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Strengthening the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a crucial step in enhancing competitiveness and sustainability in Indonesia, especially in rural areas such as Doyo Baru Village. Many MSME actors in this village face difficulties in understanding and fulfilling the legal aspects and permits required to operate their businesses legally and effectively. This research aims to provide comprehensive legal assistance to MSME actors, focusing on understanding regulations, licensing processes, and consumer rights. The methodology used in this research is a participatory approach that includes training, group discussions, and individual consultations. The results of this activity show a significant increase in the understanding of legal and licensing aspects among MSME actors, with 80% of participants reporting improved knowledge and confidence in facing legal challenges. Additionally, participants have started to apply the knowledge gained in their daily practices, such as business registration and consumer protection. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of ongoing support for MSMEs to adapt to regulatory changes and improve their competitiveness in the market. It is hoped that this legal assistance program can serve as a model for other regions in efforts to empower MSMEs.

This research aimed to analyze the financial management of a non-profit entity at the Parish of Hati Tak Bernoda Santa Perawan Maria Tilang and its compliance with ISAK 35. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicated that the parish’s financial recording was carried out both manually and using the MYOB application; however, the reports produced were still basic and oriented toward profit-oriented business entities. The financial statements presented only include the statement of financial position and the income statement, while the cash flow statement, statement of changes in net assets, and notes to the financial statements have not been fully implemented. The main challenges faced were a limited understanding of non-profit accounting and adapting MYOB to comply with ISAK 35 standards.  

Digital transformation has become a crucial requirement for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to enhance their competitiveness in the technological era. This study aims to examine the trends and challenges faced by MSMEs in the digitalization process through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. A total of 35 scholarly articles published within the last five years were analyzed using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the digitalization trends among MSMEs encompass the adoption of cloud-based technologies, the use of social media for marketing, the utilization of e-commerce platforms, and the integration of digital financial systems. However, the main challenges identified include low digital literacy, limited infrastructure, relatively high implementation costs, resistance to change, and insufficient policy support. This study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of MSME digital transformation but also identifies research gaps that have been rarely discussed. Furthermore, it offers strategic directions for researchers, MSME practitioners, and policymakers to develop more targeted strategies in accelerating and expanding digital transformation within Indonesia’s MSME sector.

This study focuses on the analysis of students' learning experiences through artificial volcanic eruption experiments in understanding the material of changes in the state of matter at MI Miftahul Ulum. The problem underlying this study is the difficulty students have in learning the abstract concept of changes in state, so a learning strategy based on real experiences is needed. The artificial volcanic eruption experiment was chosen because it is able to show the process of changes in the state of matter through simple chemical reactions in an interesting and easy-to-understand way. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The subjects of the study were fifth-grade students of MI Miftahul Ulum. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the artificial volcanic eruption experiment created a meaningful learning experience for students. Students appeared more enthusiastic, active, and easily grasped the concept of changes in the state of matter because they experienced the change process directly. In addition, this experiment also fostered students' curiosity, cooperation, and scientific attitudes in learning activities. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the artificial volcanic eruption experiment is an effective learning medium to strengthen the learning experience while improving students' understanding of the material of changes in the state of matter.

Transformational leadership is an important paradigm in strengthening modern governance that is oriented towards innovation, accountability, and public service. This research aims to examine the concepts, roles, and challenges of transformational leadership in the context of the Indonesian public sector through a literature study approach. The study was conducted on 15 open academic sources relevant to digital bureaucratic issues, apparatus work motivation, and organizational reform. The results of the study show that transformational leadership is able to increase performance effectiveness, strengthen employee commitment, and accelerate the digital transformation of the bureaucracy through an inspiring vision, intellectual stimulation, and individual attention to subordinates. In addition, this leadership contributes to the formation of a collaborative work culture and the improvement of public service innovations that are adaptive to the needs of the community. However, its implementation still faces structural obstacles, such as hierarchical culture, resistance to change, weak digital competence of the apparatus, and limited policy and human resource support. Therefore, a strong integration between transformational values, adaptive leadership competencies, and good governance principles is needed to drive sustainable and performance-oriented bureaucratic change that is superior to public performance.

Agricultural practices that take local wisdom into account can provide significant benefits to the environment and society. Local wisdom plays a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices. Time-tested knowledge and practices can provide solutions to the challenges faced by modern farmers, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation. However, despite extensive research, a significant research gap remains, specifically how local wisdom in the Tumbang Datu Valley can be integrated into broader agricultural policies. The research used was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research aims to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. Initial informants were selected purposively, selecting informants deemed to have extensive knowledge of the conditions in the village under study, using a snowball sampling technique. The first step was to identify key informants, who in this study consisted of 16 traditional leaders and farmers familiar with the culture in Lembang Tumbang Datu and directly involved in the practice. The local wisdom in the rice farming process, from pre-planting, planting, maintenance, to harvesting and post-harvest, is implemented based on ancestral heritage in line with environmental conservation. Farmers demonstrate their concern for nature through natural soil cultivation, selection of superior seeds, use of organic fertilizers, and implementation of efficient planting and irrigation systems. The application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and post-harvest technology demonstrates the farmers' ability to adapt to innovation while maintaining local wisdom. Overall, the rice farming system in Lembang Tumbang Datu demonstrates the synergy between tradition and modernity, supporting food security while preserving cultural heritage.

Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of public service delivery worldwide, with e-government emerging as a critical mechanism for enhancing government efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of e-government implementation in Indonesia, examining the trajectory of digital transformation in public services, the institutional frameworks supporting this transition, and the multifaceted impacts on service quality and governance outcomes. Through systematic literature review and critical policy analysis, this research explores the evolution of Indonesia's e-government initiatives from early adoption to current comprehensive digital service platforms, investigating both successes and persistent challenges. The findings reveal that Indonesia has made substantial progress in developing e-government infrastructure and applications across national and local government levels, with notable achievements including integrated digital identity systems, online business licensing platforms, and citizen complaint management systems. These initiatives have demonstrably improved service accessibility, reduced processing times, minimized corruption opportunities, and enhanced government responsiveness. However, implementation remains uneven across regions and government institutions, constrained by factors including digital infrastructure disparities, limited digital literacy among citizens and officials, organizational resistance to change, inadequate interoperability between systems, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The research identifies critical success factors for effective e-government implementation including strong leadership commitment, adequate resource allocation, comprehensive capacity building programs, citizen-centric design principles, robust legal frameworks, and collaborative partnerships between government, private sector, and civil society.

This study examines the transformation of Islamic education in the digital era, focusing on issues, challenges, and opportunities. The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in Islamic learning, including curriculum innovation, teacher competence, digital literacy, and the ethical use of technology. Using a qualitative literature review method, this article analyzes primary and secondary data from national and international journals to present a comprehensive discussion. The findings highlight that while digital transformation provides opportunities for broader access to knowledge, it also raises concerns about the digital divide, the role of teachers, and the maintenance of Islamic values. Furthermore, the increasing reliance on digital tools in education has intensified the need for teachers to adapt to new technologies and methodologies. The study concludes that strengthening digital literacy, professional teacher training, and appropriate policy support are crucial for optimizing Islamic education in the digital age. The findings stress the importance of balancing technological integration with the preservation of traditional Islamic values in educational practices.

This research discusses the phenomenon of social organizations (ormas) in Indonesia from a legal perspective and the challenges of democracy. The freedom of association guarantyd by Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution serves as the legal basis for the existence of social organizations, which are further regulated by Law Number 17 of 2013 and Law Number 16 of 2017. Regulatory changes, particularly the government's authority to dissolve mass organizations without judicial process, have sparked a debate between the need to maintain public order and the guaranty of the principle of due process of law. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach, supported by a literature study from primary and secondary legal materials. The study results show that although mass organizations have great potential in strengthening democracy, challenges such as identity politics, radicalism, lack of funding transparency, and state power abuse against mass organizations still pose major obstacles. Therefore, balanced legal regulations, transparent oversight, and enhanced democratic literacy are needed to ensure that the role of social organizations remains in line with the principles of the rule of law and Pancasila democracy.  

This study aims to identify the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of academic supervision by school principals using a SWOT analysis approach based on a literature review. Through a systematic literature review of various research sources related to academic supervision and communication in educational management, it was found that strengths such as principal competence, structured supervision with effective communication between principals and teachers, and facility support are the main assets for successful supervision. Meanwhile, weaknesses such as time constraints, limited resources, and a lack of innovation in supervision and communication approaches remain challenges. Opportunities arise from supportive education policies, technological advances that can strengthen internal communication, and the role of active learning communities in sharing information and collaboration. However, threats such as dynamic policy changes and resistance to change require adaptive supervision strategies, open communication, and collaboration in order to optimize academic supervision. The results of this study provide an overview of strategies for school principals and policy makers to optimize academic supervision through effective communication approaches in order to improve teacher professionalism and the quality of learning in schools.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to marketing strategies, including in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector. This study aims to design a digital marketing strategy that can increase sales at Lontong Bang Haji MSMEs in Medan City. The research method uses a case study approach with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to describe the marketing practices implemented and the effectiveness of the digital media used. The results of the study show that the use of social media, particularly Instagram and WhatsApp Business, is the most effective strategy for expanding market reach, increasing interaction with consumers, and building brand awareness. The main challenges faced include time constraints, technical knowledge limitations, and digital promotion budgets. However, the integration of offline and online promotions has proven to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs. Thus, a simple yet consistent digital marketing strategy can serve as a practical solution for SMEs to expand their market and drive sales growth.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a natural process that every woman experiences. During pregnancy, pregnant women experience many changes, both physiological and psychological. These changes can cause various symptoms in each pregnant woman. Some common complaints during pregnancy include nausea and vomiting, back pain, edema, and shortness of breath. Method: This activity was conducted through counseling aimed at explaining the condition and understanding it to pregnant women. This activity used leaflets and live demonstrations so that participants could perform exercises correctly. Conclusion: After conducting counseling on the role of physiotherapy in pregnancy problems at the integrated health posts (Posyandu) for pregnant women in Sempulang Village, Janju Village, and Keluang Lolo Village, it can be concluded that education is important regarding understanding good exercises to do during pregnancy, such as child pose, cat and camel exercise or yoga for pregnant women, and breathing exercises. This is useful for reducing and preventing symptoms during pregnancy by always paying attention to signs of when to stop the exercise.

Prenatal exercise plays a vital role in maintaining the physical and mental well-being of pregnant women. This activity helps reduce common discomforts such as back pain, enhances stamina, and strengthens pelvic muscles in preparation for childbirth. However, knowledge among pregnant women regarding safe and effective exercises remains limited. The lack of structured information often leads to uncertainty and discourages participation in physical activities during pregnancy. This condition highlights the need for well-directed and comprehensive physiotherapy education. This community service program was conducted in Building B of the Kedungkandang Community Health Center and involved 15 participants. A holistic approach was employed, combining interactive counseling to convey the theoretical benefits and safety of exercise, group discussions to share experiences, and practical demonstrations. The exercises demonstrated were carefully selected to be simple, safe, and easy to perform independently at home, ensuring continuity beyond the educational sessions. The results indicated a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, as evidenced by the comparison between pre-test and post-test scores. This improvement reflects the growing awareness among pregnant women of the importance of maintaining fitness through structured and safe physical activity. Continuous education through a community physiotherapy approach is necessary to ensure consistent implementation of prenatal exercise and to support long-term behavioral changes toward better maternal health.

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the issue of climate change are driving the utilization of renewable energy, one of which is through Solar Power Plants (PLTS). The Province of Bali targets the development of PLTS of 108.2 MW, equivalent to 8.62% of the total solar energy potential of 1,254 MW by 2025. However, land limitations pose an obstacle to the construction of large-scale PLTS. Floating solar power plant design can be a solution to this issue. By utilizing 4,955.32 m² of water surface at the Telaga Tunjung Dam, the Floating Solar Power Plant at Telaga Tunjung Dam has a potential capacity of 141.4 kWp, using 280 Trina Solar modules of type TSM-DEG18MC.20(II) (505 Wp) combined with one SG110CX inverter with a capacity of 110 kW. The annual electricity production of the floating solar power plant, based on Helioscope software, is 201.1 MWh. The economic feasibility parameters used in this study include initial investment cost, Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP). The analysis results show that the 141.4 kWp floating solar power plant project at Telaga Tunjung Dam has an initial investment value of IDR 1,248,764,582, a PI of 1.26, and a PP of 3.91 years. Therefore, this project is considered economically feasible and contributes positively to reducing CO₂ emissions.

Myopia is an eye refractive disorder in which the light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina, causing long-distance vision to become blurry. This condition is often experienced by teenagers, including students in Islamic boarding schools, due to the habit of reading in close proximity, excessive use of gadgets, and lack of exposure to natural light. The high prevalence of myopia in young age groups needs serious attention so that it does not develop into permanent vision disorders. One of the prevention efforts that can be done is to provide education about myopia, including the definition, causes, prevention, and importance of maintaining eye health and a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of myopia education on improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students of the Ta'mirul Islam Islamic Islamic Boarding School in Surakarta. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Paired Sample t-Test, there was a significant improvement in the aspects of knowledge and attitude, although behavioral changes have not shown meaningful results. These findings confirm the importance of continuous education to form healthy behaviors related to the prevention of myopia as a whole.

Climate change has a significant impact on organic rice cultivation, which depends heavily on environmental conditions. This study aims to: (1) identify the characteristics of organic rice farmers in Pagerageung District, (2) examine farmers’ perceptions of climate change, (3) analyze farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, and (4) assess the relationship between farmers’ characteristics and perceptions with their adaptive capacity. The research employed a quantitative survey method using a census technique involving 44 farmers, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results showed that: (1) farmers’ characteristics were at a moderate level (score 534/880), (2) farmers’ perceptions were high (score 1,686/2,112), (3) adaptation was moderate (score 1,548/2,112) with economic adaptation being the highest, and (4) there was a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics (ρ = 0.504; p = 0.000) and perceptions (ρ = 0.431; p = 0.000) with their adaptation to climate change. Simultaneously, Kendall’s W test (0.506; p = 0.000) indicated a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics and perceptions with their adaptive capacity to climate change.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) as a positive legislator through the lens of the living constitution approach, which conceptualizes the constitution as a dynamic and evolving document responding to social and political change. The main problem addressed is the extent to which the MK’s judicial activism in interpreting and even creating new legal norms aligns with constitutional principles, democratic legitimacy, and the balance of powers between the judiciary and the legislature. The objective of the research is to analyze how the MK’s progressive interpretations have transformed it from a negative legislator—which merely annuls unconstitutional laws—into a positive legislator that effectively fills legal gaps and constructs new constitutional meanings. Using a normative juridical method combined with case study analysis, this research explores key constitutional decisions, focusing on cases where the MK extended its interpretive authority beyond mere judicial review. The findings reveal that the MK, through the living constitution approach, justifies its role as a positive legislator by invoking principles of constitutional morality, justice, and responsiveness to societal evolution. However, this judicial creativity also generates tension with legislative supremacy and may risk overstepping the boundaries of judicial function. The synthesis of findings suggests that the MK’s transformation embodies the dynamic interplay between constitutional text and social context, reinforcing the adaptability of Indonesian constitutionalism. The study concludes that while the MK’s position as a positive legislator under the living constitution paradigm strengthens constitutional justice and protects citizens’ rights, it must remain anchored in checks and balances to prevent judicial overreach and preserve democratic legitimacy.

This study aims to examine the role of implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles in supporting the transition toward a green economy in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic banking. The research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, reviewing academic literature published between 2020 and 2025. Data were analyzed through thematic content analysis to identify the alignment between ESG dimensions and maqashid shariah, as well as the challenges and opportunities of ESG implementation within Islamic banking institutions. The findings reveal that ESG application in Islamic banking remains partial, with greater emphasis on the environmental dimension through instruments such as green sukuk and green financing. The social and governance aspects have not yet been fully integrated into sustainability strategies. Nevertheless, integrating ESG with maqashid shariah strengthens the role of Islamic banks as agents of change in sustainable development. The study highlights the importance of establishing specific regulations, transparent reporting systems, and sharia-compliant green financial innovations to enhance the contribution of Islamic banking to Indonesia’s green economy.