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The purpose of this research is to create fine art learning materials for Adabiah 1 Padang High School's grade X pupils using Flipbooks. The background of this study is the lack of enthusiasm among students to learn fine arts using traditional package books, which are generally seen as dull. The steps of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation are all included in the 4-D model, which is the research approach utilized in development (Research and Development). The outcomes demonstrated how well Flipbook-based learning resources increased students' motivation to learn and helped them comprehend the ideas behind two- and three-dimensional fine arts.   The implication of this research shows that Flipbook can be an alternative learning media that is interesting and effective, as well as relevant to learning needs in the digital era. The conclusion of this study is that Flipbook has high validity and practicality as a learning media, which can be implemented in fine arts learning in schools.

Using lip balm is very easy to apply to the lips and lip balm can also moisturize and brighten the lips. Lip balm is resistant to body temperature, and is harmless and smooth when applied so that the lips are cared for and healthy. The anthocyanin contained in mulberry fruit has the potential to act as a purplish red natural dye depending on the presentation of the mulberry fruit extract used, which has the positive side of being an antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals. The aim of this research was to determine the formulation and stability of the lip balm preparation formula using mulberry fruit extract (Morus alba L.) as a natural coloring with an accelerated stability test using 4 cycles. Using this research method, material testing includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, melting point tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, spreadability tests, stability tests, and hedonic tests, as well as preparation irritation tests. Based on the results of research on making lip balm from mulberry fruit extract as a natural coloring, it can be formulated in lip balm preparations, however if 20% extract is used it can affect the physical properties of the lip balm preparation, neither the 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% formulas. irritation was found.

English Language Learner might be good in English mainly on grammar, but that doesn’t determine that they are good in transforming information from source language to target language or so called translation. Translation is necessary since it is crucial for individuals who are not fluent in English. This research used descriptive qualitative in analyzing translation techniques and readability. The data sources were the English and Indonesian versions of a review text regarding the Harry Potter film series. The text was translated into Indonesian by nine ELLs (English students at Islamic University of Majapahit). The data were gathered by note-taking procedures and then evaluated using content analysis methods. Three readers served as raters, evaluating the readability of the translated review content. According to the findings, the ELLs used 13 techniques, the most dominant of which was amplification (22.81%), followed by reduction (20.80%) and borrowing. The ELLs' translation text had a high readability score (score 3) ranging from 23.14% to 0.59%. This data reveals that ELLs provided readable translation results on average. Furthermore, the average readability value has been classified as highly readable.

Indonesia's population reached 282,477,584 in 2024, presenting significant challenges in waste management, especially in densely populated areas. In Sidoarjo, the waste volume amounts to 598 tons per day, with a recycling rate of only 7-9%. The Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik (KKN-T) program in Bluru Kidul village aims to enhance waste management through the promotion of anaerobic composters, which convert organic waste into compost. This community service initiative involves identifying issues, observing conditions, formulating solutions, and educating on the importance of household waste management, particularly organic waste, for producing useful plant fertilizer. This outreach session provided residents of Desa Bluru Kidul with new understanding and skills to utilize used gallon containers as anaerobic composters and organic waste as raw material for oxygen-free compost, thereby supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, which focuses on environmentally conscious consumption and production in villages

Indonesia's population reached 282,477,584 in 2024, presenting significant challenges in waste management, especially in densely populated areas. In Sidoarjo, the waste volume amounts to 598 tons per day, with a recycling rate of only 7-9%. The Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik (KKN-T) program in Bluru Kidul village aims to enhance waste management through the promotion of anaerobic composters, which convert organic waste into compost. This community service initiative involves identifying issues, observing conditions, formulating solutions, and educating on the importance of household waste management, particularly organic waste, for producing useful plant fertilizer. This outreach session provided residents of Desa Bluru Kidul with new understanding and skills to utilize used gallon containers as anaerobic composters and organic waste as raw material for oxygen-free compost, thereby supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, which focuses on environmentally conscious consumption and production in villages

Organic waste is the residue of naturally degradable material, usually from humans, animals, and plants. Every day there are many kinds of organic waste that can be processed through a variety of processing. One way is to use it as a medium for breeding or breeding BSF flies. (Black Soldier Fly). The team from the university teaches this activity using organic garbage that is used as the primary material for growing BSF flies. The expected results of this training are aimed at optimizing the commercial value of BSF fly flies with the use of organic waste from the market or households. The working procedures for cultivating maggot are: 1) Preparing the tools and materials, 2) Making room for the maggot, 3) Putting the garbage in the container that has been made, 4) Covering the maggo container with cloth, 5) The maggot container is placed in a moist place. By reducing waste production, we not only preserve the environment, but also open up opportunities to improve the economic well-being of individuals, families and even the school environment.

The increasing use of conventional medical supplies has led to significant environmental challenges due to waste accumulation and the chemical exposure risks faced by healthcare workers. Despite ongoing efforts to adopt environmentally friendly materials, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that combine Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) with direct monitoring of worker exposure. This study aims to compare the environmental and health impacts of biodegradable versus conventional medical supplies by assessing their life-cycle stages, energy consumption, carbon footprint, and hazardous exposure risks. A novel comparative approach was adopted, integrating LCA to evaluate raw material extraction, production, usage, and disposal processes, alongside monitoring the occupational exposure to chemical residues from medical supplies. The results indicate that biodegradable medical supplies reduce environmental footprint by approximately 40%, lower energy consumption, and generate less waste compared to conventional plastics. Additionally, the study shows that biodegradable materials pose a significantly reduced risk of chemical exposure to healthcare workers, offering a safer alternative. However, biodegradable materials present limitations, such as availability, durability, and higher initial costs, which need to be addressed for widespread implementation. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating sustainable practices in healthcare settings, offering actionable insights for hospital management and regulatory bodies. Future research is recommended to further explore the cost-effectiveness of biodegradable materials, conduct large-scale trials, and investigate alternative material types. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on environmental sustainability and occupational safety in healthcare, providing a valuable framework for future policy and operational decisions.

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the frequency and distribution of these markers emerged, reflecting the specific epistemological and methodological underpinnings of every genre. The have a look at similarly delved into the practical roles of those markers, highlighting their contribution to coherence, argumentative shape, and universal readability. The examination of interdisciplinary articles discovered a completely unique linguistic identification, emphasizing the complexity of melding conventions from more than one disciplines. The findings no longer most effective shed light on the pragmatic software of discourse markers however also underscore their significance in educational writing pedagogy.

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the frequency and distribution of these markers emerged, reflecting the specific epistemological and methodological underpinnings of every genre. The have a look at similarly delved into the practical roles of those markers, highlighting their contribution to coherence, argumentative shape, and universal readability. The examination of interdisciplinary articles discovered a completely unique linguistic identification, emphasizing the complexity of melding conventions from more than one disciplines. The findings no longer most effective shed light on the pragmatic software of discourse markers however also underscore their significance in educational writing pedagogy.

The development of the automotive world to date has grown rapidly, especially two-wheeled vehicles. Large temperature changes in lubricating oil viscosity, even if the value is too low, will reduce the lubrication of engine parts, increase friction between metals, and cause engine parts to heat up quickly. Efforts to control and overcome excessive engine heat can replace mineral-based lubricating oils with environmentally friendly and biodegradable lubricating oils. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using a mixture of cooking oil and surfactants C64H124O26 and C42H80NO8P as engine lubricants on the power and temperature produced by motorized vehicles. The independent variables of this research are RPM variation and mixture of pure cooking oil with lecithin and polysorbate surfactant (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%). The dependent variables are engine temperature and power. The control variables of this research are testing at room temperature, 4 stroke 125CC matic vehicle, and Raw Material using Palm cooking oil. The test method uses an infrared thermo gun for temperature and Dyno test for the highest power test on the type of Cooking Oil + Polyosrbate 7.5% with an average overall power of 5.872, then for the lowest temperature on the type of Cooking Oil + Polysorbate 2.5% with an average value of 86.2ºC.

This study aims to analyze the levels of work stress experienced by volunteers at the Persadabumi Buddhist organization in Medan, Indonesia. Volunteer work in religious organizations, while spiritually rewarding, can also be a source of psychological stress due to various organizational and individual factors. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, this research distributed a validated questionnaire to 36 active volunteers at Persadabumi Medan. The instrument consisted of 18 items measuring various dimensions of work stress including workload, time pressure, role conflict, work climate, and supervisory quality. Data analysis employed frequency distribution and stress level categorization. The results showed that 52.8% of respondents experienced low levels of work stress, 47.2% experienced moderate levels, and none experienced high levels of stress. Key stress-inducing factors identified included heavy and demanding workloads, time pressures in completing tasks, inadequate supervisory support, interpersonal conflicts, and unfavorable organizational climate. The study interprets these findings through a Buddhist psychological framework, explaining stress as a manifestation of dukkha arising from tanhā (craving) and avijjā (ignorance). Buddhist teachings on mindfulness practice (sati), the middle way (majjhima paṭipadā), right effort (sammā-vāyāma), and the importance of spiritual companionship (kalyāṇa-mitta) provide practical frameworks for stress management in volunteer contexts. The practical implications emphasize the importance of organizations providing emotionally and spiritually supportive environments, implementing balanced workload distribution, establishing realistic schedules, facilitating meditation and mindfulness practices, and strengthening social support networks among volunteers. This research contributes to understanding the intersection of organizational psychology and Buddhist philosophy in managing volunteer well-being.

Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY) operates several computer laboratory rooms used daily by students according to their scheduled times. Sometimes, these rooms experience sudden schedule changes, causing conflicts with other room bookings. This research aims to employ an Augmented Reality (AR)-based application for monitoring the dynamic schedule of lab room usage. The method utilizes a marker-based AR application, tested through black box implementation. The application successfully reads markers at distances of 10–90 cm, tilt angles of 10–80 degrees, and light intensities ranging from 40 to 250 lux. Under these conditions, the markers are readable, and the application responds by displaying virtual objects. Users of the lab rooms can utilize this AR application to identify changes in the scheduled usage plans at UTY as they occur.    

Kemajuan teknologi informasi, sementara membawa banyak manfaat, juga membawa tantangan baru. Salah satu contohnya adalah munculnya ideologi Islam transnasional yang dapat memunculkan radikalisme dan ekstremisme di kalangan masyarakat. pesantren juga masih menghadapi tantangan dalam mengadaptasi diri terhadap perkembangan teknologi. Masalah infrastruktur yang kurang memadai, manajemen yang lemah, dan kurangnya SDM menjadi kendala utama, termasuk di Kabupaten Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI). permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah Bagaimana pengaturan penyelenggaraan pondok pesantern di Kabupaten Penukal Adab Lematang Ilir untuk mewujudkan  kepastian hukum. Metode yuridis normatif selain studi kepustakaan juga melibatkan wawancara dan focus group discussion (FGD). Peraturan tentang fasilitasi penyelenggaraan pondok pesantren di Kabupaten Penukal abad Lematang Ilir telah memenuhi tatacara penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 yang telah dirubah dua kali. Penyusunan naskah akademik sebagai langkah awal yang harus dilakukan sebelum dilakukannya pembahasan sampai pengesahan. Dengan pengaturan fasilitasi penyelenggaraan pondok pesantren ini, maka kepastian hukum  akan dapat diwujudkan, yang berujung terciptanya penyelenggaraan pondok pesantren yang berkualitas yang mendasarkan pada Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

Textbooks are one of the central learning tools in achieving a predetermined level of competency. One of the main aspects of a good textbook is the suitability of its readability level to the level of cognitive development of students. This research aims to determine the readability level of the Class IX Indonesian Language Textbook, 2013 Curriculum Edition and the Merdeka Curriculum based on the Raygor Graphic formulation. The research method used was qualitative, with 5 text samples from each book edition. The research results showed that all text samples in both editions of the book had a readability level that did not match the cognitive level of class IX students. This is because all text samples have too many difficult sentences and words, so the text needs to be simplified. More than that, it is hoped that the results of this research can provide advice to textbook authors to pay more careful attention to readability aspects before inserting texts into textbooks. This is to ensure that the texts presented in textbooks are appropriate to the cognitive level and reading abilities of students at their grade level.

Waste management in Ciburial Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency still faces various challenges. Waste produced by households is usually processed individually, such as burning or landfilling it with soil. However, this method is still not effective because urban communities have limited space. Other waste management is on a paid basis, where the rubbish will be picked up by the rubbishman at each house and will end up in the final disposal site. The mass use of non-degradable and uncontrolled items, as well as deficiencies in waste processing and management, have negative implications for health and the environment. Efficient and environmentally friendly waste management is an urgent problem, and we are making every effort to bring this problem to light. Efficient and environmentally friendly waste management is an urgent need, and we are making every effort to bring attention to this problem. We want to spread our efforts and bring attention to the need for sustainable waste management by visiting every community in RT 1, RT 2, and RT 3. This qualitative descriptive research aims to detect, characterize, and explain PSAT in Ciburial Village. , Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency. Environmentally conscious volunteers and authorities from the Ciburial Community Group, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency and other local organizations took part in this research. Apart from living in Ciburial Village, they are also active in the integrated waste management program. The findings from this research highlight the potential of integrated waste management initiatives to educate the general public about the importance of responsible waste disposal. More and more people are realizing that sustainable waste management and sorting waste for reprocessing based on type is very important. Organic waste will later be collected and reprocessed into compost, while dry waste will end up in final disposal sites.

Adab is a behavior that is considered good and this kindness is carried out continuously which makes it a habit in daily life. In fact, the ethical behavior of students today is very concerning, this is certainly influenced by the lack of understanding of the Qur'an and the book. This study aims to: 1) know the existence of disciples in the book of Taysir al-Khalaq; 2) knowing the existence of disciples in the book of Taysir al-Khalaq and its relevance to education today. This research uses a qualitative research approach where the type of research is library research. The results of this study show that: 1) the discipleship of Taysir al-Khalaq is divided into three: towards himself, towards his teacher and towards his brother. In addition, a student must also have good behavior, namely: tawadhu', understanding the rules of association in Islam, and brotherhood in Islam. 2) the relevance of the book of Taysir al-Khalaq to Islamic education today is very sustainable, because both in terms of material and content in the book, the value in moral education and the purpose of Islamic education in Indonesia is very suitable for use by Islamic educational institutions. Especially in non-formal educational institutions, especially in the cultivation of ethics and morality among students. So that the creation of an Islamic generation that is in accordance with the purpose of Islamic education.

This research examines how adherence to analytical standards influences the structure of sentences within texts. By analyzing the relationship between analytical compliance and sentence construction, the study aims to uncover the effects of adherence to linguistic, syntactic, and contextual norms on text cohesion and readability. The findings shed light on the importance of analytical conformity in shaping sentence structures and enhancing overall text quality and comprehension.

Islamic Religious Education has a central role central role in creating religiously observant Indonesians. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur'an (TPQ) plays an important role in shaping children's character through teaching reading the Qur'an, prayer practice, memorization of short letters, and daily prayers. daily prayers. TPQ Baiturrahman in Palangka Raya is an institution that teaching Islamic manners and daily prayers to its students. This assistance is carried out by ustadz and ustadzah to shape a person who is religiously observant, responsible, and caring for others. The teaching methods used are memorization and lectures, with a test of memorization of daily prayers as an evaluation. This learning aims to to produce students who are able to memorize daily prayers, understand the adab when in a place of worship, and have a qualified understanding of religion. However, there are still students who have difficulty in memorizing daily prayers, due to factors such as their memory power. daily prayers, caused by factors such as less strong memorization power and the learning process. learning process

Food ingredients in general are very sensitive and easily experience quality degradation due to environmental, chemical, biochemical, microbiological, oxygen, water, light and temperature factors. To prevent this damage, the food product is packaged with plastic packaging material. Until now, plastic polymers are the most widely used packaging materials. In Indonesia, the use of plastic packaging materials by the food industry and other food business actors as food packaging has occupied a portion of 80% and 55%. This will of course result in danger to the environment. Packaging with edible coating/film is a relatively new food preservation technique. Research on coating food products with edible coating/film has been widely carried out and has been proven to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of food products. The safest, most potential and most widely researched polymer material for edible coating/film is a renewable organic material based on starch. Starch is a type of polysaccharide from plants that is abundantly available in nature, is biodegradable, easy to obtain and cheap. Edible packaging made from organic materials has the opportunity to be developed to meet the needs of safe packaging for consumers and support sustainable agriculture and realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), considering that there is an abundance of edible packaging materials in Indonesia that have not been utilized optimally. The application of environmentally friendly edible packaging is expected to provide very significant benefits in the development of food technology, namely aspects of maintaining quality, both in terms of nutritional value and food safety, extending product shelf life and being able to increase the added value of the materials that make up edible packaging.

This research aimed to analyze the content of the English textbook "English for International Tourism" by Peter Strutt using the approach proposed by Brian Tomlinson. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive technique through checklist observations of several indicators of book content criteria. The analysis focused on the relevance, coherence, learner engagement, suitability, readability, and creativity of the materials presented in both textbooks. The findings revealed that "English for International Tourism" successfully presented updated, varied, engaging, and challenging content that not only fostered learner engagement in the tourism industry but also aided in developing learners' confidence and relevant language skills. Moreover, this book met various criteria for effective language learning materials, including facilitating learner comfort, building confidence, providing relevant and useful content, and offering opportunities for communicative language use. The book also considered various learning styles, affective attitudes, and provided feedback for delayed positive instructional effects.