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This study explores the influence of locus of control on junior high school students’ creative mathematical thinking and its implications for instructional strategies. Using a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational method, 16 eighth-grade students from various Jakarta schools participated. The research instruments consisted of a questionnaire and a creative thinking test. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed, prompting the use of the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. The findings revealed a significant relationship between locus of control and students’ creative thinking abilities (p = 0.013 < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of strengthening internal control beliefs to foster creativity in mathematical problem-solving.

Infertility is a global health problem that has significant social and psychological impacts. Factors such as environmental and occupational factors, physical activity, and poor nutrition can increase the risk of infertility. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is one of the main interventions used to treat infertility, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) being the most common method. In IVF, there are two methods of embryo transfer: frozen embryo transfer (FET) and fresh embryo transfer (ET). This study aims to compare the live birth rate between frozen and fresh embryo transfer in IVF programs and assess the risk of preeclampsia associated with both embryo transfer methods. A literature review was conducted by searching 20 scientific articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using inclusion criteria and the PICO strategy and PRISMA flow chart. Inclusion criteria included publications from the last 10 years, English language, and human studies. The results showed that both methods produced comparable live birth rates (LBR) with FET slightly superior to ET, depending on the patient's condition and characteristics. On the other hand, there was a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia in FET, especially in patients using the artificial cycle protocol (AC-FET). The conclusion of this review is that FET and ET methods are effective in achieving pregnancy and there is an increased risk of preeclampsia in FET especially AC-FET which needs further consideration.

Individual candidates are one of the nomination paths other than political parties that use public support as a prerequisite for being appointed as regional head candidates. Individual candidates are often referred to as democratic paths or grassroots paths because candidates who are successfully appointed truly come from public support that has been verified with certainty through factual verification. Individual candidates are also often seen as a solution to the high political dowries and the phenomena of corruption, collusion and nepotism that arise from the failure of political parties to carry out their function as the people's dignity. However, their existence has always been discredited by political parties, especially since the change in the nomination threshold by political parties which was decided in the Constitutional Court decision 60/PUU-XXII/2024. This literature study examines the potential presence of individual candidates in reducing political dowries and corruption which is also useful for upholding democracy with people's sovereignty. Therefore, it is necessary to consider reducing the threshold for support for individual candidates to balance the political battle of regional elections. By highlighting individual candidates as tough political opponents, it will trigger changes in the structure and working mechanisms of political parties in order to gain the sympathy of the people that has been lost over the past few decades

Pancasila, as the national ideology of Indonesia, plays a crucial role in shaping the character and behavior of society. However, in recent decades, the implementation of Pancasila's values has faced significant challenges due to social inequalities and the impacts of globalization. Social and cultural changes brought about by globalization, such as individualism and hedonism, threaten the core principles of Pancasila, such as mutual cooperation, tolerance, and social justice. As the next generation, students are expected to become agents of change by implementing the values of Pancasila in society. However, despite the principles of Pancasila being outlined in various policies, many practices still contradict these values. Therefore, there is a need for greater efforts to instill a deeper and more practical understanding of Pancasila in order to create a harmonious, just society in accordance with the guidelines of Pancasila. Keywords: Students, Agents of Change, Implementation of Pancasila, Social Life

Cases of child sexual abuse in Indonesia continue to show an alarming trend and have serious physical, psychological and social impacts on victims. This research aims to analyze the legal and social implications of these criminal acts and formulate responsive and adaptive legal protection strategies. The research method uses a normative-juridical approach through a literature study, supported by secondary data from scientific journals, laws and regulations, and official reports. The results of the study show that although child protection regulations have been regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 and Law Number 12 of 2022, their implementation still faces obstacles, such as weak law enforcement, lack of assistance services, and low public legal awareness. Protection strategies based on the victim's perspective, community legal education, and utilization of digital technology are proposed as solutions. This research recommends inter-agency synergy and the strengthening of a legal system that is adaptive to social and digital developments

This study discusses the implementation of the effectiveness of legal oversight of regional personnel management in the era of regional autonomy. Regional autonomy grants broad authority to regional governments to regulate and manage public interests, including in the management of state civil servants (ASN). However, this authority often gives rise to problems, such as nepotism, politically motivated job transfers, and weak accountability in personnel management. Legal oversight is an important instrument to ensure that all personnel policies and practices are implemented in accordance with the principles of legality, professionalism, and accountability. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach, as well as qualitative analysis of regulations and personnel oversight practices. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of legal oversight is greatly influenced by the consistency of regulatory implementation, the strength of supervisory institutions such as the State Civil Service Commission (KASN) and the State Civil Service Agency (BKN), and the legal culture of regional apparatus. Strict enforcement of sanctions against violations also plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the merit system. The conclusion of this study confirms that effective legal oversight can prevent abuse of authority, strengthen the professionalism of civil servants (ASN), and support the achievement of regional autonomy goals, namely improving the quality of public services and public welfare. Therefore, strengthening regulations, supervisory institutions, and internalizing the values ​​of good governance are necessary to realize transparent, accountable, and integrity-based regional personnel management.

This study is motivated by the importance of prayer and fasting practices in the Christian tradition, which are increasingly marginalized in the midst of modern secularism and individualism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of prayer and fasting based on the principles in the Book of Esther and to examine its implications for the formation of contemporary Christian spirituality. This research employs a literature review method by examining biblical texts and contemporary theological literature to identify the characteristics of prayer and fasting that are pleasing to God. The results of the study indicate that the practice of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther is not merely ritualistic, but an expression of faith, self-denial, and communal solidarity that leads to personal transformation and strengthened social sensitivity. The implication of this study is that the principles of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther can serve as a model for the spiritual formation of the modern church, fostering intimacy with God and a commitment to addressing surrounding social issues. These findings contribute to the development of practical theology and contemporary Christian spirituality studies.

Pasar tradisional memiliki peran strategis dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pokok masyarakat, namun sering menghadapi permasalahan lingkungan, terutama dalam hal pengelolaan sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana pengelolaan sampah pasar jangli Kota   Semarang telah berjalan, dengan mengutamakan fokus pada partisipasi masyarakat dan pedagang,  ketersediaan  fasilitas,  serta dampak  lingkungan   yang  ditimbulkan.  Pendekatan  yang digunakan berupa  deskriptif  kualitatif,  dengan  data  dikumpulkan  melalui  observasi  serta   wawancara. Hasil   penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat partisipasi pedagang dalam menjaga kebersihan pasar masih rendah, sebagian besar hanya mengandalkan petugas kebersihan. Selain itu, fasilitas pengelolaan sampah masih terbatas, seperti jumlah tempat sampah yang tidak memadai, ketiadaan sistem pemilahan, dan jadwal pengangkutan yang tidak konsisten. Kondisi ini berdampak pada menurunnya kualitas lingkungan pasar, aroma yang menyengat, kehadiran lalat, dan potensi penyebaran penyakit. Implikasi dari kajian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan edukasi dan kesadaran masyarakat, penyediaan fasilitas yang lebih baik, serta penguatan peran pemerintah dalam pengawasan dan penegakan aturan, melalui pendekatan pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat (community-based waste management).

This research examines the impact and influence of Squid Game 2 on American public perceptions of South Korea, as well as how the series has become an instrument of soft power in bilateral relations between the two countries. This research is based on the increasing influence of South Korean popular culture in the global arena, especially in the entertainment industry that plays a diplomatic role and can shape public perception. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected using content analysis techniques obtained from various secondary data such as mass media articles, entertainment industry reports, previous research, and audience reviews on social media. The results showed that Squid Game 2 succeeded in increasing the interest and enthusiasm of the American public for South Korean culture, as well as strengthening South Korea's image and position as a global cultural force. The Squid Game 2 series became popular among the American public because of the storyline containing cultural elements, the characters played by well-known actors in South Korea, the long-awaited continuation of the story from the previous season, and the innovative marketing strategy that made fans actively promote the series voluntarily. Thus, in this phenomenon, the Squid Game 2 series became a tool of South Korean diplomacy in the United States through an approach based on the appeal of popular culture, namely the entertainment industry.

Monopoly is a form of market structure characterized by sole control over certain goods or services. In conventional economics, monopoly is often considered as part of market dynamics that can be tolerated under certain conditions, such as natural monopoly. However, from an Islamic microeconomic perspective, monopoly is viewed more critically because it has the potential to cause injustice in the distribution of wealth and market access. This article aims to analyze the concept of monopoly in Islamic economics and examine its implications for market justice. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature studies, with sources from classical Islamic literature, the Qur'an, hadith, and contemporary economic theory. The results of the analysis show that Islam forbids monopolistic practices that are detrimental to society, especially in the form of ihtikar or hoarding, and encourages healthy competition and market supervision (hisbah). Thus, the principle of market justice in Islam is not only normative, but has a strong ethical and practical basis to prevent economic domination by a handful of parties.

Persimpangan jalan merupakan titik pertemuan pada jaringan transportasi di mana dua atau lebih ruas jalan bertemu, yang dapat menimbulkan konflik arus kendaraan. Kondisi lalu lintas sangat mempengaruhi kinerja jalan, terutama pada persimpangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja Simpang Tiga Yogya Mall Kota Tegal melalui evaluasi lalu lintas dan simulasi, dengan memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan mengurangi kemacetan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi survei lapangan untuk mengumpulkan data volume arus kendaraan dan geometrik jalan, serta perhitungan kapasitas jalan menggunakan metode PKJI 2023. Simulasi dilakukan dengan aplikasi Vissim, dengan kalibrasi dan validasi parameter perilaku pengemudi untuk mendekati kondisi aktual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja simpang pada kondisi eksisting sesuai dengan standar PKJI 2023 memiliki tingkat pelayanan D dengan derajat kejenuhan (DJ) rata-rata 0,81 dan tundaan rata-rata 38,66 detik per kendaraan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan peningkatan ke tingkat pelayanan C dengan tundaan yang lebih rendah (28,84 detik). Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah rekomendasi untuk mengoptimalkan arus lalu lintas di simpang tersebut melalui penerapan pengaturan sinyal yang lebih efisien dan penyesuaian geometrik simpang, sehingga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan mengurangi kemacetan di Simpang Tiga Yogya Mall Kota Tegal

Hybrid Warfare strategy is a modern strategy that combines military elements and all non-military elements used by Russia against Ukraine that continues to occur. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has implications not only regionally but also globally. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach showing global implications in the field of geopolitical security, especially cyber threats for several countries. The war that occurred also had implications for food supplies and weakened global trade so that Russia received economic sanctions. The humanitarian crisis began to occur as a result of the lack of food supplies and the war that continued to claim victims including human rights violations.

Penelitian ini membahas sengketa peralihan hak atas harta bersama tanpa persetujuan salah satu pihak dalam kasus perceraian, sebagaimana terjadi pada Putusan PA No. 1990/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Pml. Adapun rumusan masalah yang diangkat adalah: 1) bagaimana pengaturan hukum mengenai peralihan hak atas harta bersama dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, 2) bagaimana pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam memutuskan sah atau tidaknya peralihan hak atas harta bersama tanpa persetujuan suami dalam kasus perceraian, dan 3) bagaimana implikasi hukum dari peralihan hak tanpa persetujuan suami dalam kasus tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi kasus, khususnya Putusan Pengadilan Agama Pemalang Nomor 1990/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Pml. Data diperoleh dari sumber sekunder dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peralihan hak atas harta bersama diatur dalam Pasal 35 dan 36 UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, yang mensyaratkan persetujuan kedua belah pihak. Jika persetujuan tidak ada, pengalihan hak dianggap tidak sah dan dapat dibatalkan. Hal ini ditegaskan dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata serta Pasal 97 Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) yang mengatur hak atas harta bersama setelah perceraian. Dalam kasus ini, pengadilan membatalkan tindakan istri yang mengalihkan hak tanpa persetujuan suami, mengembalikan status harta sebagai milik bersama, dan mewajibkan pihak ketiga yang menerima harta untuk mengembalikannya atau memberikan kompensasi.

The obligation to seek knowledge holds a central position in Islamic law, grounded in strong normative and theological principles. Islam classifies the pursuit of knowledge as fardhu ‘ain (an individual duty) for essential religious and worldly knowledge, and fardhu kifayah (a collective duty) for broader societal needs. This article explores the legal foundations of this obligation in Islamic jurisprudence and examines its relevance in the context of contemporary education. Using a normative-juridical method, this study analyzes primary Islamic sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and the views of classical and modern scholars. The findings show that Islam does not treat knowledge merely as a tool for personal development, but as a moral and spiritual responsibility. In modern educational systems, these values remain highly relevant, particularly in addressing ethical decline and the loss of purpose in learning. This article recommends the integration of Islamic legal perspectives on knowledge into educational curricula to help restore the spiritual and moral aims

Income Tax Article 21 (PPh Pasal 21) is a tax withheld on income received by resident individual taxpayers in connection with employment, services, or activities. PPh Pasal 21 plays a crucial role in Indonesia's taxation system as a pay-as-you-earn mechanism, ensuring stable and equitable state revenue. The subjects of PPh Pasal 21 include employees, pension recipients, former employees, members of the board of commissioners or supervisory board who are not permanent employees, and recipients of honoraria or other remuneration. The calculation of PPh Pasal 21 involves several components, including gross income, occupation costs, pension contributions, and Non-Taxable Income (PTKP). Effective implementation of PPh Pasal 21 requires a comprehensive understanding of relevant laws and regulations, as well as accuracy in calculation and reporting, to minimize compliance risks and tax disputes.

This article examines the prohibition of gambling from the perspective of the Hadith narrated by Bukhari No. 5787 and its relevance to the practice of online gambling in the digital era. The study employs a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods focusing on the analysis of hadith texts and Indonesian positive law, particularly Article 27 Paragraph (2) of Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). The findings reveal that online gambling has destructive impacts on individual morality, family resilience, and the economic stability of society. Bukhari’s Hadith strictly forbids all forms of gambling, including invitations to gamble, and offers charity as an alternative act of purification. Although Indonesian positive law regulates online gambling prohibition, challenges remain in its effective enforcement. This article highlights the need for a synergistic approach between religious normative values and state law enforcement to address the phenomenon of online gambling comprehensively.  

The South China Sea is a strategic water area connecting East Asia, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, and is the main route for around 30 percent of international trade shipping. This area is also rich in energy resources, such as natural gas and petroleum. However, in recent decades, the South China Sea has become the center of territorial disputes due to unilateral maritime claims by China through the Nine Dash Line principle which covers up to 90 percent and is contrary to the Law of the Sea. China even builds artificial islands equipped with military infrastructure, which increases tensions in the region. Through the approach of the realism paradigm, as well as the theory of complex regional security and maritime security as well as literature analysis, this article discusses the implications of China's artificial island construction on maritime security in Southeast Asia, especially for countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam. This article emphasizes that China's actions have implications that greatly disrupt the stability of maritime security for countries in the region located in the South China Sea waters.

Learning evaluation is an important component in the educational process that aims to determine the extent to which the success of the learning process has been achieved. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (Islamic education), evaluation not only assesses cognitive aspects, but also affective and psychomotor. This article discusses the basic concept of evaluation and its implications in evaluating Islamic education learning in schools. Through a literature review, this paper emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive understanding of evaluation to produce an effective Islamic education learning process.

The installation of sea fences in Tangerang has triggered significant environmental law violations, affecting coastal ecosystems and the lives of local communities. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of these violations and their impacts on coastal law enforcement in Indonesia. Using qualitative descriptive methods, data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. The results of the study indicate that the installation of the fences was carried out without permits and environmental impact analysis (AMDAL), and resulted in decreased fish catches and loss of community access to marine space. Weak law enforcement and minimal community participation in decision-making exacerbate these problems. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of integration policies, legal awareness, and the need for active community participation in coastal resource management. The implications of the research results underline the urgent need to improve collaboration between stakeholders and strengthen law enforcement for environmental sustainability. Suggestions for further research include investigating similar violations in other coastal areas in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze the implications of global political economy policies on women's empowerment in developing countries, especially in terms of access to economic resources, education, employment, and political participation. The research uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing various academic references and relevant public policies to provide a comprehensive understanding of gender issues in the context of globalization. The results show that despite the existence of various affirmative policies such as women's quotas in parliament and economic programs for women, their implementation still faces various structural barriers, including patriarchal culture, limited resources, and low participation of women in decision-making. Other challenges include unequal access to education and training, and social stereotypes that hinder women's advancement. Proposed strategies include integrating gender analysis in policy formulation, increasing women's participation in strategic positions, strengthening regulations that protect women's rights, and gender-sensitive international cooperation. This research confirms the importance of a collaborative and sustainable approach involving various stakeholders to realize inclusive women's empowerment and real gender equality in developing countries.