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Christoforus Manopo; Mokoagow Mokoagow; Bokau Bokau

Jurnal Praba : Jurnal Rumpun Kesehatan Umum 2024 STIKES Columbia Asia Medan

This research aims to determine the nutritional status profile of Kempo athletes in North Sulawesi. Nutritional status is an important factor in supporting athletic performance, especially in the sport of Kempo, which requires strength, speed, and endurance. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach to measure the nutritional status of athletes through Body Mass Index. (IMT). The research sample consists of 40 Kempo athletes in North Sulawesi aged 17 and above. The research results show that the majority of athletes have an ideal nutritional status, with 95% of the total sample falling into the normal weight category, while the remaining 5% are classified as having mild underweight. This finding shows that Kempo athletes in North Sulawesi generally have good nutritional status and are ready to compete in matches with optimal physical condition. This research is expected to raise awareness of the importance of balanced nutrition for athletes to support optimal performance in sports.

David Leo Fernando S; Nisma Simorangkir; Raikhapoor Raikhapoor; Lustani Samosir; Damayanti Nababan

Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen dan Katolik 2024 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of PAK teacher guidance on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class X students of SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. With the hypothesis that there is a positive influence of PAK teacher guidance on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class X students of SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. Using a descriptive quantitative research method. The population of all students of class X SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who are Protestant Christians is 50 people. This study is a population study. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The rcount value = 0.871 indicates a positive relationship and a very strong level of relationship in the interval 0.800 - 1.00 between PAK teacher guidance and students' interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education. b) The determination test found that the influence was 75.86%. The study concluded that there was a positive influence of PAK teacher guidance on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class X students of SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

Triani Cahyaningsi; Helena Regalia Ujabi; Sarmauli Sarmauli

Realisasi : Ilmu Pendidikan, Seni Rupa dan Desain 2024 Asosiasi Seni Desain dan Komunikasi Visual Indonesia

The doctrine of Christ or Christology is the core part of Christian teaching that studies the person and work of Jesus Christ. As the core of the Christian faith, Christology discusses who Jesus is, both in His divinity as the Son of God and in His humanity who was present in the world to atone for human sins. A correct understanding of Christology is very important because it influences how Christians understand salvation, the sacrifice on the cross, and the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. However, in an increasingly modern and pluralistic era, this doctrine often faces quite complex challenges.

Sarah Wassar

International Journal of Christian Education and Philosophical Inquiry 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidkan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

When Jesus appeared to the disciples, he said: "Peace be with you; he breathed on them and said: Receive the Holy Spirit", John 20:21-22. Shortly after that Jesus ascended into heaven. The disciples prayed for ten days in Jerusalem and the Holy Spirit came down as promised by Jesus, (Acts 1:8). In addition, no one else, be it prophets, apostles, church fathers or pastors may breathe and tell people to receive the Holy Spirit. This study aims to find the views and attitudes of Christianity in ordaining ministry or worship. In this study, the method used is qualitative descriptive with an approach to an understanding and comprehension of the importance of receiving the anointing of the Holy Spirit so as not to be extreme in the completion of ministry or worship. The Holy Spirit anoints someone so that the person experiences a change in life to become spiritually qualified and has the divine ability to carry out ministry according to his calling, with abilities that exceed human strength.

Ester Harianja; Harisan Boni Firmando; Masniar Herawati Sitorus; Maringan Sinambela; Rusmauli Simbolon

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2024 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

This research aims to determine the strategy for realizing social harmony in Islamic and Christian communities in Bukit Malintang District, Mandailing Natal Regency, knowing the forms and forms of social harmony and the efforts made to create social harmony in Islamic and Christian communities in Bukit Malintang District, Mandailing Regency. Christmas 2024. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data collection in this research uses observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Social harmony is compatibility, suitability, balance and justice which provides a sense of security, peace and prosperity to all mankind. Broadly speaking, it means the existence of brotherhood and togetherness between religious communities even though they are different in terms of ethnicity, race and class. The results of this research show that in the villages of Promisematogu and Lambou Dahlul Ihsan, each religion teaches to live in peace and tranquility. The importance of awareness among the adherents of each religion makes it very easy to establish social harmony in society. So that people can live in peace, help each other, respect each other, in everyday life. Religious figures also often emphasize the importance of tolerance as a basis for peaceful coexistence. By implementing the Dalihan Na Tolu system, the kinship system has an important meaning that looks at the relationship between Islamic and Christian communities in the kinship system incorporated in Dalian Na Tolu, overcoming relationships that are built on the basis of inter-religious brotherhood.

Henni Jannimar Sonya Sitompul; Simion D. Harianja; Tiur Imeldawati; Lasmaria Lumban Tobing; Ronny Simatupang

Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen dan Katolik 2024 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the learning activity of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive inferential method. The population was all class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung totaling 274 students and a sample of 35 people was determined using Purposive Sampling. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 34 items. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence of the Pedagogical Competence of Christian Religious Education Teachers on the Learning Activity of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.619> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 35) = 0.334. b) Test of significant relationship obtained tcount value = 4.524 > ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 33) = 2.042. 2) Test of influence: a) Test of regression equation, obtained regression equation Y ̂="16.36" + 0.65X. b) Test of regression determination coefficient (r2) = 38.3%. 3) Hypothesis test using F test obtained Fcount > Ftable = ( = 0.05, dk numerator k = 21, dk denominator = n-2 = 35-2 = 33) which is 20.43 > 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Nicolas Sinaga

Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen dan Katolik 2024 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to describe the spirituality of children aged 8-12 years in Aek Raja Village after the earthquake in 2022. The research method used is qualitative research. The informant determination technique is purposive sampling based on certain criteria that are in accordance with the research topic. The data collection technique for this study is using semi-structured interviews and documentation in the form of images. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted by the author, children in Aek Raja Village are increasingly active in participating in church activities after the natural disaster that occurred several years ago. Then they are more diligent in communicating with God through prayer. In the Christian faith, praying is not a spiritual activity that is done when someone has time to do it. Praying is also not done when someone has important needs or Likewise, children in Aek Raja Village have communicated with God the Creator through prayer. Children also believe in God. Likewise, children in Aek Raja Village, that they should be children of God always believe in God through the faith they have. Then children have love for others. Love for God is manifested through total obedience to His commandments and living according to His will written in the Word. This love for God becomes a solid foundation for love for others and love for oneself. Love is the essence of God, the nature of God, and the attributes of God. God has given His love to humans, therefore, humans are also expected to give love to Him and love one another. This is because only through mutual love between humans, love for God can be reflected well in human life. Likewise, the children in the village of Aek Raja that children already love others, especially their parents.

Meylisa Hutagalung; Maringan Sinambela; Masniar Hernawaty Sitorus; Martua Sihaloho; Jupalman Welly Simbolon

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2024 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

The background of this research related to Social Interaction is defined as a dynamic mutual social relationship, which concerns the relationship between individuals, individuals and groups, groups and groups. The main problem in this study is to understand the interaction of religious people in increasing solidarity between religious communities in Bukit Nenas Village by looking at the many positive activities carried out in the Bukit Nenas Village area. Cooperation carried out by religious communities is Islam, Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Especially when Muslims are performing worship during the holidays, people who live close to the mosque environment voluntarily help maintain security around the place of worship and who maintain that security from other Protestant and Catholic Christians. To see the benefits of the formation of a sense of solidarity between others, the researcher is interested in further studying the benefits of community interaction and its influence in realizing social solidarity in Bukit Nenas Village. The results of this study show that the influence of community interaction on socio-religious life in the village is very numerous, including from the social side, establishing good communication between communities, both communities around the house and communities that are far away and different environments, realizing and increasing community solidarity, and maintaining brotherhood. The benefit from the religious side is that harmony that has been maintained to this day can be used as an example by many people and other regions. Judging from the culture of interaction between communities that have cultural differences, the community knows about other cultures.

Jeny Florentina br Ginting; Limmarten Simatupang; Dorlan Naibaho; Dame Taruli; Tianggur Napituplu

Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen dan Katolik 2024 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method with Pre-Experimental One Shot Case Study statistics. The population was all class Data was collected using a 20 item questionnaire. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in the Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. Test analysis requirements, namely tcount = 8.376 > ttable = 2.042. It is known that the tcount value is in the area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year.

Elsa Prawati Gultom; Bernhardt Siburian; Herdiana Sihombing; Erman S. Saragih; Hanna D. Aritonang

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning of liberating truth based on the Gospel of John 8:31-32. In addition, this study can also provide good basic knowledge about the meaning of liberating truth that can only be obtained through faith in Jesus and its reflection for today's believers, especially so that they can know how to interpret and respond to the liberating truth. The research method in this writing is a qualitative method with an exegetical approach. In this study, the meaning of liberating truth based on the Gospel of John will be explored theologically and then confronted with the reality of understanding today's believers in how they respond to that freedom. From the results of the exegetical study of John 8:31-32, the Truth is God Himself, who is incarnated into the life experienced by humans. In addition, God also acts as a giver of truth that will free His oppressed people. Freedom means liberation from slavery, entering a new life in joy and satisfaction that was previously impossible. Through faith in Christ, believers experience a meaningful life that is freed from the darkness and prison of sin.  This means that faith in Christ not only saves from the penalty of sin, but also gives freedom to live in the will of God and glorify Him. The meaning of the liberating truth referred to in the Gospel of John is the truth that gives spiritual freedom, namely freeing humans from the power of the devil, from darkness, spiritual death and from the prison of sin. This truth is concerned with human salvation, the truth that comes through the Lord Jesus Christ.

Christina Sianturi; Junjungan Simorangkir; Iwan Setiawan Tarigan

Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen dan Katolik 2024 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This research is motivated by the leadership of the wife of a pastor whose husband died in continuing the transition of service as pastor of the congregation. After the death of the husband who was the church pastor, the duties and responsibilities of church ministry were automatically assigned to the wife as the continuing pastor. After being approved as continuing pastor, the wife will play a very important role, her role will be the same as the previous pastor, carrying out congregational pastoral services such as pulpit service, embracing, guiding, nurturing, serving and leading as well as building relationships with congregation members and servants. The differences in leadership of wives whose husbands die will be directly visible when carrying out their duties and responsibilities as pastors of the congregation which will have an impact on the effectiveness of the ministry. Therefore this research takes the topic “duties and responsibilitities of a pastor’s wife whose husband dies on the effectiveness of services at the muliorejo gospel spreading church”. With the aim of the research to determine and analyze the transition of duties of a pastor's wife whose husband died on the effectiveness of service at the muliorejo gospel spreading church and to find out and analyze the responsibilities of a pastor's wife whose husband has died regarding the effectiveness of the ministry at the muliorejo gospel spreading church. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, the data obtained in this research used an interview approach and recorded conversations via cellphone recordings with 12 informants. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there was a change in duties experienced by the wife of a shepherd whose husband died, this change was due to a change in duties with a different position status. From previously only being a companion to her husband who was the pastor of the congregation, she has now become a continuing pastor because of her husband's death. With the task that the mother shepherd received as continuing shepherd at the muliorejo gospel spreading church making him a person who is full of love, has a high caring nature, is firm in leading and practicing a holy life so as to support the effectiveness of ministry in the church. The leadership responsibility of a pastor's wife whose husband has died directly contributes to the effectiveness of the ministry at the muliorejo gospel spreading church. The effectiveness of the service that occurs at the muliorejo gospel spreading church is carrying out physical construction of the church, experiencing an increase in the number of souls, increasing church activity programs and opening a new church branch which will be ratified on May 5, 2024.  

Devina Mendrofa; Elvri Teresia Simbolon; Roida Lumbantobing; Rusmauli Simbolon; Feriel Amelia Sembiring

WISSEN : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2024 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

The aim of the research is to find out the strategies of Nias Migrant Christian Families in enculturating cultural values ​​in children in Tarutung District. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The Nias migrant family's strategy regarding Nias cultural values ​​for children has been realized in direct teaching through the use of language, then family involvement in the community and then the family also has to balance maintaining identity and adapting to the new environment. Nias migrant families in Tarutung sub-district have shown significant efforts in preserving Nias culture amidst the dynamics of modern life.

Judika Adelin Sidabutar

WISSEN : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2024 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

This study aims to determine the impact of the Sanggah Sinar program on the recovery of post-rehabilitation clients who have been returned home. Post-rehabilitation clients and even post-rehabilitation client families often experience confusion in maintaining and helping clients maintain their recovery. Real recovery is not when the client is in rehabilitation, but when the client has returned home, and will continue his new life after undergoing the rehabilitation process. This rehabilitation or recovery aims to create a new life for clients, which includes three things, namely: 1) death life or how post-rehabilitation care 2) Hope & Optimism about the future 3) Empowerment. This research technique is a qualitative research methodology that collects data by conducting interviews, observations and documentation. processing data by analyzing data. In maintaining the recovery of clients who have returned home, several actions need to be taken, require care and need to pay attention to several things. Reorientation towards a recovered life is: 1) breaking ties with the drug circle 2) improving relationships with the social environment and people 3) making oneself more productive in everyday life 4) finding valuable values ​​as motivation to recover. 5) creating new coping (strategies) 6) family as the main foundation in recovery 7) building a new identity. The Sanggah Cemerlang program as a program carried out after rehabilitation or post-rehabilitation, has a fairly good impact on post-rehabilitation clients. In accordance with the BNN guidelines on the implementation of post-rehabilitation programs, the Sanggah Cemerlang program is good. and in pastoral counseling services, to deal with the diverse Indonesian society, dealing with post-rehabilitation clients by carrying out an innovative understanding of the spiritual dimension in the paradigm of Christian psychology and religion.

Ronaldo Divalo Ginting

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

This article discusses a comparative study of the concept of divinity between Erastus Sabdono and Jehovah's Witnesses, focusing on the concept of the oneness of God. Through qualitative methods and literature analysis, this study examines Erastus Sabdono's view that emphasizes God as one undivided person, and positions Jesus as the manifestation of God's will, and the Holy Spirit as divine power. In contrast, the Jehovah's Witnesses teach Jehovah as the one God, Jesus as a created being and the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit as the power of God. This comparison reveals similarities in the emphasis of God's oneness and differences in the understanding of the relationship between God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. The theological and practical implications of these views are analyzed to understand their impact on teachings and worship. This article aims to provide an in-depth insight into the differences and similarities in Christian monotheism.

Sarnita Sari Tumangger; Erman S Saragih; Hanna Dewi Aritonang; Haposan Silalahi; Bestian Simangunsong

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of theology study program students on healthy dating based on Christian ethics. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation and interviews with eight theology study program students from 2020-2021. The results of the study showed that students have three main views related to the foundations of healthy dating, namely: Good communication, mutual respect, and maintaining bodily purity. Based on interviews with eight students, it was found that these three perspectives are very important in building harmonious relationships and in accordance with dating ethics. However, students face challenges in maintaining healthy relationships, including environmental influences, temptations of lust, and unclear goals in relationships. For this reason, the application of boundaries and education regarding healthy dating is very necessary to help students understand and live relationships that are in accordance with Christian values. This study is expected to contribute to instilling ethical dating values ​​among theology students.

Yusni Mawati Hia

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the new creation in the reading of 2 Corinthians 5:17 through the understanding of the BNKP Tobasa congregation and how they interpret the spiritual change in their daily lives. The method used in this study is the reader response criticism method, which emphasizes the active role of the reader or congregation in shaping the understanding of the Bible text. This study involved eight members of the BNKP Tobasa Balige congregation as informants, consisting of various backgrounds and ages. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews to explore how each individual interprets the concept of the new creation as a change that includes the renewal of the heart, mindset, and attitude of life guided by the Holy Spirit. They view the new creation as a process of transformation that brings someone out of an old life full of sin to a new life in Christ. However, even though there is a good theological understanding, it was also found that there is still a gap between understanding and application in daily life. Some congregations have not fully displayed the character and behavior that reflect life as a new creation both in relationships between fellow congregations and in their attitudes towards life of faith. This emphasizes the importance of ongoing formation in the congregation, especially to deepen their understanding of the meaning of the new creation and how it should be realized in real action.

Gabriel A. P. Saragih; Fernando A. M. Saragih

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

Holiness of life is a pattern of life based on the truth of God's Word, which is very important for students to apply in their daily lives. However, the sanctity of life is increasingly rare due to various factors. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of sanctity of life in college students. The method used is qualitative, with data collection through searching and selecting relevant articles from scientific sources. The results show that there are two types of factors that affect the sanctity of life: general factors that are often experienced by university students, and specific factors that originate from within Christianity. Students need to be vigilant, selective, and strive to maintain the sanctity of life in the midst of various challenges.

Noven Christoper Butarbutar; Amir Mahmud Hasibuan; Nadia Dwi Utami; Siti Annisa; Fajar Siddik

Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan dan Biologi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

This study examines the effectiveness of traditional games as a method of physical education learning in elementary schools. Traditional games, such as engklek, gobak sodor, bentengan, and petak umpet, not only serve as entertainment but also contribute to enhancing students' motor, social, and emotional skills. The research method used is a literature study, with thematic analysis to identify patterns and concepts from various related sources. The results show that traditional games can increase student active participation, create an inclusive and enjoyable learning atmosphere, and preserve local cultural values. Therefore, it is highly recommended that traditional games be included in the physical education curriculum to promote the overall growth of children.

Sry Nola Manik

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of the congregation of GKPPD Sangga Beru regarding the foundation of marriage in building a harmonious family. In Christian teachings, marriage is not just a bond between two individuals, but a divine institution designed to form a family based on faith, love, and mutual trust. However, factors such as the wrong foundation in marriage, economic problems, poor communication, and cultural pressures often threaten family harmony.Using a descriptive approach, this study identified the congregation's perceptions of the foundation of marriage and the factors that cause disharmony in the household. From the results of interviews with 10 informants, it was found that the three main foundations of Christian marriage are faith in Jesus Christ, loving and caring for each other, and trusting each other. Faith serves as a foundation in facing various life challenges, while love ensures emotional warmth, and trust binds couples in joy and sorrow.However, the results of the analysis also show that some couples marry for reasons of matchmaking, social influence, or simply to have children, which often triggers conflicts such as lack of understanding between partners, lack of trust, comfort, openness, and problems related to the presence of children. In an effort to create a harmonious family, values ​​such as mutual understanding, open communication, and cooperation are very important. The church plays a crucial role in guiding the congregation through faith teachings and counseling services. However, in GKPPD Sangga Beru, the lack of an effective counseling program is an obstacle in providing optimal support to couples in facing the challenges of marriage.

Donna Irawati Sidauruk; Lince Sihombing; Wilson Simanjuntak; Albiner Siagian; Dame Taruli Simamora

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

The purpose of this study was to determine the Positive and Significant Relationship Between Parental Guidance and Christian Social Behavior in the School Environment of Grade XI Students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This research method is a quantitative research method. The population of this study included all grade XI students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung who were Protestant Christians totaling 141 people, but only 36 people were determined as samples taken using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire of 42 items, 20 items for variable X and 22 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between Parental Guidance and Christian Social Behavior of Students in the SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung Environment. This is proven by: 1) The positive relationship test obtained the value of rxy = 0.597> rtable = 0.329, thus it is concluded that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) The significant relationship test obtained the value of tcount = 4.336> ttable = 2.042. Thus Ha which states that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Relationship between Parental Guidance and Christian Social Behavior of Students in the School Environment of Class XI SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Academic Year is accepted.