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Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) are religious institutions focused on education, the dissemination of Islamic knowledge, and the propagation of Islamic propagation, as well as serving as centers for the development of religious thinkers. Furthermore, pesantren also serve as platforms for human resource development and empowerment for alumni, families, and the wider community. This research aims to collect data to uncover fundamental issues arising from phenomena, realities, and experiences, thereby providing a diverse range of knowledge regarding the life and practice of pesantren-based economic empowerment. Economic empowerment is understood as both a process and a goal. As a process, economic empowerment encompasses a series of efforts to improve the economic capabilities and strengths of vulnerable communities to improve their quality of life. As a goal, economic empowerment represents the desired condition or outcome and serves as a measure of the success of the process. To realize an empowered people's economy, three main elements are required: production potential, distribution potential, and consumption potential. These three elements constitute concrete and applicable steps for effectively implementing community economic empowerment. By considering these three potentials, empowerment can be implemented in a focused and sustainable manner. Pesantren, in their historical and cultural dynamics, play a vital role in the life of the nation. Therefore, Islamic boarding schools have the capacity, both in quality and quantity, to contribute and play a significant role in efforts to empower the community's economy.

Islamic boarding schools and madrassas play an important role in the formation of religious character and education in Indonesia. The transformation of the regulations of these two institutions is crucial to adjust educational practices to the principles of the state of law of Pancasila. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the regulation of Islamic boarding schools and madrasah diniyyah and its impact on the internalization of Pancasila values. The method used is qualitative descriptive through the study of documents, including laws and regulations and related literature. The results of the study show that there are significant changes, such as formal recognition of institutional status, curriculum standards, and accreditation mechanisms, which strengthen operational legality and the application of Pancasila values. In addition, the latest regulations also encourage the improvement of the quality of governance, transparency of institutional management, and strengthening the role of the community in the education process. The implementation of these regulations also provides space for learning innovation, integration of religious moderation, and adaptation to social development. In conclusion, the harmonization of these regulations allows for religious education that is relevant to the national context while maintaining religious identity. This research provides the basis for the development of a balanced Islamic education policy between state authorities, the needs of students, and the autonomy of educational institutions in the face of modern challenges and increasingly complex social changes.

Madrasah diniyyah and pesantren in the Indonesian context have often been viewed as non-formal or religious educational institutions, rather than as active legal subjects in national development. However, regulatory transformations and contextual challenges have prompted the need for legal recognition of these institutions in order to align them with the ideals of Pancasila. This study aims to analyze the role of madrasah diniyyah and pesantren. The methods used are normative and comparative qualitative research with a review of legislation and case studies of madrasah diniyyah/pesantren. The findings show that although regulations (e.g., the Pesantren Law) have provided legal recognition, there are still structural obstacles in the form of differences in institutional status, administrative capacity, and interpretative conflicts of values. On the other hand, several pesantren have successfully reconstructed themselves as actors of local development through community empowerment programs. In conclusion, legal recognition needs to be strengthened through the formulation of complementary regulations, institutional capacity building, and synergy between the government and pesantren communities so that these institutions can become pillars of national development based on Pancasila.

This study aims to analyze the performance of a simple cooling device based on a fan and ice to improve thermal comfort in the female dormitory rooms of Pondok Pesantren Darunnaja, Bengkulu. The research used an experimental quantitative approach involving temperature and humidity measurements as well as perception data collected through Likert-scale questionnaires. The experiment was conducted in six dormitory rooms measuring 3 × 3 meters. The results indicated that the device was capable of reducing room temperature by approximately 3–5°C and increasing relative humidity to a moderate level. About 70% of respondents reported an improvement in thermal comfort after using the device. Although the cooling effect was not optimal, the fan-and-ice-based system proved effective in creating a more comfortable indoor thermal environment. This simple cooling technology is cost-efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly, making it suitable for application in dormitory or low-cost housing environments.

The assessment of student achievement is one of the main indicators in measuring the effectiveness of the educational process in Islamic boarding schools. The assessment process that has been carried out manually tends to be subjective, so it has the potential to cause a discrepancy between the student's achievement and the results of the evaluation received. This research aims to develop a decision support system that is able to assess student achievement in an objective, measurable, and transparent manner by applying the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) method. This method is used because it has the ability to manage various assessment criteria simultaneously to produce fair and rational alternative rankings. The research approach used is quantitative descriptive by involving a number of students as research samples. The data was analyzed through the stages of determining weight, calculating preference values, and determining the values of leaving flow, entering flow, and net flow as the basis for determining the final ranking. The results of the study show that the PROMETHEE method can provide consistent and accurate ranking results, by placing students who have academic excellence, discipline, and positive personalities in the top position. These findings prove that the PROMETHEE method is effective in overcoming the subjectivity of the assessment and increasing the transparency of the evaluation process. Practically, the resulting system can help the pesantren in determining outstanding students more efficiently and based on data, as well as theoretically strengthen the application of multicriteria decision-making methods in the context of Islamic education.’

The role of Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School's policy in instilling an attitude of tasamuh (tolerance) among students amidst the challenges of the digital era is the subject of this research. In addition to offering many conveniences, the digital era has also become a tool for spreading exclusive ideologies, hoaxes, and hatred that threaten tolerance. As an Islamic educational institution, Islamic boarding schools have a responsibility to protect their students. This research collected data through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustadz, and students, as well as observation activities and analysis of policy documents (qanun). A qualitative approach, case study method, was used. The results of the study show that Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School implements three levels of policy: (1) Curricular Policy that focuses on the study of moderate yellow books (fiqh muqaranah and tasawuf) as the theological basis of tasamuh; (2) Student Policy that encourages discussion and interaction (such as bahtsul masail) with strict sanctions for bullying; and (3) Digital Adaptive Policy that establishes strict regulations on the use of gadgets and the "Ngaji Cyber-Akhlaq" program.

This thesis examines the management of waqf empowerment at Yayasan Pemberdayaan Insan Mandiri (YAPIM) in Ciledug, Tangerang. The focus is to understand how waqf empowerment is implemented and to identify both supporting and inhibiting factors. The aim is to see how waqf management contributes to community welfare and what challenges are faced in practice. The research uses a qualitative approach with structured interviews involving ten informants, including YAPIM’s management and local community leaders, supported by observation and documentation. Findings show that YAPIM has developed a cash waqf program to acquire land for community needs. The land is utilized to build dormitories for orphans and underprivileged groups, showing the social value of waqf. At present, waqf empowerment remains in the developmental stage due to the lack of a dedicated institution managing waqf assets. Its use focuses on education and the economy, though obstacles include limited organizational capacity and public hesitation. To ensure sustainability, the study recommends training for nazhir (waqf managers) to improve professionalism and strengthen waqf management.    

This study aims to analyze in depth the cultural construction of independence in Islamic boarding schools through the perspective of educational sociology. The main focus of this study is to explore how social structures, power relations between kyai and santri, and hidden curriculum mechanisms contribute significantly to the formation of santri's independent character. This research is motivated by the discrepancy between national educational goals and the reality of the crisis of independence often found in formal educational institutions. Using descriptive qualitative methods through a literature study and critical synthesis approach, this study examines the phenomenon of independence as a sociological product. The results of the study show that the independence of santri is not merely obedience to formal rules, but rather the result of the formation of internalized habitus through strict daily discipline and the accumulation of cultural capital transmitted by the figure of the kyai. These findings confirm that the charismatic relationship between kyai and santri serves as the main channel for transmitting the values of initiative and responsibility. Furthermore, the hidden curriculum manifested in the daily exemplary behavior of the kyai has proven to be more effective in shaping the autonomy of santri than conventional classroom instruction. The implications of this study confirm that the educational ecosystem model in Islamic boarding schools can serve as a strategic reference for modern educational institutions in overcoming the challenges of character degradation and independence among students in the contemporary era.

The Merdeka Curriculum is a curriculum designed to provide flexibility to educational units in developing student-centered learning, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. This research aims to describe the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and analyze its impact on PAI learning at Manu Putra Buntet Pesantren Islamic School. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews with the school's Vice Principal for Curriculum. The results show that the Merdeka Curriculum has been implemented in grades X and XI, while grade XII still uses the 2013 Curriculum due to an unfinished transition process. In its implementation, this curriculum strives to encourage student activity and integrate Islamic values according to the characteristics of the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) environment. However, students' adaptation to the active learning model is not yet optimal, so learning still tends to be teacher-centered. In addition, limitations in facilities and infrastructure such as projectors and technological devices also hinder the full implementation of innovative methods. Overall, the Merdeka Curriculum has a positive impact on strengthening religious character and contextualizing PAI learning but requires improved facilities and further mentoring for teachers and students so that the curriculum's goals can be optimally achieved.

This community service program aims to improve the basic accounting literacy of the students (santri) at Pondok Pesantren Nurmadani NW Montong Lisung as a strategic effort to strengthen their financial independence. The program was initiated in response to the limited understanding of systematic financial management among santri, despite their involvement in various economic activities within the pesantren, such as the cooperative, canteen, and student organizations. The activities were carried out through four main stages: needs assessment, socialization of basic accounting concepts, financial record-keeping training, and evaluation accompanied by follow-up assistance. Interactive learning methods and experiential learning approaches were applied to ensure that participants not only understood theoretical concepts but were also able to practice them directly. The results showed a significant increase in the santris’ knowledge of the basic accounting equation, general journal, ledger posting, and preparation of simple financial statements. In addition to improved knowledge, there was also a positive shift in attitudes toward the importance of transparency, accountability, and sound financial governance. Several pesantren units began implementing the financial recording formats introduced during the training. Overall, this program successfully enhanced the technical skills and financial awareness of the santri and contributed to strengthening the pesantren’s financial management practices in a more professional and sustainable manner.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the sorogan and bandongan methods in Islamic boarding school (pesantren) learning through the perspective of educational psychology. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach based on library research, this study explores the relevance of these traditional teaching methods to behaviorist, cognitivist, and constructivist learning theories. The findings reveal that the sorogan method, which emphasizes personal interaction between students (santri) and teachers (kiai), plays a crucial role in improving reading accuracy, learning discipline, independence, and metacognitive abilities. Meanwhile, the bandongan method, which is conducted collectively, proves effective in strengthening conceptual understanding, fostering social learning, and internalizing moral and spiritual values within a communal context. The integration of these two methods represents a synergy between the intellectual tradition of pesantren and the principles of modern educational psychology that emphasize affective, cognitive, and psychomotor aspects. The results indicate that the combined application of sorogan and bandongan can support the development of an adaptive pesantren curriculum aligned with the demands of 21st-century education while maintaining the Islamic scholarly tradition that serves as the foundation for character formation and personal development.

This study examines Enha Water, a bottled mineral water business developed as an economic empowerment strategy based on Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The background of this research stems from the importance of the economic independence of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) as Islamic educational institutions that play a role not only in religious development but also in strengthening the community's economy. The research method used was a qualitative case study approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation with the boarding school administrators, students, and related parties involved in the Enha Water business management. The results indicate that Enha Water's existence has significantly contributed to increasing the boarding school's income, creating jobs for students and the surrounding community, and fostering an entrepreneurial spirit based on Islamic values. Furthermore, this business also serves as a practical learning tool for students in economics and business management. Challenges faced include limited capital, marketing distribution, and competition with similar products. This study concludes that Enha Water has the potential to become a model for sustainable Islamic boarding school economic empowerment if supported by professional management, product innovation, and synergy with various stakeholders.

This study examines the construction of reality and violations of broadcasting ethics in the Xpose Uncensored Trans7 program in 2025 which displays a negative image of pesantren and kiai. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with the framing analysis of Pan and Kosicki's model, this study reveals the existence of tendentious narrative and visual manipulation, thus giving the impression of harassment of religious symbols. The broadcasts are considered to violate the principles of balance and social responsibility as stipulated in the Broadcasting Code of Conduct and Broadcast Program Standards (P3SPS). The public reaction that emerged through the hashtag #BoikotTRANS7 reflects the increasing public awareness of the importance of ethics in broadcasting practices. This phenomenon shows that the media not only functions as a conveyor of information, but also has a moral responsibility in shaping public opinion in a fair and balanced manner. This study emphasizes the urgency of increasing media literacy and ethical sensitivity in the production of broadcast content, especially those related to the representation of religious groups. Thus, the results of this study are expected to be a reference for broadcasting institutions, media regulators, and the public in encouraging more ethical and responsible broadcasting practices in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the practice of price determination in the buffet system without price labels at Café Santiniketan, Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, Campus 4 Banyuwangi, from the perspective of mashlahah mursalah and Islamic economic principles. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documentation. The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Café Santiniketan has implemented the principles of fairness, honesty, and transparency in its transaction system. Payments are made before consumption to avoid elements of uncertainty (gharar), while pricing is based on the types of food selected and mutual consent (al-ridha). The buffet system provides flexibility for consumers to choose menu portions according to their needs. This practice aligns with the concept of mashlahah mursalah because it provides benefits for public interest and supports the economic independence of the pesantren community. However, challenges arise regarding the inconsistency between price and portion size, which has led to criticism from some customers. This condition highlights the need to improve price clarity to ensure compliance with the principle of fairness in Islamic economics. Overall, the implementation of the buying and selling system at Café Santiniketan has demonstrated good sharia-based economic practices, yet requires ongoing evaluation and development to ensure trust and customer satisfaction.

N the rapidly evolving digital era, decision-making has become a critical aspect across various fields, including education, where choices such as selecting an Islamic boarding school (pondok pesantren) are often influenced by complex and subjective factors. This study addresses the dilemma faced by Diyah, a junior high school student, in determining the best reasons for choosing Pondok Pesantren Darularafah Raya, highlighting the limitations of manual, personal-based processes that fail to systematically consider measurable criteria like educational quality, learning environment, facilities, discipline, and instilled religious values. The advancement of information technology provides a solution through Decision Support Systems (DSS), utilizing the ORESTE (Organization, Rangement Et Synthèse De Données Relationnelles) method, which effectively processes ordinal data to produce objective rankings based on subjective yet structured preferences. Unlike other methods such as SAW or AHP that rely on numerical data, ORESTE emphasizes relative preference weights, making it suitable for individual decision-making contexts like educational choices. The novelty of this research lies in applying ORESTE in a DSS focused on analyzing an individual's best reasons for selecting a pesantren, aiming to reduce subjective bias and enhance rationality. The primary objective is to develop a DSS using the ORESTE method to analyze and determine Diyah's optimal reasons for choosing the pesantren. Through this, the system is expected to accelerate evaluation processes, improve objectivity, and identify dominant factors influencing educational decisions. Findings from the implementation demonstrate accurate rankings that prioritize key criteria, leading to more efficient and data-driven outcomes. Implications include aiding students, schools, and educators in understanding influential factors, fostering objective assessment systems, and serving as a reference for future studies integrating MCDM methods with computer-based systems in personalized educational decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the pedagogical strategies in teaching Nailur Roja Syarah Safinatun Najah, particularly the chapter on marriage, at Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Muhibbin Al-Mustainiyyah Surakarta. The teaching of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) in pesantren not only emphasizes textual understanding but also requires adaptive strategies to ensure that marriage laws are comprehended both theoretically and practically. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews with students and teachers, as well as library research on classical Islamic texts, pesantren pedagogy, and Islamic marriage law. The findings show that pedagogical strategies combine traditional methods such as bandongan and sorogan with contextual approaches including interactive discussions, group deliberations, and case-based learning. The main challenges for students are difficulties in understanding classical Arabic and relating the material to the contemporary Indonesian legal context. To overcome these issues, teachers provide simplified explanations, use real-life analogies, and encourage active student participation. Therefore, the applied pedagogical strategies effectively enhance students’ comprehension of the marriage chapter both normatively and practically.

Public relations (PR) plays a vital role in building and maintaining the trust of students’ parents toward Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). This trust serves as an essential foundation for the continuity of education and for fostering a harmonious relationship between the Ma’had and the parents. This study aims to analyze the communication strategies implemented by the Public Relations division of Ma’had Tahfidz Al-Qur’an (Putri) at Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep in strengthening parents’ trust, to understand their responses to these strategies, and to explore stakeholders’ expectations regarding the management of public relations within the institution. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the PR strategies were carried out through systematic stages of planning, implementation, evaluation, and continuous improvement. Generally, parents expressed satisfaction with the transparency of information, the speed of communication services, and their increased participation in educational activities. However, several aspects still need improvement, particularly in maintaining consistency in financial information delivery and modernizing communication systems through technology. Overall, the PR strategies at Ma’had Tahfidz Al-Qur’an (Putri) have been effective in strengthening parents’ trust and enhancing the institution’s positive image. To further improve the role of PR in the future, it is necessary to enhance staff professionalism, innovate in communication technology, and strengthen collaboration with various stakeholders.

The development of generative artificial intelligence has opened opportunities for strengthening Islamic legal learning through a digital forum that remains connected to authoritative textual references. This study aims to design and build a web-based bahtsul masail discussion system using a multi-agent AI architecture and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) method. The proposed system simulates the deliberative roles commonly found in pesantren-based Islamic legal discussion, namely Moderator, Mubahits, Mu'aridh, and Mushahih. The research applies a Research and Development approach with the Waterfall model, covering requirement analysis, interface design, multi-agent workflow design, implementation, functional testing, and evaluation. RAG is implemented by allowing users to upload PDF documents of kitab kuning and assign the documents to particular agent roles. The uploaded texts are then used as contextual grounding so that each agent can formulate arguments, rebuttals, and final decisions based on traceable references rather than unsupported model memory. The application is implemented using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the front end, while the AI reasoning process is orchestrated through an API-based large language model. Functional testing shows that the system can complete five sequential stages of bahtsul masail, display role-based responses, manage uploaded references, and present discussion history. The main contribution of this study is a system design that combines pesantren deliberation procedures with AI-based retrieval support to provide an interactive learning medium for Islamic law, while emphasizing that the final authority of legal validation remains with qualified scholars

The study of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) plays a crucial role in strengthening students’ religious understanding as well as enhancing their mastery of the Arabic language. One of the foundational texts taught is Mubadi’ Fiqih, which contains basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence and serves as an introductory bridge for students to comprehend Arabic religious texts. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Mubadi’ Fiqih learning as an effort to strengthen students’ understanding of fiqh and enrich their Arabic vocabulary (mufrodat) at Ma’had Walisongo 1 Maron, Probolinggo. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with the headmaster, teachers, and students, as well as documentation of the learning process. The findings reveal that the learning process applies bandongan and sorogan methods, supported by vocabulary translation exercises and contextual explanations of fiqh terminology. These strategies effectively enhance students’ comprehension of basic Islamic legal concepts while simultaneously expanding their Arabic vocabulary in religious contexts. Moreover, the teachers’ consistency in explaining Arabic sentence structures and assigning vocabulary memorization tasks significantly supports the learning outcomes. However, challenges such as students’ varying initial language proficiency and limited class time remain obstacles to achieving optimal results. Overall, the Mubadi’ Fiqih learning approach proves to be an effective integrative medium for strengthening both fiqh knowledge and Arabic linguistic competence among pesantren students.  

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) as traditional Islamic educational institutions not only serve as places for shaping students’ character, morals, and spirituality but also hold great potential in developing community economic independence through the management of pesantren business units. These business units are a concrete manifestation of the values of independence, hard work, and responsibility taught in the pesantren’s educational process. The purpose of this study is to examine in depth the role of pesantren business units in supporting the economic self-reliance of the pesantren itself as well as their contribution to empowering the surrounding community. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach on several pesantren that have successfully developed various business units such as cooperatives, agriculture, livestock, garment production, and student shops. The results show that pesantren business units function not only as a means of entrepreneurship education for students but also as a primary source of funding to support the operational activities of the pesantren. In addition, they act as the driving force of the local economy by creating employment opportunities, increasing income, and promoting community-based economic empowerment. The success of pesantren business units is influenced by professional management, strong leadership support, and the ability to innovate and adapt to changing times.