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This research aims to determine the role of teaching assistance in the fourth generation campus teaching program in increasing student learning motivation, especially for seventh grade students in social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 3 Maumere. Teaching assistance is one part of the Teaching Campus program of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) activities. This activity aims to empower students to help with the learning process in elementary and middle schools in various villages/cities, one of which is at SMP Negeri 3 Maumere which is in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. In this program, students are responsible for assisting the school in the teaching process, assisting with technology adaptation, and assisting with administration. Apart from that, students have a responsibility to improve students' morals and increase students' learning motivation and interest in learning while at school. The results of this research show that the role of teaching assistance plays a very important role in maintaining and growing students' learning motivation, especially in seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Maumere. The results of this program are expected to be able to foster social sensitivity in students to hone their thinking skills. work together with teachers and students across fields of science to solve the problems they face.

Spiritual rhetoric has an important role in strengthening understanding and communication of religious teachings, but often does not receive sufficient attention in Christian religious education. The approach of Quintilianes, a famous philosopher and rhetorician from the ancient Roman era, provides a solid foundation for improving the teaching of spiritual rhetoric. This article presents key concepts from Quintilianes' thinking that can be adapted in the study of Christianity, such as the importance of ethics in communication, developing speaking skills, and emphasizing the formation of good character. This integration strategy can be applied in various contexts of Christian religious education, both in religious schools, churches and within the family environment. By incorporating elements of spiritual rhetoric into the curriculum, educators can help students understand and articulate their beliefs more effectively, while promoting fundamental moral and spiritual values. In facing the complexity of the contemporary world, the integration of Quintilianes' thoughts in the study of Christianity becomes increasingly relevant. This article proposes that this approach can provide a powerful foundation for increasing understanding, appreciation, and practice of Christianity, as well as fostering deeper spiritual growth in students.

This research aims to describe the application of the precautionary principle in dealing with bad credit and to determine the assessment in providing financing to PT. BSM Kcp Script. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques use interviews and documentation, data analysis uses qualitative data analysis techniques using inductive thinking, and this research data uses primary data sources obtained from supporting sources, namely books, the internet and literature. other. PT. BSM Kcp Aksara has applied the precautionary principle in bad credit using the 5C principle analysis, which includes Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Colliteral as well as producers that customers must go through in submitting financing applications, providing financing, paying financing installments and obstacles to bad credit. . The results of this research, PT. BSM Kcp Aksara in implementing the principle of prudence in the financing that has been carried out is not good enough, BSM provides financing by emphasizing the 5C principle which includes Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Collateral. The important thing in providing financing to customers is Collateral (Guarantee). Judging from the results of customer data, the 5C principle has not been able to completely prevent bad credit due to the Account Office (AO) being less careful in analyzing financing. However, BSM's consistency in handling problematic financing customers has been carried out according to producers by collecting them periodically and providing warning letters I, II and III in stages.  

This research aims to determine the effect of outdoor study-based problem-based learning on high school students' critical thinking abilities on respiratory system material. This research methodology uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental type. The research population was class XI high school students with a sample size of 86 students. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and written tests. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the research show that the average critical thinking ability of students in the experimental class taught using the outdoor study-based Problem Based Learning learning model is in the high category and the average critical thinking ability of students in the control class taught using the conventional learning model is low, this is based on the average posttest score from the experimental class, namely 80.22 and the control class, namely 55.95. The results of hypothesis testing using Independent Sample t-test statistics show that there is an influence of the outdoor study-based problem based learning model on the results of students' critical thinking abilities in the material on the human respiratory system Class XI Science SMA Brigjen Katamso 2 Medan.

This research was carried out to provide support for learning that develops technology in the learning process of students in schools, especially vocational schools, in order to overcome the low effectiveness of practical learning skills that has occurred in productive subjects. The aim of this research is to prepare an electronic practical worksheet (Jobsheet) that can be proven to be practical, valid & effective in improving students' practical learning skills in vocational schools. This research uses the applied Research and Development method. The target of this research is class X students at An Nur Vocational School. Those related to this research are: material, media and language experts. This research has produced valid, practical and effective products in the development of portfolio-based problem based learning to improve critical thinking skills and democratic attitudes. to improve critical thinking skills and democratic attitudes. Validation from material experts obtained a value of 87.2, media experts 87.1 and language experts 88.3 so that the product developed was in the very valid category, with a practicality level of 83.4 classified as very practical, and effective in improving product assembly with a calculated value > ttable, namely 16.491 > 2.015 or < 0.05.

This research aims to see the influence of the PjBL model for making dioramas on: (1) Creative Thinking Ability; (2) Curiosity on biodiversity material. This research uses a quasi-experimental quantitative research design, using a group design posttest-only. The sample in this study was class VIIB (control) with a total of 30 students and class VIIG (experiment) with a total of 32 students at SMPN 3 Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia in the 2022/2023 academic year. Data collection on creative thinking abilities was carried out using the test method esssay and for curiosity using a non-test in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the research state that: (1) students' creative thinking abilities using the PjBL model have a significant effect compared to students using the conventional model taught at school. The average score for each class was 73.20 (experimental); 63 (control); (2) curiosity (curiosity) with the PjBL model also has a significant effect compared to students who use the conventional model taught at school with an average score of 70.97 (experiment); 64.91 (control).

The development of technology and information has brought all students into the world generation of digital literacy, media technology or digital literacy is developing rapidly, many people are able to create new applications, technological devices that aim to provide convenience for humans. Excessive use of digital can cause problems, especially for students who are still in education, misusing technology can reduce the quality of student learning. The effort that we can do to overcome this problem is by reviving students' thinking concepts in improving the quality of learning by using digital learning media. The purpose of this research is to find out to what extent students are able to utilize technology, what efforts can help students who are addicted to technology. This research was conducted at the Anugerah Tanjungpinang Social Service Foundation Middle School using the face-to-face method from preparation to implementation. The results of this study are that each student is able to receive new insights in using technology to learn responsibly and wants to be a smart student in using technology so that students at the Anugerah Tanjungpinang Social Service Foundation Middle School said that "it turns out that learning to use technology is so much fun and can make it easier for students to access learning resources quickly, students also get new things for example such as using devices such as Microsoft Word, Excel and so on. This is one form of success for the PkM team where students can understand and receive knowledge about the responsible use of technology.

. Indonesia is a state based on law whose administration of government power is based on law not power, the law is certainly used as a tool to fulfill the balance between Indonesian people in interacting, one of which is for the sake of achieving balance in the household. In the household, it has also been regulated regarding the elimination of domestic violence, namely Law No. 23 of 2004. In conducting this research, the researcher uses a deductive method of thinking research and raises two main issues what are the factors that cause violence in the household and how is the effectiveness of the application of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence in divorce issues in Indonesia.

The purposes of this research are 1) to determine students' critical thinking skills without using the Discovery Learning learning model in Civics class VI MIN 12 Medan City, 2) to determine students' critical thinking skills using the Discovery Learning learning model in Civics class VI MIN 12 City Medan, 3) to determine the significant effect of the Discovery Learning learning model on students' critical thinking skills in Civics learning at MIN 12 Medan City. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach with the type of Quasy Experiment in the form of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was conducted at MIN 12 Medan City, Medan Tembung District. The sample in this study consisted of 2 classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. Collecting data in this study used the results of pre-test and post-test essay questions. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive, normality test, homogeneous test and Wilcoxon test. The results of this study show 1) the results of students' critical thinking without the application of the Discovery Learning model obtain an average posttest score of 75.77. 2) The results of students' critical thinking applied to the Discovery Learning model obtained an average posttest score of 78.27. This shows that there is a significant influence on the learning model media Discovery Learning on students' critical thinking skills. This is evidenced by the results of the Wilcoxon test with an asymp.Sig value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is a change in the average of the two paired samples, Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected.

According to WHO (World Health Organization), health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just freedom from disease or weakness/disability. From this description it can be concluded that health implies ideal health conditions, both from a biological, psychological and social perspective. Apart from that, WHO also describes several health characteristics that need to be known, including physical and spiritual health without involving external elements, health related to the internal or external environment, spiritual health, mental health or what is usually called mental health (WHO, 2022). Mental disorders are disorders in the way of thinking (cognitive), will (volition), emotions (affective), actions (psychomotor). One of the mental disorders that greatly affects and disrupts an individual's life is schizophrenia (Makhruzah et al, 2021).

The development of puemla learning media on the material of practicing the Pancasila precepts of Pancasila learning subjects in grade 2 elementary schools is intended to facilitate understanding of the material, obtain meaningful learning and increase motivation in learning. Learning media is a learning tool that helps students improve their thinking, attention, and abilities or skills. the method used is 4D which consists of define, design, develop, and dessiminate. (1) the defining stage of define is to conduct a needs analysis on students, which aims to find out the basic problems needed in the development of learning media and to find out about the advantages and disadvantages of learning media used by teachers so far, media analysis, and analysis of students, (2) the design stage of design that is done first is to choose material that suits the characteristics of students, (3) the development stage of develop is the process of creating it into reality, (4) the spread of dessiminate is a real rarity whether the learning system that is built is successful, in accordance with expectations or not. The results showed that puemla learning media can increase the motivation of students and in accordance with the characteristics of students who can be used as a means of supporting the learning process as evidenced by the evaluation of the board of teachers at SDN Klagen, Wilayut village, Sukodono District and the enthusiasm of students in grade 2.

This research was motivated by the queue and understanding of students in Indonesian learning activities in the classroom which was shown by the lack of student thinking activities in learning activities. The purpose of this study is to improve the creativity of thinking and the ability of grade VI students of SDN Gekbrong 1. The learning model used in this study is the Quantum Learning method. Quantum Learning is a research-based learning model that integrates the best teaching strategies with how students receive lessons. In this study, researchers apply the Quantum Learning method to Indonesian language learning The results obtained after applying the Quantum Learning method are an increase in thinking creativity and the ability of students in learning as evidenced by learning outcomes that reach an average of 90 and 94% learning completeness.  With the Quantum Learning Learning model, students are more active, creative and fun, because this method also contains elements of play while learning.

This research is research by IAIN Ponorogo students conducted by the KPM 19 group in Bungkuk village, Parang, Magetan. This KPM aims to be media for learning, practice, and society. Understanding of students in managing human resources to improve the quality and critical thinking patterns of each individual so that they become good individuals. The method used is the asset-based community development (ABCD) method. The ABCD approach involves five steps, including the processes of discovery, dreaming, planning, determining, and implementing. For this reason, it aims to provide character and activities that are beneficial to the community. Based on the potential according to initial observations, inviting Bungkuk Village youths to participate in enlivening the mosque in their respective hamlets because of the potential, to increase the sympathy of Bungkuk Tiga Village youth towards the mosque in their respective hamlets, it's not just congregational prayers, but work programs that have been prepared by the BKM Mosque Welfare Board, in order to increase youth togetherness to revive youth youth organizations that have been passive.

The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of Inquiry and Problem Based Learning learning models on critical thinking skills in terms of students' learning interests. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Sandai. This research was a quantitative experiment with the type of quasi-experimental design (quasi-experimental) research. The design of this study followed the research paradigm flow of Randomized Only Control Group Design where the subjects taken were grouped into two groups, namely experiment I and experimental group II. In this study, the samples were VIII grade students consisting of VIII A and VIII B classes. Experimental class 1, VIII A consisted of 30 students and experimental class 2, VIII B consisted of 30 students. The data collection tools used in this study were response questionnaires and tests of critical thinking skills in the form of essay questions. The results of the analysis of variance of the two cell paths are not the same indicating that there are differences in critical thinking skills between students with high, medium and low interest in learning. Based on the post-anava test with the Scheffe method, the value of F_(.1-.2) = 0.7374; F_(.1-.3) = 6.7540; F_(.2-.3) = 1.4279; DK = {F│F<3.168}. From the results of the calculation of the two-way analysis of variance with unequal cells, the value of F_ab=1.576<F_(0.05;2;54)=3.16 means that H_0AB is accepted so that there is no interaction between the learning model and learning interest on students' critical thinking skills.

Many studies have described meta-analysis on the overall effect of e-learning influence in learning. However, there has been no meta-analysis of the overall effect of STEM-based e-learning on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).  The purpose of this study investigates the effect of STEM-based e-learning on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia. This type of research is a Systematic Literature Review (SL) and meta-analysis. Data sources came from 10 national and international journals published in 2018-2023. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Eric, and Springer. Data analysis used the Hedge formula to calculate effect size with the help of the JSAP application. The findings show that the effect size value (ES = 0.793) is medium. This explains that STEM-based e-learning provides a very high positive impact and is effective in improving students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Furthermore, HOTS characteristics do not cause heterogeneity in the results of STEM-based e-learning research on students' Higher Order Thinking Skills. The findings suggest that educators should choose STEM-based e-learning as one of the learning models to improve students' Higher Order Thinking skills in Indonesia.

This study examines the influence of civic knowledge, civil skills, and citizen involvement on legal awareness among students. Legal awareness is an essential aspect of citizenship, as it enables individuals to understand their rights, responsibilities, and the legal system governing their society. The research aims to explore how civic knowledge, civil skills, and citizen involvement contribute to the development of legal awareness among students. The study employs a quantitative research design and collects data through a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of students from various educational institutions. The questionnaire includes items that measure the participants' levels of civic knowledge, civil skills, citizen involvement, and legal awareness. Statistical analysis techniques such as correlation and regression analyses are used to examine the relationships between these variables. The findings reveal significant positive associations between civic knowledge, civil skills, citizen involvement, and legal awareness among students. Higher levels of civic knowledge are correlated with increased legal awareness, indicating that a solid understanding of civic principles, institutions, and democratic processes contributes to a better comprehension of legal rights and obligations. Similarly, possessing civil skills, such as critical thinking,problem-solving,and effective communication, positively influences legal awareness. These findings underscore the importance of civic education programs that focus on enhancing civic knowledge, civil skills, and citizen involvement to promote legal awareness among students. Such programs can be integrated into school curricula, extracurricular activities, and community initiatives to foster active citizenship and empower young individuals to be informed and engaged participants in society

Background: Schizophrenia is a disease that affects various areas of individual functioning, including thinking, communicating, receiving, interpreting reality, feeling, and showing emotions. Based on data from 32% of schizophrenics who commit acts of violence, and 16% of violent behavior towards clients results in death. One of the treatments that can be done is Sensory Stimulation therapy which is an effort to stimulate all the five senses (sensory) in order to provide an adequate response so as to increase the ability to control violent behavior in schizophrenic patients. schizophrenia Method: applying sensory stimulation therapy applied to 2 patients in the form of a case study. Results: The results showed that there was an increase in the patient's ability to control violent behavior which resulted in an increase in the score of the ability to control angry behavior by 10 and 9 points. Conclusion: Based on the data generated by the two patients, after the sensory stimulation therapy strategy was carried out, the risk of violent behavior decreased. With different amounts but with the same treatment.

This research aimed at finding out the correlation between students’ critical thinking and their speaking skill. This research used quantitative method and a correlational research design. The sample of this research was 20 students who were taken from XI class of students of PPS ULYA RUMAH QURAN NW LOMBOK in the academic year of 2023 - 2024. The sample was taken by Purposive Sampling Technique. The instruments of this research were questionnaire and public speaking test. The result of this research showed there is negative correlation between their critical thinking and speaking skill. Based on the data analyzed by using SPSS, the researcher found that the coefficient correlation was 0.128. Therefore the significance of students’ critical thinking and their speaking skill is at the rate of 0.590, which means the significant value smaller than 0.05 (0.590 > 0.05).

The application of problem based learning methods requires students to have active learning and critical thinking skills, where these abilities are factors that can affect students' GPA. This study aims to determine the relationship between active learning and critical thinking with the GPA of students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malikussaleh. This study was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach. Statistical analysis using the Spearman test. Sampling in this study using total sampling with a total of 274 students who have met the inclusion and exclusion requirements. The results of the univariate analysis of ability active learning and critical thinking of all respondents at the most at the ambivalent level of 262 respondents (95.6%), followed by high measurement results of 8 respondents (2.9%) and low measurement results of 4 respondents (1.5%). Icumulative achievement indexAll respondents were found at a very satisfactory level of 209 respondents (76.6%). GPA with praise of 50 respondents (18.3%). Satisfactory GPA of 14 respondents (5.1%). Bivariate statistical analysis get p value <0.05. The conclusion of this studythere is a relationship between active learning and critical thinking with the GPA of students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malikussaleh.

This study aims to analyze the distribution of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in each question on pre-activity in the student book entitled "English Skills For the Future" edition for class XII Senior High School. Qualitative descriptive methods were used in this study with documentation technique in a document in the form of student book entitled "English Skills For the Future" for class XII. The HOTS theory (C4 = analyze, C5 = evaluate, and C6 = create) in Anderson & Krathwohl's revised Bloom's taxonomy was used as a reference for analyzing the data. This study focused on data sourced from the Swing Into Action section contained in all chapters in the student book with a total of 37 data questions. The results of this study showed that 30% of the questions were C4, 32% of the questions were C5, and 38% of the questions were C6. Based on the results of the analysis, it could be concluded that the questions distributed on pre-activity in the student book "English Skills For the Future" edition for class XII SMA all contain HOTS based on Anderson & Krathwohl's revised Bloom's taxonomy, with the dominance of category C6 (create) questions in HOTS.