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Zakyah, Fauzyatuz; Musayyaroh, Hikmatul; Wisudaningsih , Endah Tri

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Jurnal Aksi Sosial 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study focuses on mentoring activities for male and female students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khalafiyah Syafi’iyyah Zainul Hasan Genggong related to children’s development during the school period. The main issue identified is the lack of optimal learning motivation and independence among students, which affects their academic achievement and character formation. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ observation skills, creativity, critical thinking, emotional regulation, social interaction, and learning motivation in an integrated manner. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interviews, and in-depth documentation as the primary data collection techniques. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ concentration, creative expression through drawing, logical thinking, emotional stability, harmonious social interaction, as well as motivation and discipline in learning. The mentoring activities provide a sustainable positive impact on students’ psychological growth and holistic development within the madrasah environment

Rani Cahya; Sah Marianta Ginting; Melisa Anggryani Sitorus; Debora Keresya Pane; Hikmah Mia Syahira

Sevaka : Hasil Kegiatan Layanan Masyarakat 2025 STIKES Columbia Asia Medan

Adolescent reproductive health is a crucial issue often overlooked in primary education, especially for young girls. The lack of accurate and age-appropriate information causes confusion among students when experiencing puberty, including menarche. This community service project aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of female students at MIS AL-KAUTSAR regarding reproductive organ health through an educational and participatory approach. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), consisting of needs identification, program planning, educational implementation, and evaluation stages. The results indicate a significant increase in students' understanding of reproductive anatomy and hygiene, as well as behavioral changes such as greater openness to discussing menstruation and the emergence of local leaders among students. The program also led to the creation of new social structures in the school, such as a youth information corner and the involvement of female teachers as mentors. This initiative proves effective as an educational intervention model that can be replicated in other primary schools.

Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati; Arum Ratnaningsih; Ferdian Ferdian; Iin Cahyani; Elsa Agustina

Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This community service activity aims to strengthen teachers' capacity to manage deep learning through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in elementary school classrooms. The rapid development of AI technology provides opportunities for teachers to design more personalized learning, conduct assessments efficiently, and make data-driven learning decisions. The program is implemented in three stages: preparation, execution, and evaluation. The preparation stage includes the development of training modules and mapping relevant AI applications to support deep learning. The execution stage consists of workshops, hands-on practice using AI applications, and collaborative development of teaching materials by teachers. Evaluation is conducted through reflective assessments, task performance evaluations, and follow-up interviews. The results of the activity show significant improvements in teachers' understanding of AI-based deep learning management, including the ability to use AI for lesson planning, formative assessment, and analyzing students' learning progress. Teachers also reported increased confidence in integrating AI into teaching activities and recognized the benefits of AI in promoting students' higher-order thinking skills. This program demonstrates that strengthening teachers' competencies in utilizing AI can enhance the quality of deep learning management in elementary schools.

Rusdiyatun Nur Annisa; Nadilla Lisa Safitri; Ivana Azaria Widy; Sardjito Eko Windarso; Ghulamin Khalim Subagiyo

Karya Nyata : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The issue of inorganic waste such as plastic and used paper in industrial environments remains an important issue that affects the cleanliness and aesthetics of work areas. PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Rewulu faces challenges in managing non-hazardous solid waste due to limited sorting systems and waste transportation frequency. This Community Service activity aims to improve workers' understanding and skills through socialization and training in making ecobricks as a solution for utilizing inorganic waste. The methods used include pre-activity stages, socialization and hands-on practice, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge after the training, proving the effectiveness of interactive methods in strengthening understanding of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept. In addition to reducing waste volume, this activity also fostered awareness and participation among workers in creating a clean and sustainable work environment. The results of this community service are important as a first step in building a culture of independent waste management in industrial environments and can be replicated in other locations with a similar approach. Keywords: Implementation of Pancasila values, bullying prevention, character education, primary school, SDN 1 Jatisela, school environment, student behaviour.

Yusman Yusman; Abdullah Muis Kasim; Danar Aswim

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study aims to describe the main factors causing children in Perumaan Village, East Alok District to drop out of school, as well as the efforts made to overcome this problem. A descriptive qualitative method was used. This research was conducted in Parumaan Village, East Alok District, from February 12 to February 28, 2025, because there are still children who drop out of school in Parumaan Village. The data sources in this study are primary and secondary data sources. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. After collection, the data was analyzed following these steps: Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Presentation, Conclusion Drawing, and Verification.The results of the study show that the main causes of children dropping out of school can be divided into two factors, namely internal and external. Internal factors include lack of parental attention, economic conditions, and low interest in learning among children. Meanwhile, external factors include an unsupportive social environment, the influence of promiscuity, and low levels of parental education. These findings show that children tend to lose their educational direction when support from their families and surrounding environment is minimal. To address this issue, several efforts have been made, such as raising awareness about the importance of education by the village government, providing economic assistance such as scholarships and KIP (Indonesian Smart Card), and involving the community through mutual cooperation and mentoring. This study recommends strengthening collaboration between families, schools, the government, and the community to create a conducive and sustainable educational environment.

Ula Aulia As Sanusi; Wasis Wijayanto

Imajinasi : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan, Seni, dan Teknologi 2025 Asosiasi Seni Desain dan Komunikasi Visual Indonesia

This study looks at how the drum band at SDN 1 Kedungwaru Kidul supports the musical arts abilities of elementary school pupils as an extracurricular activity. It is anticipated that children's IQ would increase as they learn music. The growth of other intelligences is greatly aided by this intellect. Participating in extracurricular drumband training is one way to enhance musical arts abilities. participants in elementary school. On October 4, 2025, 24 grade VI students who had been actively involved in drumband activities for about a semester engaged in music art classes and conducted supervisor interviews in order to collect data. This study employs a qualitative methodology using a case study format to analyze data gathered by observation, documentation, and interviewing techniques. In research, data triangulation is used to verify the accuracy of the data. The study's findings demonstrate that the Drumband Extracurricular Program's implementation process has been proceeding smoothly. Damaged equipment, a shortage of practice time, and pupils who are not focused and diligent in performing the exercises are the challenges encountered. Increasing practice time, purchasing new equipment or repairing broken equipment, and providing constant guidance and direction are the strategies to get beyond these challenges and ensure that drum band practice runs well. The study's recommendations include the necessity of additional research to look at the factors that make drum band extracurricular activities successful and the execution of other arts extracurricular programs at the primary school level  

Maharani Azizah; Sistriadini Alamsyah Sidik; Toni Yudha Pratama

International Journal of Education and Literature 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study investigates the implementation of reasonable accommodations for students with special needs at SMP Negeri 32 Kota Tangerang. The research focuses on how inclusive education is operationalized within a public junior high school context to ensure equal educational opportunities for all learners, regardless of their physical, intellectual, or emotional differences. The central problem addressed concerns the extent to which inclusive policies and practices are effectively translated into tangible support systems for students with special needs. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to analyze the implementation process, challenges, and outcomes of reasonable accommodations in promoting inclusive learning environments. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews with the principal, special education teachers, homeroom and subject teachers, as well as students with special needs, complemented by documentation analysis. The validity of the data was established through triangulation, encompassing processes of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings demonstrate that SMP Negeri 32 Kota Tangerang has successfully implemented reasonable accommodations supported by the BOSDA Inklusi program. This funding facilitates the provision of accessibility features—including ramps, guiding blocks, accessible toilets, and wheelchairs—alongside adaptive learning materials and teacher remuneration. Furthermore, systematic identification and assessment procedures are conducted regularly, and the curriculum is continuously adapted to meet individual learning needs. The school also organizes regular capacity-building programs for educators and staff. In addition, strong collaboration with the Tangerang City Government, the Difabel Mandiri Indonesia Foundation, and USAID Madani provides sustained technical assistance and monitoring.

Rosalini Rosalini; Efendi Efendi; Muhammad Zalnur

Jurnal Manajemen dan Pendidikan Agama Islam 2025 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This research aims to respond to the complex challenges of the digital era, where students are not only required to develop scientific thinking skills but also to strengthen ethics and character as the primary basis for filtering information and acting wisely in cyberspace. Rapid technological developments are often not directly proportional to the mastery of moral literacy, so the application of Islamic ethical values ​​is crucial to create a balance between intellectual intelligence and good morals. This research aims to examine how combining scientific thinking with Islamic ethics can strengthen students' character, while also identifying effective implementation approaches in contemporary learning environments. The method used is a literature study with descriptive qualitative analysis, involving the review of various literature sources related to scientific thinking, character education, and Islamic ethical principles. The results show that the collaboration between systematic, critical, and objective scientific thinking processes with Islamic ethical values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, and politeness can shape students' mindsets and behaviors that are more moderate, responsible, and ethical in the use of technology. This integration also improves students' ability to carefully assess digital information, make appropriate moral decisions, and avoid deviations in cyberspace. In terms of implications, this research emphasizes the need to develop a curriculum and teaching strategies that structuredly combine cognitive and affective aspects, so that schools can produce a generation that is not only academically superior, but also has a strong, adaptive character and noble morals amidst the unstoppable wave of digital technology development.

Intan Kumalasari; Agi Husnah Indragati; Ahmad Sauqi; Anisa Pratiwi; Caroline Dwi Nanda +3 more

Nusantara Mengabdi Kepada Negeri 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Health communication and community empowerment are crucial for improving health outcomes at the primary health care level. As a primary health care facility, the Empat Ulu Community Health Center in Palembang plays a strategic role in disseminating health information, strengthening community capacity, and promoting healthy lifestyles through various educational activities. The Field Learning Practice (PBL) activity, conducted by students within the community health center's work area, aimed to strengthen the implementation of health communication, particularly in promoting Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in elementary schools. The methods used included field observation, discussions, face-to-face counseling, handwashing demonstrations, and the distribution of educational media. The results showed an increase in students' understanding of PHBS, demonstrated by their ability to answer questions, practice handwashing correctly, and their enthusiasm during interactive sessions. This activity not only strengthened students' knowledge but also demonstrated that a two-way communication approach and the use of simple visual media can enhance the effectiveness of health education. Overall, this PBL activity contributed to supporting the community health promotion program and strengthened the role of students in encouraging community self-reliance in maintaining health.

Jumardhi Jumardhi; Irmawati Irmawati

Inspirasi Dunia: Jurnal Riset Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2025 Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

This research is motivated by the author's desire to improve student abilities and to  Educational quality refers to the level of excellence of an educational system or process in a school, measured by the institution’s ability to meet established standards in terms of input, process, output, and outcome. Therefore, this study aims to describe the forms of collaboration between subject teachers in suporting the improvement of learning quality at the UPT SPF SD Inpres Malengkeri Bertingkat I. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis, and were analyzed through the stages of deconstruction, interpretation, and reconstruction. The findings show that teacher collaboration occurs actively and continuously through meetings, routine discussions, item reviews, and informal activities such as the Teacher Working Group (TWG). The main supporting factors of collaboration include participatory school leadership, open communication, and an inclusive work culture, while the primary obstacles involve differences in opinions related to teaching strategies and student characteristics. The established collaboration has a positive impact on improving learning effectiveness, professional reflection, teacher creativity, and student learning outcomes through the transfer of best practices and structured feedback mechanisms. Thus, teacher collaboration plays a significant role in strengthening the culture of quality and enhancing learning quality in elementary schools.

Pophy Arwin; Nurmaines Adhyka; Yosi Mediawati

Nusantara Mengabdi Kepada Negeri 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Measles remains a significant public health problem, particularly among school-aged children. Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) is a key strategy to prevent measles outbreaks; however, its effectiveness depends greatly on community participation and cross-sectoral support. Data from Tanah Garam Primary Health Center in 2025 showed that measles-rubella ORI coverage among primary school children was still low, reaching only 44.15% of the 5,060 targeted children. This community service activity aimed to support the optimization of measles ORI implementation through an educational and community-based assistance approach. The methods included health education for parents and teachers, assistance during school-based ORI implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of immunization coverage. The results indicated improved community understanding of the importance of measles immunization, increased support from schools, and strengthened coordination between the primary health center and schools. This community service activity contributes to promotive and preventive health efforts and supports the prevention of measles outbreaks in the working area of Tanah Garam Primary Health Center.

Rara Dita Anggraini; Dian Ayunia Rabbani; Elly Nielwaty

Studi Administrasi Publik dan ilmu Komunikasi 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Maxim online motorcycle taxi services for students of MAN 4 Pekanbaru City in meeting their daily mobility needs. The location of MAN 4 Pekanbaru City on Jalan Yos Sudarso, one of the routes with a fairly high intensity of large vehicle activity, demands the availability of transportation services that can provide certainty of time, comfort, and safety for students. In this context, the existence of online motorcycle taxis is a relevant transportation alternative in today's digital era. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the aim of describing in depth the experiences, perceptions, and assessments of students' assessments of the quality of Maxim online motorcycle taxi services. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with several students of MAN 4 Pekanbaru City who actively use the service in their daily activities, especially for going to and from school. The results of the study indicate that Maxim online motorcycle taxi services are considered quite effective in supporting student mobility, especially in terms of ease of access, time efficiency, and relatively affordable costs compared to other modes of transportation. In addition, the use of digital-based applications provides ease in ordering and transparency of fares. However, the aspects of safety and comfort remain a primary concern for students. Therefore, it is recommended that students use official online motorcycle taxi (ojek) applications to minimize the risk of fraud and other undesirable incidents. Overall, the Maxim online motorcycle taxi service serves as a transportation solution that supports students' mobility needs in urban environments.

Nasichuddin Nasichuddin; Sapto Pramono; Sri Roekminiati

WISSEN : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

This research focuses on examining the innovation of licensing and accreditation services for educational institutions within the Department of Education and Culture of Sidoarjo Regency, as a strategy to ensure effective, transparent, and accountable education governance in the digital age. This research is based on bureaucratic intricacies, poor integration of information systems, and inadequate digital skills among civil servants in overseeing public education services. This research utilized a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data via in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving department personnel, school leaders, and representatives from educational institutions benefiting from the services. The results indicate that service innovation via the deployment of digital systems like the Sidoarjo Education Online System and e-Accreditation has effectively expedited licensing procedures, enhanced administrative efficiency, and bolstered transparency and public information release. Nonetheless, the primary obstacles persist in coordination between departments, opposition to changes in organizational culture, and insufficient human resource skills in managing digital systems. This research highlights that the effectiveness of public service innovation in education relies not just on adopting technology but also on improving collaborative governance and increasing bureaucratic capabilities. The research suggests creating a cooperative, data-informed, and participatory innovation framework to guarantee the sustainability and inclusivity of educational service innovation in Sidoarjo Regency.

Nuraliah Nuraliah; Elpisah Elpisah; Saripuddin Saripuddin; Erni Rismawati; Suarlin Suarlin

International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews 2025 Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Family environments play a crucial role in shaping students’ learning processes, particularly at the primary education level. This study aims to examine the effect of the family environment on learning attention and the fulfillment of learning facilities and infrastructure among Grade VI students at UPT SD Negeri 1 Centre Pattallassang. Using a quantitative associative approach with an ex post facto design, data were collected from 85 students through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate that the family environment has a positive and significant effect on learning attention (B = 0.631, p < 0.001) and on the fulfillment of learning facilities and infrastructure (B = 0.723, p < 0.001). The family environment explains 42.1% of the variance in learning attention and 48.6% of the variance in the fulfillment of learning facilities. Canonical correlation analysis further reveals a strong simultaneous relationship between the family environment and the combined outcomes of learning attention and learning facilities. These findings highlight the central role of the family as a key educational microsystem that supports both cognitive–affective engagement and material learning conditions. The study underscores the importance of strengthening school–family collaboration and family-based support strategies to enhance learning quality in primary education.  

Lulut Suhermi; Dian Ika Safitriana; Nur Khasanah

International Journal of Education and Literature 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The improvement of Islamic elementary education quality largely depends on the competence of teachers as the primary agents of learning. In the context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI), the challenges of globalization and the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum demand teachers to develop professionally, innovatively, and with strong Islamic values. This study aims to analyze the integration of transformational leadership and organizational culture in enhancing the quality of teachers’ human resources in MI. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed at three Islamic elementary schools in Central Java. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model with source and method triangulation for validation. The findings reveal that transformational leadership practiced by school principals plays a crucial role in building teachers’ motivation, commitment, and change orientation through exemplary behavior, inspiration, and empowerment. Meanwhile, an organizational culture rooted in Islamic values strengthens collaboration, professionalism, and shared responsibility among teachers. The integration of these two elements creates a synergistic effect that enhances teachers’ pedagogical, professional, and spiritual competencies. It can be concluded that transformational leadership combined with a strong organizational culture serves as an effective strategy to sustainably improve teacher quality in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah..

Angelina Malo; Adelbertus Umbu Janga; Maria Wilda Malo

Bridge : Jurnal Publikasi Sistem Informasi dan Telekomunikasi 2025 Asosiasi Profesi Telekomunikasi Dan Informatika Indonesia

This research aims to design and build a web-based New Student Admission Information System (PPDB) at Marawang State Elementary School. This system was developed as a solution to improve efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in the process of admitting new students. By utilizing web-based technology, prospective students and parents can register online, upload required documents, and monitor registration status in real-time. The school has the convenience of verifying data, managing information, and generating admission reports automatically. Data security is an important aspect of this system, so it is designed with personal information protection features to maintain the confidentiality of students. The system development method is carried out through a web-based approach that allows flexible access from a variety of devices. The results of the study show that the web-based PPDB system is able to speed up the administration process, reduce manual errors, and increase user satisfaction. The implementation of this system not only provides benefits for Marawang State Elementary School, but can also be used as a model for other schools in adopting a similar information system. Thus, the web-based PPDB system contributes to the modernization of basic education management and supports the creation of more effective and transparent educational services.

Sayidatul Maslahah; Zidan Ramzy; Yunita Dwi Pebri Arini; Sulastri Juliyah; Talitha Fawnia +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This community service activity focuses on the utilization of Talas Beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch), a tuberous plant native to Banten Province, as a healthy alternative food source free from gluten and casein. The program was implemented through the Holistic School Field Introduction (PLP) by students from Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University at State Special School 02 Serang City. The method employed was qualitative, with a direct practice approach through training in preparing various processed products based on talas beneng, such as steamed cakes, brownies, cookies, and sticks. The activity involved three intellectually disabled students from junior and senior high school levels, along with PLP students and a culinary arts teacher. The primary objectives of the program were to enhance life skills, independence, and awareness of the importance of diversifying healthy local food sources. The results indicate an improvement in participants' abilities to recognize local food ingredients, process them into nutritionally valuable products, and strengthen collaboration between universities and schools in inclusive education. This program demonstrates that the utilization of local food resources can serve as an effective strategy to support food security, social empowerment, and holistic education.

Vinsensia Kewa Lolong; Maximiliana Wua Lolong

Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study is motivated by the declining interest of children in traditional games due to the rapid development of digital technology. Traditional games, however, hold great potential as a medium for character education, particularly in fostering values of cooperation, responsibility, and social interaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the character value of cooperation that emerges through the implementation of traditional games among students and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing social interaction within the school environment. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach involving 23 students from SMPK Santo Don Bosco Lewoleba. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire comprising five indicators of cooperation: active participation, polite communication, care and support, acceptance of decisions, and responsibility and honesty. Data analysis was conducted by calculating the mean score for each indicator and converting it into qualitative categories. The findings reveal that the implementation of traditional games develops students’ cooperation values at a very good level, with an average score of 3.55. This indicates that traditional games contribute positively to students’ character formation, particularly in fostering teamwork, respect for peers, and harmonious social relationships. The study implies that traditional games can serve as an effective and enjoyable contextual learning medium to strengthen character education in primary and secondary schools.

Oktovianti Pratiwi; Cecep Kustandi; Dwi Kusumawardani; Imam Fitri Rahmadi

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

This study aims to explore the role of digital storytelling (DST) as a 21st-century learning strategy in strengthening character education. The rapid development of digital technology and the growing emphasis on student-centered learning have made DST a relevant pedagogical approach that integrates creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication with values-based education. Using a simple systematic literature review (SLR) approach, this study analyzed eight peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2020 and 2024, obtained from international academic databases Scopus. Thematic content analysis was used to synthesize findings and map the contribution of DST to 21st-century learning competencies and character development. The results identified eight key themes: increased student engagement, improved collaboration and communication, enhanced critical thinking and decision-making, creativity and multimodal expression, self-reflection and identity building, empathy and social awareness, interdisciplinary and authentic learning, and the formation of moral values. These findings support constructivist and experiential learning theories and suggest that DST not only enhances cognitive skills but also facilitates affective and ethical development. The study concludes that DST can be a transformative instructional tool in modern education. Practical implications include integrating DST into curricula across disciplines and levels, and equipping educators with training in digital pedagogy and reflective teaching design. Further research is recommended to explore DST implementation in primary and secondary schools and to evaluate its impact using mixed methods.

Mufidatul Rosidah; Muhammmad Lutfi Alghifari; Muhammad Qutbir Rabbani; Muhammad Zaki Bahtiar; Rofiq Hidayat

Kajian Administrasi Publik dan ilmu Komunikasi 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Public relations in schools plays a crucial role in building effective communication between the school and the community. Its primary functions include disseminating information, building a positive image, and establishing cooperation with external parties. This study aims to assess the implementation of the Public Relations function as a functional position in improving public communication at SDN Sempusari 01 Jember. The approach used was descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that although the Public Relations function has been implemented, its implementation is still not optimal. Communication activities such as publications and community engagement have been carried out, but are not well structured. The main obstacle lies in the lack of functional staff and understanding of the role of public relations. Therefore, improving the competence of teaching staff is necessary for a more optimal role of Public Relations in strengthening public communication in elementary schools.