgency of integrating sexual education into the basic education system as a strategic preventive measure. The method used is library research by reviewing various scientific literature, reference books, and education policy documents. The results of the study show that many parents still have a wrong understanding of sexual education, so discussions about the body, privacy, and social boundaries are often avoided. In fact, sexual education that is delivered appropriately according to the stages of child development can increase self-awareness, build self-confidence, and strengthen children's communication skills in dealing with risky social situations. Schools have a strategic role as a safe and conducive educational environment in introducing the concept of sexuality in a healthy and responsible manner. Therefore, sexual education should be an integral part of the national curriculum in order to support optimal child growth and development and protect them from various forms of violence.

Drug cases in Indonesia are at a very worrying level. The phenomenon of abuse of narcotics, psychotropic drugs, and illegal drugs (narcotics), should be a concern for the government and all levels of society in general. The rampant behavioral deviations of the younger generation, namely the occurrence of narcotics crimes, one of which is the abuse of narcotics and illegal drugs, are currently increasing. Teenagers are very potential targets for the circulation of narcotics and dangerous drugs, so there must be real efforts to prevent and eradicate them. The problem approach method used in this writing is the normative legal method. Primary data collection techniques are obtained by conducting searches, inventories and reviewing regulations using literature studies including laws and regulations, books and articles in journals and scientific works. The police in eradicating drug crimes have the authority in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Police. The main authority includes investigation of Pre-emptive, Preventive, Repressive action.

The purpose of this article is to explain how to teach Islamic religious education to young children through play tactics. Play describes a fun activity that can be done with or without tools. To strengthen the facts and information that underlie the discussion, this research uses a literature study approach, namely focusing on collecting, reviewing and evaluating various relevant literature sources. Various ways of using playing tactics and their significance in studying Islam will be discussed in this article. This is intended to help children understand religious concepts. According to research, children can learn Islamic teachings in a more interesting and enjoyable way if they use play techniques. Apart from that, play activities educate moral values, foster social relationships, and shape children's Islamic personalities.

Abstract. The development of the era has driven various changes in the order of human life and forced humans to develop in a more advanced and modern life. As one proof that the development of the era is the increasingly advanced and sophisticated information technology that can be easily learned, accessed and utilized to support humans in carrying out their daily lives. The progress and sophistication of this technology has now had a great impact on life both in the socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects of society. society can easily utilize the sophistication of this technology wisely or it can also be misused. Crimes that often occur using online media are crimes in the form of online prostitution. The problem approach method used in this writing is the normative juridical method. Primary data collection techniques are obtained by conducting searches, inventories and reviewing regulations using literature studies including laws and regulations, books and articles in journals and scientific works. Criminal law enforcement against online prostitution in Indonesia still faces various obstacles. Criminal law enforcement against online prostitution in Indonesia is legally based on Law No. 1 of 2003 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. 19 of 2016), Criminal Code, and Pornography Law No. 44 of 2008.    

The transformation of Human Resource Development (HRD) through a data-driven decision-making system has become a strategic necessity for organizations aiming to improve performance and competitiveness. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach by reviewing several relevant journals that discuss the integration of data analytics into HRD functions. The findings indicate that data-driven decision systems enable organizations to accurately identify training needs, predict employee performance, and design development programs that align with evolving organizational demands. Furthermore, the use of data reduces subjective bias in evaluation processes and enhances the objectivity of performance assessments. This transformation also strengthens the strategic role of HRD by providing timely and evidence-based recommendations that support organizational goals. However, successful implementation requires technological readiness, digital competencies among HR personnel, and an organizational culture that encourages data utilization. Overall, the literature review shows that adopting data-driven decision approaches significantly contributes to improving HRD effectiveness and organizational performance.