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Sectio caesarea is a common surgical procedure to deliver a baby when normal delivery is not possible or risky. Postoperatively, patients often experience acute pain that can interfere with the recovery process. The benson relaxation technique is a nonpharmacological method that has been shown to be effective in reducing pain through a relaxation and patient confidence approach. This study uses a case study approach on Mrs. T, a post-sectio caesarea patient at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City. Nursing care is carried out comprehensively for three days, including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main intervention was the administration of benzone relaxation techniques for 10–15 minutes every day. After three days of applying the Benson relaxation technique, Mrs. T's pain intensity decreased from a scale of 6 (moderate pain) to a scale of 2 (mild pain). Patients show increased comfort, ability to be active, and decreased expressions of pain such as grimacing. These results support previous findings that benzon relaxation is effective as a nonpharmacological therapy in reducing postoperative pain. This technique can be a safe and easy-to-apply alternative in nursing practice, especially for post-sectio caesarean patients.

Services in the health sector are a form of public service that must be implemented properly by the government. In the context of health services, the importance of effective and efficient implementation cannot be ignored because this has a direct impact on people's quality of life. In order for health services to achieve their goals, various requirements must be met, including the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, a harmonious relationship between patients and service providers, easy accessibility, and high quality. The aim of this research is to determine the description of the service quality of administrative staff. at the Kelapa Gading Community Health Center. The method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach which produces univariate results. This research was conducted at the Kelapa Gading Community Health Center with a total of 150 respondents. The variables in this research are Service Procedures, Completion Time, Service Costs, Service Products, Facilities and Infrastructure, Accreditation of Service Officers. The population in this study were all 1.216 outpatients with a sample of 150 respondents.

Meningitis is a serious infectious disease that can be prevented through vaccination; however, the vaccination process often causes anxiety in patients, especially during the pre-procedure phase. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect patient readiness and comfort. Therapeutic communication by nurses is one intervention that has the potential to reduce this level of anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and the anxiety levels of patients prior to meningitis vaccination at Pambalah Batung Amuntai Regional General Hospital. This study used a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 107 respondents selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data on therapeutic communication were collected using an observation sheet, while anxiety levels were measured using the DASS questionnaire (anxiety subscale). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most therapeutic communication was in the good category, and patient anxiety levels were predominantly in the normal category. Statistical test results indicated a significant relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and patient anxiety levels (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The better the therapeutic communication provided, the lower the patient’s anxiety level. In conclusion, nurses’ therapeutic communication plays an important role in reducing patient anxiety prior to meningitis vaccination and needs to be optimized in nursing practice.

This research focuses on the creation and implementation of a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the position of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Wonomulyo District, Polewali Mandar Regency. The rationale behind this research is rooted in the rapid economic and demographic development in the area, which requires easy access to financial services. However, the distribution of existing ATM points is still uneven, where people in rural areas often have to travel long distances to reach the nearest ATM. The method of creating this system involves the use of the PHP programming language along with a MySQL database. This system aims to present spatial information about the current ATM location accurately, thereby helping the public in finding banking services with high accuracy through an interactive map interface. In addition, this system offers optimal paths to ATM locations to improve user time efficiency. System evaluation was conducted using black box techniques to verify that the menu operations and application procedures function as intended. The findings indicate that the implementation of GIS improves public access while offering data assistance for financial institutions and local governments in developing a more equitable and systematic public facility allocation strategy in the future.

Digital transformation in the public sector encourages civil servants to utilize technology not only for administrative purposes but also to improve efficiency, accuracy, and work performance. This study examines the influence of Intelligent Learning-Based Training and Digital Training Components on the Digital Productivity of civil servants at the Bureau of Economic Affairs of the Regional Secretariat of Lampung Province, with Adaptive Competence serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a non-experimental survey design was applied, and data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to employees engaged in digital-based work activities. The data were analyzed using structural model testing procedures. The findings reveal that Intelligent Learning-Based Training does not significantly influence Adaptive Competence or Digital Productivity. Conversely, Digital Training Components positively and significantly affect both Adaptive Competence and Digital Productivity. Adaptive Competence also has a positive impact on Digital Productivity and mediates the relationship between Digital Training Components and Digital Productivity. However, Adaptive Competence does not mediate the relationship between Intelligent Learning-Based Training and Digital Productivity. These results indicate that civil servants’ digital productivity is more effectively improved through practical, relevant, accessible, and well-evaluated digital training programs than through intelligent learning systems alone. Therefore, public institutions are encouraged to develop digital training initiatives that align with employees’ daily work demands while strengthening their adaptive competence in responding to technological changes.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether employee productivity affects the job desk. To determine whether the work system affects the job desk through employee productivity as an intervening variable. To determine whether work procedures affect job desks through employee productivity as an intervening variable. The research methodology was carried out using quantitative research with 33 respondents of PT Hear Life Medan employees.  From the results of hypothesis testing that has been done, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This shows that the work system, work procedures and job descriptions have a significant influence on employee productivity The effect of the work system on employee productivity can be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the calculation results, the R2 value is 0.775. This means that the work system only provides an influence of 75.5% on employee productivity, while the remaining 24.5% is influenced by other factors.

This study aims to analyze exegetically and socio-historically the text of Deuteronomy 21:10–14 concerning the treatment of female war captives in ancient Israel. This passage has often been debated as it is perceived to reflect a patriarchal system, thus requiring a comprehensive interpretation to understand its original intent. This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, utilizing textual exegesis, historical-critical, and literary analysis of the Hebrew text, as well as an examination of the Ancient Near Eastern context. The findings reveal that the legal structure of the text is progressive and regulatory in nature, not legitimizing exploitation but rather restricting male behavior through specific procedures, including a mourning period and a process of social transition for the captive woman. The analysis of Hebrew terminology highlights symbolic meanings related to status transformation, purification, and recognition of the woman's humanity. In its socio-historical context, this law differs significantly from common practices in the Ancient Near East, which often exploited war captives, by imposing limitations on economic and social exploitation and providing a degree of protection. Theologically, the text reflects the function of the Mosaic law as a regulatory framework that introduces justice and humanity within a complex social reality. Therefore, Deuteronomy 21:10–14 is best understood as an ethical effort to limit inhumane practices rather than to endorse them.

Background: Class II restoration according to the classification of Greene Vardiman Black is one of the procedures in dental conservation that often presents a challenge for operators or dentists during treatment. Class II restorations have their own level of difficulty, particularly during the placement of restorative materials into the cavity. One of the possible failures in Class II restorative treatment is marginal leakage, which can lead to microleakage at the restoration margins. Purpose: To report the success of class II restoration with composite resin using tofflmire matrix. Case report: A 23-year-old female patient came with a complaint of cavities, the complaint was felt since 1 year ago in the lower left back tooth, there was no pain and had never been treated. In the case, preparation and restoration were carried out using composite resin with isolation using tofflmire matrix, applied using an Incremental technique. Discussion: Class II posterior tooth restorations have challenges such as leakage due to the techniques and materials used. Composite resin is chosen because of its good adaptation, esthetics, and wear resistance. Incremental techniques are preferred because they reduce polymerization stress and provide optimal curing results. Tofflemire matrix is ​​used for stability and soft tissue protection.Conclusion: The selection of composite resin with an Incremental technique and the use of a Tofflemire matrix provides more optimal, aesthetic, and minimal risk of failure results for class II posterior tooth restorations.

This study aims to analyze the invoice issuance procedure in the billing process for clinker transportation services using the CSMS (Customer Service Management System) at PT Semen Indonesia Logistik (SILOG). The primary focus of the research is on the workflow within the billing and reporting unit, as well as the identification of challenges and recommendations for improvement in the process. This research adopts a case study method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Four informants were selected using purposive sampling. The findings indicate that the billing process begins with the receipt of documents from partners, followed by document verification, data entry into the CSMS system, and invoice printing. Invoice creation is done manually so that delays often occur due to data discrepancies, input errors, incomplete documents, etc .The implications of this study reveal that despite the implementation of CSMS, technical and administrative obstacles still hinder efficiency. Improvements are needed through automated data input, integration of the contract database, and refinement of standard operating procedures (SOPs) to expedite and enhance the billing process. These findings can serve as a reference for developing a more effective digital billing system in the logistics sector.

This study aimed to examine the extent to which trust, perceived security, and ease of use of the GrabFood platform influence consumer transaction decisions in Batam City. The method used was descriptive quantitative, involving 204 respondents who had made purchases through GrabFood, selected through purposive sampling based on Jacob Cohen's formula to ensure representative results. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through a series of procedures, including validity and reliability testing, classical assumption checking, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing using t-tests and F-tests. The study findings revealed that trust contributed 22.0%, security 38.9%, and ease of use 23.2% to purchasing decisions. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 65.6% confirmed that these three factors simultaneously explained a significant portion of the variation in consumer purchasing behavior. Furthermore, t-tests and F-tests confirmed a positive and significant influence, both individually and collectively, on consumer decisions to use GrabFood.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions for Nacific products in Batam City, with an emphasis on the role of digital marketing, E-WOM, and brand image. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative involving 204 respondents who have purchased Nacific products, selected through purposive sampling techniques based on Jacob Cohen's calculations to ensure the adequacy and representativeness of the sample. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, then analyzed through a series of statistical procedures including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using t-tests and F-tests. The findings of the regression analysis revealed that the influence of digital marketing on purchasing decisions was recorded at 21.9%, E-WOM at 27.0%, and brand image at 34.0%. The coefficient of determination value of 0.722 confirms that digital marketing, E-WOM, and brand image simultaneously contribute 72.2% in explaining purchasing decisions. The results of the t-test and F-test indicate that digital marketing, e-WOM, and brand image each have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously.

Differential equations involve derivatives of unknown functions and are widely used in mathematical modeling of various real-world problems. They can be classified based on linearity, homogeneity, coefficients, number of independent variables, degree, and order, thus requiring appropriate solution methods. One commonly used approach is the reduction of order method, which simplifies equations by reducing their order step by step. However, this method generally requires the solution of the corresponding homogeneous equation as an initial step. This study aims to solve nonhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations of order with constant coefficients using the reduction of order method without determining the homogeneous solution. This research is a theoretical study based on relevant references concerning solution methods and types of differential equations. The procedure consists of two main stages: determining the fundamental symmetric polynomial variables based on the coefficients and constructing a sequence of solutions through first-order linear differential equations obtained from the reduction process. The results show that this method systematically produces the general solution of linear differential equations of order , making it an effective and efficient alternative approach

West Sumatra is one of the Indonesian regions with high exposure to natural hazards, making fast, accurate, and accessible disaster information essential. This study aims to analyze the role of the Instagram account of the West Sumatra Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in disseminating disaster information, examining both institutional management practices and public interpretation of the messages. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten external informants and six internal BPBD informants, supported by observation and documentation of Instagram-based disaster communication. The data were analyzed through reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Instagram functions as a channel for early warning, emergency updates, disaster education, documentation, and public interaction. Internal informants described content production through field documentation, editing, 5W+1H-based narration, verification, and coordination with related agencies. Public informants perceived BPBD information as clear, credible, and useful for daily preparedness, although they expected faster updates, simpler visuals, and more interactive content. The study implies that disaster communication through Instagram needs to strengthen verification procedures, real-time updates, human resources, and two-way engagement.

Assistance in obtaining a Business License Number (NIB) and halal certification at Rewwin Housing was carried out as a strategic effort to promote legality and increase the competitiveness of MSMEs. In general, many business actors still do not have legal status due to limited knowledge regarding administrative procedures and digital licensing systems. In fact, business legality is a crucial aspect that can increase consumer trust, expand market access, and strengthen a business's position amidst competition. Sobar et al. (2023), "improving product quality and becoming a service are key factors in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs," which is supported, among other things, by having a business legality. The mentoring activity was carried out on February 7–8, 2026, using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, which emphasized active participation between the mentor and business actors in identifying obstacles and completing the mentoring process together. Through this process, MSME partners gained practical understanding regarding NIB registration through the OSS system and halal certification applications. The results of the activity showed an increased awareness that business legality is not only an administrative responsibility, but also a strategic increase in business credibility and professionalism. Ridwan et al. (2024) legal assistance can increase the understanding and readiness of MSME actors in developing their businesses sustainably.

This study aims to analyze the influence of effective communication on the emotional intelligence of early childhood. Effective communication is the process of conveying clear, empathetic, and responsive messages between educators or parents and children, which plays a crucial role in shaping children's abilities to recognize, understand, and manage emotions. Emotional intelligence is an essential aspect of child development because it supports social adaptation, self-regulation, and positive interpersonal relationships. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The subjects were early childhood education institutions attending early childhood education institutions, with data collection techniques through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed using statistical procedures to determine the relationship between the variables studied. The results showed a significant influence between effective communication and children's emotional intelligence. Children who receive good communication tend to have higher empathy skills, are able to control their emotions, and establish positive social relationships. In addition, effective communication helps children express their feelings appropriately and develop self-confidence. Thus, effective communication is an important factor in the development of emotional intelligence in early childhood. This research is expected to serve as a reference for educators and parents in improving the quality of interactions with children and supporting optimal child development.

This article examines marriage law within Indonesian customary law communities and its interaction with national legal regulations. In customary societies, marriage is not merely a personal bond between a man and a woman, but a social institution involving extended families and the wider community. The study aims to describe the various forms of customary marriage, the requirements for its validity, and the procedures for legalization, including the recognition of marriages among adherents of indigenous belief systems. This research employs a normative juridical approach using statutory and conceptual analysis based on relevant legal provisions and customary practices. The findings show that customary marriage systems in Indonesia are strongly influenced by kinship structures such as patrilineal, matrilineal, and parental systems, resulting in diverse forms including bridewealth marriage, semenda marriage, independent marriage, mixed marriage, and elopement. The validity of marriage in customary law is closely connected to religious or belief-based rituals and community acknowledgment. Furthermore, developments in national law, particularly Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage and Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016, have strengthened legal recognition for followers of indigenous beliefs in marriage registration. The study concludes that customary marriage law remains relevant and continues to coexist with national law, reflecting Indonesia’s legal pluralism and cultural diversity.

This study aims to explore the meaning of service excellence from the perspective of hotel employees at Kinasih Resort Depok, Indonesia. Most existing research on service excellence has focused on guest satisfaction, leaving the subjective experiences of employees as service providers underexplored. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation from five purposively selected informants across the F&B Service, Housekeeping, Front Office, Human Resources, and management departments. Data analysis followed Moustakas's phenomenological procedure encompassing epoché, horizonalization, theme clustering, and essence description. Findings reveal that employees construct layered meanings of service excellence according to their hierarchical positions: frontline workers emphasize friendliness and responsiveness, supervisors emphasize speed and problem resolution, while management frames it as a holistic service ethos encompassing internal relationships. Emotional labor emerged as an inevitable dimension managed through collaboration, prioritization, and de-escalation strategies. Organizational factors including training systems, communicative leadership, guest feedback-based evaluation, and managerial attention to employee well-being demonstrably shape how employees internalize service excellence values. This study contributes to employee-centered literature on service excellence and offers practical implications for human resource development in resort contexts.

The increase in national divorce rates based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2024, which reached 394,608 cases and rose to 438,168 cases in 2025, indicates that family conflicts remain a legal and social issue affecting family resilience, child protection, and social stability in society. In the Indonesian legal system, divorce is fundamentally placed as a last resort (ultimum remedium) after reconciliation thru mediation, as regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 on Mediation Procedures in Court, and provisions in Law Number 18 of 2003 on Advocates. However, studies on the optimization of the preventive role of advocates in divorce mediation are still relatively limited, even tho advocates hold a strategic position as independent law enforcers within the judicial system. This research aims to analyze the legal position of lawyers in divorce mediation and to formulate the optimization of the lawyer's role in preventing avoidable divorces. The research uses a normative juridical method with legislative, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches thru the analysis of various related regulations, legal doctrines, and scientific literature. The research results show that lawyers not only function as legal representatives in litigation processes but also have a preventive role as legal advisors, negotiators, and facilitators of peaceful family dispute resolution. The optimization of these roles can be achieved thru the provision of objective legal advice, early identification of the root causes of family conflicts, facilitation of communication between parties, and collaboration with mediators and family counselors in the mediation process.

Background: Sambirejo is prone to landslides due to steep slopes and heavy rainfall, but community preparedness remains low due to limited awareness campaigns, the absence of emergency response teams, minimal reforestation, and a lack of knowledge about local disaster evacuation procedures. Objective: To determine the preparedness of residents in facing landslides in Dukuh Secang. Method: The method used was a direct survey with a sample size of 57 respondents and used Non- probability Sampling with the Purposive method. Results: The study shows that based on the characteristics of the respondents, the majority are young adults aged 26-35 years (26.3%), the majority are female with 33 respondents (57.9%), and the majority have a high school education (43.9%). The overall results indicate that the preparedness of residents in Dukuh Secang Jetis Sambirejo Sragen is in the “Very Prepared” category. The preparedness indicators showed a high level of knowledge (64.9%), policies and guidelines (94.7%), emergency plans (94.7%), warning systems (94.7%), and resource mobilization (91.2%). Conclusion: The preparedness of residents in facing landslides in Dukuh Secang, Jetis Sambirejo Village, Sragen is in the very ready category with a preparedness index score of 78.9%.

This study examines the absence of clear time limits in civil procedural law and its impact on the effectiveness of the principle of simple, fast, and low-cost justice in Indonesia. Normatively, this principle serves as a fundamental guideline in ensuring efficient and accessible dispute resolution. However, in practice, civil proceedings often take a prolonged and complex course, leading to increased costs and legal uncertainty. This research aims to analyze whether the principle has real normative force and how the lack of time constraints in each stage of civil litigation contributes to procedural delays. The study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that the absence of strict and binding time limits allows procedural flexibility to be misused, resulting in repeated delays, inefficiency, and case accumulation. Consequently, the principle of simple, fast, and low-cost justice tends to remain declarative rather than operational. The study concludes that the effectiveness of this principle is significantly weakened by the lack of time regulation and suggests the need for reform through time-bound case management, stricter procedural control, and the integration of digital judicial systems to enhance efficiency and legal certainty.