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This study aims to analyze the impact of bullying on adolescents’ mental health through a literature review. The method used is a literature review, which involves the collection and analysis of various relevant scientific articles published in the last five years.  Data were obtained from journals and related scientific works, then systematically analyzed to identify patterns of association between bullying and adolescents’ mental health. The results of the review indicate that the majority of studies reveal a negative impact of bullying on mental health, such as the emergence of anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and difficulties in social interaction. However, some studies found that this relationship was not statistically significant, suggesting the role of other factors, such as social support, family circumstances, and an individual’s ability to cope with stress. In addition to affecting victims, bullying also impacts perpetrators and bystanders, making it a complex phenomenon. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts are needed through collaboration between schools, families, and the community.

 This research addresses the growing tendency of contemporary education to prioritize cognitive achievement while marginalizing character formation and spiritual development, resulting in an imbalanced educational paradigm that affects the holistic growth of learners in various educational contexts. In response, the research critically examines the concept and principles of Christian education as articulated by Ignatius Loyola, particularly in relation to contemporary educational challenges and the need for meaningful transformation in learning processes today. The study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, drawing on relevant academic sources such as books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and theological writings to support systematic and critical analysis. The findings indicate that Ignatian educational thought emphasizes holistic human formation through the integration of intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions, grounded in the principles of Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam, Cura Personalis, and Find God in All Things, which together foster reflective, value-oriented learning. The study contributes to contemporary educational discourse by offering an alternative framework that promotes holistic development, strengthens character formation, and addresses the limitations of cognitively oriented educational models in diverse educational practices.

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of mortality among toddlers in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 4,9%. In addition to pharmacological management through LINTAS DIARE, non-pharmacological therapies such as baby massage are increasingly being implemented as supportive interventions that families can perform to accelerate recovery. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of baby massage as a complementary therapy in reducing the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in toddlers. The method used involved identifying relevant articles from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases using appropriate keywords. Based on the 6 articles obtained, baby massage significantly (p = 0,000) reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea through vagus nerve stimulation, which optimizes intestinal peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Beyond improving defecation patterns, this therapy is proven to significantly increase infant weight, accelerate motor development through central nervous system stimulation, and enhance sleep quality and comfort.

This study aims to identify and analyze the application of Pancasila values in the development of Indonesian tourism as a foundation for ethics and character. The method used is library research, reviewing various relevant written sources, including books, journals, articles, and other academic publications. The findings indicate that globalization exerts both positive and negative influences on Indonesian tourism, while simultaneously opening opportunities for the advancement of more ethical and responsible tourism practices. The integration of Pancasila values within the tourism sector such as mutual cooperation, environmental stewardship, social justice, and respect for cultural diversity can foster sustainable tourism development that balances economic growth with moral responsibility. Furthermore, these values contribute to strengthening national identity, preserving local wisdom, and enhancing community participation in tourism activities. The study also highlights that tourism grounded in Pancasila principles can improve social welfare by empowering local communities and promoting inclusive development. In conclusion, the application of Pancasila principles in tourism development is essential for maintaining a balance between economic progress and socio-cultural preservation, while reinforcing national character and resilience in the face of globalization and rapid global change.

This study aims to analyze various research results related to the application of context-based mathematics learning in improving students' mathematical literacy. Mathematical literacy is an important skill that enables students to understand, use, and apply mathematical concepts and reasoning in solving various problems related to real life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. Research data was obtained through a review of various scientific articles relevant to the research topic. The analysis process was carried out in several stages, namely identification of literature sources, selection of articles based on topic suitability, and synthesis of published research findings. The results of the study show that integrating everyday contexts into mathematics learning can improve students' conceptual understanding, mathematical reasoning abilities, and problem-solving skills. Learning that links mathematical material to real-life situations can also help students understand concepts more meaningfully and encourage active engagement in the learning process. The findings of this study provide an overview that the application of mathematics learning based on everyday life contexts can be an effective strategy in improving students' mathematical literacy. Therefore, teachers need to design learning that links mathematical concepts to real-life situations so that students' mathematical literacy skills can develop optimally.

The global ecological crisis is not only a scientific issue but also reflects the decline of human moral and spiritual awareness toward nature. This study aims to examine the acculturation approach of Islam Nusantara in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to foster students’ ecological awareness. The research employed a qualitative library research method using various relevant sources, including books, national and international journal articles, and educational policy documents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, thematic presentation, and interpretive-analytical conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Islam Nusantara, as a product of the acculturation between universal Islamic values and local Nusantara wisdom, contains various ecological traditions such as sasi, subak, and hutan larangan (forbidden forests), which can be contextually integrated into PAI learning. The developed learning model includes the use of local wisdom as learning resources, participatory project-based learning methods, and thematic Qur’anic interpretation related to environmental issues. The ecotheological approach of Islam Nusantara is considered effective in connecting religious teachings with students’ ecological realities, thereby fostering a religious-ecological character that views environmental preservation as part of worship. Although challenges remain in theological, pedagogical, and institutional aspects, this approach contributes strategically to shaping environmentally responsible Muslim generations.

The digestive system is one of the most abstract and complex topics in high school biology because it involves physiological processes that occur inside the body and cannot be observed directly. This situation calls for the use of instructional media that can help students understand concepts in a more concrete, systematic, and engaging way. This study aims to analyze the effect of interactive multimedia on student learning outcomes regarding the digestive system and to identify the most effective type of multimedia. This study employs a meta-analysis method using secondary data from 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through a literature review and systematic review, then analyzed using effect size calculations with Cohen’s and Hedges’ g formulas to determine the effectiveness level of each medium. The results indicate that the use of interactive multimedia generally has a positive effect on student learning outcomes, with most media falling into the high to very high effect size category. Interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline was the most effective medium with the highest effect size value of 2.730, followed by Augmented Reality-based E-Magazine at 2.634. These findings indicate that interactive multimedia is effective in facilitating the visualization of concepts and increasing student engagement.  

In an era of increasingly competitive business competition, companies are required to improve the quality of their human resources to achieve optimal organizational performance. One approach widely used in employee development is coaching. This study aims to examine the implementation of coaching for employees in companies and its impact on employee performance and development. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The literature search process was conducted through several scientific databases, namely Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) with a publication period of 2021–2026. Keywords used included coaching, employee coaching, employee performance, and employee development. Based on the literature selection process, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The results showed that the implementation of coaching has a positive impact on improving employee performance, work motivation, self-confidence, and individual competency development. Furthermore, coaching also plays a role in increasing employee work engagement, communication skills, and self-awareness in completing work tasks. These findings indicate that coaching is an effective strategy in human resource development and improving organizational performance if applied systematically, while also providing practical contributions for HR practitioners in designing measurable and sustainable talent development interventions.

Food waste is a global issue that has a major impact on the economy, environment, and food security. The high rate of food waste is directly influenced by food waste behavior. Also, food waste behavior does not just appear, but it is supported by other factors such as food waste knowledge and food preferences. As an effort to prevent the increase in food waste, it is important to know the relationship between these two factors and the occurrence of food waste behavior. The method used is a literature review of open access scientific articles with English language used and published in the period 2015–2025 through the Google Scholar databases. The results of the review show that most studies found a significant relationship between food waste knowledge and food preferences with food waste behavior. However, some studies also showed inconsistent results. Although many studies support the relationship between food waste knowledge and food preferences with food waste behavior, the difference in results also indicates that there are still other factors that are strongly related to food waste behavior, so more comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce the occurrence of food waste behavior.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle is one of the disorders commonly found in the neck area, characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrP) in taut bands or tight muscle bands. Kinesio taping (KT) is a non-invasive therapy used in the management of MPS of the upper trapezius to improve neck disability measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). However, stronger evidence is still needed regarding the effectiveness of KT in reducing neck disability scores in MPS upper trapezius. This study aims to review and analyze the effectiveness of KT on NDI scores in MPS upper trapezius. The research method used is a systematic review employing PRISMA-P and the PICOS framework. The sample and population of the study consist of articles obtained from databases such as Crossref, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Keywords such as "Kinesio Taping," "Myofascial Pain Syndrome," and "Myofascial Trigger Point" were used. The results of the descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that KT significantly reduced the NDI value in MPS upper trapezius. In conclusion, KT is effective in improving functional disability in the neck caused by MPS upper trapezius, and KT can be a therapeutic option either alone or in combination with other therapies.

The increasing complexity of competition in the healthcare industry requires hospitals to adopt adaptive and strategic management practices to enhance organizational competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the role of strategic management in improving hospital competitiveness through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 41 national and international scientific articles published between 2014 and 2025 were reviewed, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Sinta databases, following the PRISMA guidelines for literature selection. The synthesis of findings indicates that strategic management plays a significant role in strengthening hospital competitiveness through clear strategy formulation, consistent implementation, and continuous performance evaluation. Key factors contributing to competitive advantage include strategic leadership, adaptive organizational culture, effective human resource management, utilization of information technology, and integration between strategic planning and operational processes. The results emphasize that hospitals implementing strategic management comprehensively are better equipped to respond to environmental dynamics, improve service quality, and sustain competitive advantage in the long term. This study highlights the importance of strategic management as a foundational element in modern hospital governance and provides a conceptual basis for future empirical research in healthcare management.

The increasing complexity of competition in the healthcare industry requires hospitals to adopt adaptive and strategic management practices to enhance organizational competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the role of strategic management in improving hospital competitiveness through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 41 national and international scientific articles published between 2014 and 2025 were reviewed, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Sinta databases, following the PRISMA guidelines for literature selection. The synthesis of findings indicates that strategic management plays a significant role in strengthening hospital competitiveness through clear strategy formulation, consistent implementation, and continuous performance evaluation. Key factors contributing to competitive advantage include strategic leadership, adaptive organizational culture, effective human resource management, utilization of information technology, and integration between strategic planning and operational processes. The results emphasize that hospitals implementing strategic management comprehensively are better equipped to respond to environmental dynamics, improve service quality, and sustain competitive advantage in the long term. This study highlights the importance of strategic management as a foundational element in modern hospital governance and provides a conceptual basis for future empirical research in healthcare management.

This study examines the meaning of eschatology in the teachings of the Catholic Church as a source of hope and comfort for the faithful. The eschatological meaning of comfort and hope is rooted in the belief that human life is not completed in limitations, suffering, and death at this time, but leads to the fulfillment of God's promise of life with Him. This research uses a qualitative method through literature study by analyzing church documents, theological thoughts and execes from books and articles to compile and present the topic of this research. The results show that the principle of eschatology is rooted in belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and that it affirms the promise of eternal life and provides comfort and hope over suffering and death. The teachings of death, judgment, and eternal life are the basis of hope as well as comfort for the people in facing the various crises of life. In addition, eschatology is also relevant in today's life because it encourages people to live in love, justice, and moral responsibility as a manifestation of faith.  

This study analyzes the strategic role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing Indochinese refugees namely from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos on Galang Island during the period 1979–1996. The “boat people” crisis at that time required a multisectoral response that was not only emergency-based but also sustainable, linking Indonesia’s transit policies with applicable international protection standards. Using a literature review method of international journal articles and program technical documents, this study finds that NGOs performed crucial functions beyond mere logistical assistance, particularly through structured educational planning such as the Overseas Refugee Training Program (ORTP). Recent literature indicates that NGO consortia such as SCF and EIL, along with faith-based organizations such as JRS, YCK, and ICMC, played a significant role in fostering refugee self-reliance through cultural orientation curricula and work simulation programs (Work Orientation). Despite various structural challenges and resource limitations, the experience on Galang Island demonstrates the effectiveness of partnerships between NGOs and the government in supporting adaptive and sustainable regional humanitarian diplomacy.

This article discusses strengthening civic identity through multicultural education based on local wisdom in Gorontalo Regency. The main problem raised is how local culture, although recognized as a symbol of regional identity, has not been fully translated into an inclusive and reflective pedagogical design to shape students' civic awareness. This study uses a qualitative case study design based on document analysis, with data sources in the form of indexed journal articles, regional official publications, and educational documents published in 2021–2026. The focus of the study is directed at educational practices in Limboto and Dungaliyo. The data was selected purposively based on relevance, credibility, and thematic proximity, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show three main findings: first, huyula local wisdom as the value of mutual cooperation, solidarity, and collective responsibility functions as a cultural bridge that connects social diversity with civic disposition. Second, multicultural education is more effective when local values are explicitly integrated into classroom interactions, school habituation, collaborative work, and reflective discussions. Third, challenges arise because many local values are still implicitly practiced so that they have not yet formed a reflective citizenship consciousness. This article concludes the need for a shift from symbolic recognition to structured pedagogical design through curriculum contextualization, teacher mediation, and school-to-community partnerships.

This study aims to analyze promiscuous sexual behavior among adolescents as a manifestation of problematic behavior through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review with a descriptive-analytical design, analyzing 20 national scientific articles published between 2007 and 2024. The analysis process was conducted systematically through the stages of identifying relevant sources, classifying themes, extracting important data, and synthesizing findings to build a comprehensive conceptual framework. The study results were then grouped into four main aspects: internal factors, external factors, impacts, and prevention strategies. The study results indicate that promiscuous sexual behavior among adolescents is influenced by internal factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and moral reasoning, as well as external factors such as family environment, peers, social media, and lack of parental supervision. The resulting impacts are multidimensional, encompassing health (sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies), psychological (anxiety, guilt), and social (stigma and educational disruption). Effective prevention efforts involve comprehensive sex education, active family involvement, and collaboration between schools and the community.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in instilling the character of responsibility in students through Civic Education (PKn) learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. The research employed a qualitative approach with a library research method by reviewing various relevant sources such as academic journals, books, and articles. The results indicate that Civic Education plays a strategic role in shaping students’ responsibility character, which is reflected in behaviors such as completing tasks, fulfilling obligations, and actively participating in learning activities. The teacher's role is a key factor in this process, functioning as a role model, facilitator, and guide. In addition, learning strategies such as habituation, contextual approaches, group work, and active learning methods are proven to be effective in fostering responsibility values. However, several challenges were identified, including time constraints, low student awareness, and external environmental influences. Therefore, continuous efforts from teachers, schools, and parents are necessary to create a supportive environment for optimal character development.

This study aims to examine and review the impact of language learning through text-based methods on the cognitive abilities of elementary school students. The research approach used is a qualitative study with the main instrument being the researcher, and supporting instruments including observation, interviews, and documentation of student learning outcomes at the elementary school level. Research data was obtained from various library sources, such as books, scientific articles, national and international journals, and other relevant scientific works related to text-based learning and student cognitive development. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Indonesian language learning with text-based methods has a diverse impact on students. Differences in learning outcomes are not only influenced by the strategies and learning processes implemented by teachers, but are also closely related to students' cognitive abilities in understanding, interpreting, and processing information from Indonesian texts. Thus, text-based methods need to be adapted to the characteristics and levels of students' cognitive abilities so that learning objectives can be optimally achieved.

This study analyzes the urgency of synergy between the conceptual foundations of student management and strategic planning in the educational environment as an effort to optimize the potential of students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through literature study, with secondary data obtained from journal articles, books, and related literature. This study reveals that the success of student management does not only depend on mastery of the theory of educational service principles, but is also largely determined by the accuracy of planning steps, including needs analysis, recruitment, orientation, and student distribution systems. The results of the study show that the alignment between philosophical foundations and systematic managerial procedures is a crucial factor in creating a positive learning ecosystem and supporting the effective achievement of national educational goals. Through this integration, the policies implemented by educational institutions will be more representative in ensuring the comprehensive development of students' interests and talents.

This study aims to analyze the values ​​of Civic Education (PKn) in learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (Islamic elementary schools) through a literature study approach. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research type, utilizing various written sources such as scientific journals, reference books, and academic articles as primary data. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation studies by reviewing various relevant literature, while data analysis techniques use content analysis to identify, categorize, and interpret the values ​​contained in Civic Education learning. The results of the study indicate that Civic Education learning plays a strategic role in instilling character values ​​in students, such as responsibility, tolerance, cooperation, and love of the homeland. These values ​​are not only conveyed theoretically, but also internalized through a contextual and values-based learning process. This approach has proven effective in increasing students' understanding and awareness of the importance of civic values ​​in everyday life. However, the implementation of Civic Education learning still faces several obstacles, such as a lack of variety in learning methods and limited supporting resources. Therefore, more interactive and creative learning strategy innovations are needed to improve the quality of Civics learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.