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In recent years, the judiciary has faced harsh criticism for its tardiness in resolving electoral cases in a free and equitable way. Here, a Marxist theoretical approach is used to identify the issue contemplated. Every society's government should ideally endeavor to create a peaceful and habitable environment by enacting laws that safeguard the interests of its residents and those who live nearby. Since the judiciary, an arm of a democratic government, like the one in Nigeria, is tasked with upholding the law, it becomes quite concerning when this branch of the government is beset by charges and convictions of corruption.  It was suggested that corrupt judges who commit crimes should face a variety of penalties and sanctions, including the death penalty, termination from their position, and public humiliation by being imprisoned for a period of time. Supporting politicians who buy off judges to see through, they ought to be tried and found guilty of bribing public officials. Additionally, they ought to be disqualified from any political office they are running for, since this will lessen judicial corruption, which impedes the development of Nigerian democracy. This report examines Nigeria's problems with corruption. It uses case studies of two nations with comparable issues and histories to provide a comparative perspective. Some of the suggested methods for an efficient performance of oversight functions include evolving reforms, guiding media and civil society engagement, and involving citizens.  

These tests assessed the electorate's degree of disinterest in voting. It investigated the reasons behind voters' indifference to voting. It also established the voting remedies disinterest from the viewpoints of the voters and, lastly, investigated how factors including socioeconomic position, political party affiliations, and educational attainment affected the voters' degree of voting apathy. The survey research design was used in the study. Using a purposive sampling technique, 350 electorates from seven faculties at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife made up the sample size. Before being used, a tool called the Voting Apathy Questionnaire (VAQ) was created and verified. Three hypotheses were investigated and confirmed, and three research questions were posed and addressed. Among other things, the results indicated that 50.3% of voters were indifferent to voting. Additionally, the degree of voting indifference among the electorate was significantly influenced by educational levels (² = 161.969a, p < 0.05). Rational Choice Theory was selected as the theoretical underpinning, and the study used both survey research design and secondary sources of data collection as information gathering techniques. The results showed that low levels of education and illiteracy are associated with poor political and voter education, particularly when it comes to the fact that the majority of voters (roughly 50%) fail to pick up their permanent voter cards and are therefore unable to be accredited to vote; that Nigerian politics is another factor, as it is known as a bitter and acrimonious politics; and that because elected officials have failed to fulfill their campaign promises, the electorate has lost faith in the government and finds it difficult to participate in the electoral process.

The study looks at fiscal federalism, which is the distribution of resources between federating entities so that they can carry out their constitutional duties. The goal of this study was to identify the fundamental imperatives of fiscal federalism for the advancement of the country. In Nigeria's new democratic environment, the relative roles of the federal government, state governments, and local government authority (LGAs) in providing public services have become one of the most crucial subjects of candid and heated discussion. Federalism, fiscal federalism, and development were conceptually explained from the outset, and it became clear that the principles of fiscal autonomy and integrity are critical to the survival and ongoing existence of a properly federating form of government. In order to ascertain how the federal arrangements affect the provision of basic services in four crucial areas, the analysis will make use of fieldwork conducted in six states and twelve LGAs. primary health care, primary education, clean water and sanitation, and local roads that connect communities to marketplaces, schools, and medical facilities. The paper, which was based on Buchan Fiscal Residuum Theory, attempted to accomplish the study's goal by balancing the value of the public services returned to individuals with the payments paid. According to the article, the conflicting problems and difficulties of fiscal federalism may manifest as a misalignment between the functions of the different levels of government and the sources of money. According to the paper's conclusion and recommendations, it is important to make sure that revenue allocation encourages state and local governments to increase internal revenue generation rather than relying only on funding from In order to clearly define the duties to be carried out by each level of government, the federation account and intergovernmental relations issues should be examined and respected.

Divorce is a complex social phenomenon with significant impacts on families, especially children. In Islamic law, divorce is permitted as a last resort when household life cannot be maintained, although it is considered the most hated lawful act by Allah. This study analyzes divorce from the perspective of Islamic family law, focusing on the causal factors, legal impacts, and preventive measures. The main factors of divorce include disharmony in relationships, economic problems, the presence of a third party, and domestic violence. The legal impacts include child custody, division of property, and maintenance obligations, which are often not fulfilled by the ex-husband, causing inequality in legal protection for women and children. Recommended preventive measures include premarital education, family counseling based on Islamic values, and strengthening mediation institutions such as BP4. This study uses qualitative methods with literature analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of divorce in Islamic law and its implications in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the results of initial observations in class II of SD IT Asy-Syifa' Bayung Lencir which experienced problems in the form of low student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects which also became the main motivation in this research, so that it is necessary to use learning tools or media that can increase student involvement and understanding of the material being taught. The purpose of the study was to describe the application of the concrete object teaching aid media learning method to improve the learning outcomes of class II students at the Asy-Syifa' Bayung Lencir Integrated Islamic Elementary School. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with the aim of determining the increase in student learning outcomes by using concrete object learning media. The results of the study showed that the application of the concrete object teaching aid media learning method can improve the learning outcomes of class II students at the Asy-Syifa' Bayung Lencir Integrated Islamic Elementary School. The learning outcomes of class II students at the Asy-Syifa Bayung Lencir Integrated Islamic Elementary School in cycle I were 72.29 with a percentage of completion of 54.17%. These results are still below the completion standard, which is> 75% and the learning objectives have not been achieved. Furthermore, the average mathematics learning outcomes of grade II students at SD Islam Terpadu Asy-Syifa Bayung Lencir in cycle II were 79.79 with a completion percentage of 87.50%. These results are above the completion standard, which is > 75% and the learning objectives have been achieved.

Regardless of ethnicity, gender, or social standing, poverty and injustice are twain plaques that are ruining lives and undermining the core of existence, according to the examiner. As a result of the unimaginable devastation, world leaders and As societal systems are being exhausted, policymakers are searching for solutions; mobility rates have increased, and the discourse surrounding income distribution is tainted. While other nations who are severely overburdened are struggling to understand the realities of these economic thunderbolts, others that have recognized these terrible patterns are formulating plans to counter the escalating threat. The purpose of the study is to look into the causes and antecedent effects of poverty on the Nigerian economy because, in spite of the admirable efforts made by the federal, state, and local governments to reduce and eradicate poverty, the nation is still plagued by widespread poverty and issues with property and life insecurity, endangering the nation's ability to remain an indivisible whole. Although there are more than a billion people in Africa, Nearly half of the population is impoverished and at risk, and this number is still rising (World Population Review, 2014). With a population of more than 170 million, Nigeria is battling not only poverty but also a host of other problems, such as a lack of capable leaders, corruption, deteriorating infrastructure, and problems with nutrition and health. In order to gather data, the study used a descriptive technique with questionnaires; 80 questionnaires were recovered and 120 were randomly dispersed to the respondents. According to the findings, poverty has increased, which has resulted in incidents like armed robberies, prostitution, bombings, and insecurity of life and property. The document makes several recommendations, including that the government develop workable programs and give young people the tools they need to become self-sufficient.

This research aims to describe students' difficulties in solving equations and inequalities. This type of research is descriptive using a qualitative approach. Based on the discussion and research results, it can be concluded that the errors that students often make in this material are errors at the reading and transformation stages. In addition, students also often make mistakes at the process skill stage, namely errors in understanding the problem, understanding the concept, determining the correct formula, and performing the calculation process. The factors that cause students to make mistakes are that students are less precise in determining known and questionable information, less precise in compiling problem solving steps, less precise in using formulas, less precise in writing the steps of completion, less precise in performing correct calculations, not determining the conclusion of what is asked, and not re-examining the results of the answers that have been done.

This study aims to describe the difficulties of mathematics education students in solving mathematical induction problems in terms of concept understanding and calculation aspects. This type of research is descriptive using a qualitative approach. Based on the results of data processing, conclusions can be drawn, namely: (1) Concept errors, namely errors made by students because they do not understand the concept well. (2) Strategy error, which is an error that occurs because students choose the wrong way to work. (3) Calculation errors, namely errors in performing mathematical operations. Systematic errors, which are errors related to the wrong selection of extrapolation techniques. (4) Of the 10 mathematics education students, the data description of the research results shows an average in the normal category, namely 53%. Translated with DeepL.com (free version).

This research aims to analyze students' learning difficulties  in solving mathematical problems, especially in mixed arithmetic operations at the elementary school level. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which collects and analyzes relevant previous research. The research results show that most students have difficulty in understanding questions and doing arithmetic operations, especially in the arithmetic operations section (90% of students have difficulties). Common mistakes include errors in concepts, procedures, and operations, caused by lack of understanding, inaccuracy, and confusion in the order of processing questions. Internal factors such as attitude and motivation as well as external factors such as ineffective teaching methods also affect this difficulty. This research suggests solutions in the form of improving arithmetic exercises, improving the understanding of basic mathematical concepts, using relevant learning media, as well as guidance and remedial for students with difficulties. A creative learning approach is needed to overcome this challenge.

Penarukan Village, located in Tabanan Regency, is predominantly inhabited by communities engaged in freshwater fish farming, particularly Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The high demand for Nile tilapia in Tabanan and surrounding areas poses a challenge for farmers to manage the growth and development of the fish to ensure optimal quality. During the cultivation process, various issues arise that require effective solutions to support the sustainability of this sector. One of the main problems faced by fish farmers is related to the quality of biofloc pond water, which is still monitored using conventional methods. Poor water quality that does not meet the optimal living standards for Nile tilapia can hinder growth, reduce fish health, and negatively impact production yield. Manual monitoring methods are also prone to inaccuracy and complicate the data analysis process needed for effective decision-making.To address this issue, a technology-based solution has been proposed in the form of a real-time monitoring system using the “SI-NILA” mobile application integrated with a microcontroller-based Internet of Things (IoT) system. This system allows for continuous monitoring of pond water quality and automated pH control to maintain suitable conditions for fish growth. This innovation is expected to improve efficiency and effectiveness in fish farming practices, minimize the risk of crop failure, and promote the digital transformation of aquaculture in Penarukan Village, contributing to the sustainable development of the freshwater aquaculture sector.

The objective of this study is to highlight the role of information technology in improving decision-making at the General Company for Electrical Industries in Baghdad. To achieve the study’s objectives, a questionnaire consisting of 30 items was prepared and distributed to department heads and specialized employees. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. This study concluded that analyzing cost accounting methods considering technological development is one of the most important approaches for providing the necessary information to solve problems. Additionally, information technology facilitates communication, coordination, and the exchange of information between various departments and the external environment, while also providing accurate, appropriate, and sufficient information at the right time, thereby contributing to an improved decision-making process.

Bullying is one of the problems that often arise in the school environment and is a serious problem in education. In this case, the role of schools as educational institutions in preventing this problem is needed. Teachers as the main actors of the educational process are highly responsible for creating a safe and comfortable learning environment for all students. This study aims to determine the duties of teachers and provide strategic recommendations to improve the effectiveness of dealing with bullying in schools. This study also contributes to the development of more effective educational policies in the prevention and treatment of bullying cases at the secondary school level. The research method in this study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data recording techniques were conducted by in-depth observation and document analysis in relation to school guidelines related to bullying. Teachers have a huge influence in preventing bullying with important outcomes such as the creation of a respectful and safe school culture, increased student understanding of the dangers of bullying, positive changes in student behavior, increased courage to report bullying cases, and improved quality of life for students. Thus, providing support to teachers in bullying prevention efforts is fundamental to building a positive learning environment and effectively addressing bullying issues in schools..

Antutan Village faces soil fertility problems due to high acidity caused by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers without being balanced with organic matter. This has resulted in low agricultural productivity, especially in rice and cocoa crops. As an alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and economical, Jadam Liquid Fertilizer (JLF) was introduced to farmers through socialization and demonstration activities. This activity aims to increase farmers' understanding of the benefits of organic fertilizer in improving soil fertility and provide skills in the manufacture and application of JLF independently. The method used in this activity includes the delivery of material on the negative impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the importance of microorganisms in the soil, and the technique of making JLF using local materials such as weeds, rice straw, and banana stump. Live demonstrations were conducted to show the fermentation process as well as how to apply JLF on farmland. Farmers were given the opportunity to actively participate in every stage of JLF production and application.The results showed a positive response from farmers who were interested in adopting this technology as an alternative to organic fertilizer. With this socialization and demonstration, it is expected that farmers can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility in a sustainable manner. The application of JLF is expected to be the first step in the development of sustainable agriculture in Antutan Village.

Reading literacy skills are essential for all teachers, including mathematics teachers. Reading literacy is not only about the ability to comprehend texts but also plays a crucial role in supporting critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and problem-solving in the learning process. Acknowledging its importance, the author conducted a community service activity in the form of a training program aimed at strengthening reading literacy skills among junior high school mathematics teachers in Moa District. The training was held on Thursday, October 17, 2024, at the PSDKU Hall of Pattimura University, Southwest Maluku Regency Campus. A total of 17 junior high school mathematics teachers from Moa District participated in the activity.The training methods included the presentation of reading literacy materials in the context of mathematics learning, group discussions, and hands-on practice in analyzing and developing literacy-based math problems. The success of the training was measured using two instruments: a questionnaire assessing participants’ understanding of the material and a test measuring their reading literacy skills before and after the training. Data analysis revealed that participants generally felt they understood the material presented. Moreover, there was a noticeable improvement in their reading literacy skills following the training. These results indicate that the training was conducted effectively and achieved its intended objectives. This activity is expected to have a positive impact on improving the quality of mathematics instruction in schools by enhancing teachers' reading literacy as a key component in facilitating student learning.

AbstractThe Christian home is like a vast ocean to be crossed. On the journey across the vast ocean,sometimes you will experience calm, but often it will be turbulent, through typhoons, filled withrocks and icebergs. However, many arks of Christian households are sunk or divorced because ofhitting rocks or complicated problems, and innocent children remain as victims. This happensbecause of the lack of preparation that is carried out before entering the household or also becauseof the lack of preparation that is carried out before entering the household or also because of a lackof vigilance in living a household life, it is necessary to provide God's providence in the household.Therefore, the author uses an inductive method in the form of literary studies as the theologicalbasis for God's providence in marriage for the happiness of Christian households

Abstract: God tests a person's faith through problems that come repeatedly in life. God is sovereign and incontrol of every human life, history, existence and order of the universe. God's extraordinaryinvolvement in human life, especially in the book of Job, is in the form of providence or God's careand provision for Job. The book of Job discusses how Job experienced God's extraordinaryprovidence in his life and family. The author uses the literature study method to describe the form ofGod's providence in the book of Job. Through literature studies by reading books, the author canformulate a useful view of the existence of God in the book of Job

AbstractThe success of the child's growth and development process is an important task for parents inaccompanying and guiding children to reach the top of the destiny of every talent, passion andlonging to be realized. With world conditions that are not getting better, even if technology is gettingbetter and even starting to replace the roles and functions of humans in carrying out the process ofdaily activities. It really creates a lot of new problems, especially for the future generations of God'schurch in the future. Parents as the holder of an important role in the process of growth anddevelopment and formation of children's character are expected to become a dependent place forchildren in the world as representatives of God on earth. The author uses the literature studymethod to describe the form of God's intervention in parental involvement in the learning style of theSelf-Learning Generation (Homeschooling). Through literature studies by reading books, the authorcan formulate a useful view of God's intervention in parental involvement in the Learning Style ofthe Independent Learning Generation (Homeschooling)

Christian education is essential and crucial in building a solid character among Christians. Because of the problems that arise and are not avoided, moral degradation continues to increase. Therefore, the church's efforts in transforming Christianity and Christian education offer a profound moral and spiritual life foundation for individuals to grow in faith and develop a personality that reflects the teachings of Christ. The purpose of this study is for Christian education to be the primary tool in shaping character through teaching gospel values, fostering spiritual disciplines, and developing a supportive faith community. With a focus on building strong character, Christian education also plays a role in preparing individuals to serve and become agents of change in the church and society. Using a descriptive qualitative method, it can be concluded that Christian education is a role model for stimulating transformation in social society. First, the importance of understanding Christianity related to the theoretical study of character and its challenges. This is required so that the role of Christian education has the primary purpose of shaping character. So that it can actualize the wishes of the church in Christian education as an effort to transform Christianity

Toddlers are a vulnerable group prone to health problems and malnutrition due to their rapid growth and high nutritional needs. Nutritional status serves as an indicator of adequate dietary intake, commonly assessed through weight and height measurements. Malnutrition, particularly among children aged 2-5 years, often occurs as they transition to family diets while maintaining high physical activity levels. Appropriate complementary feeding starting at six months (MP-ASI) is essential to support optimal growth and development. The Complementary Feeding Program includes porridge for infants aged 6-11 months and biscuits for children aged 12-24 months, aiming to improve nutritional status, especially among low-income families. Supplementary feeding (PMT) is an intervention designed to enhance the nutritional status of malnourished children without replacing their main daily meals. This study aims to examine the effect of the supplementary feeding program on weight changes among malnourished infants aged 6-11 months at the Tiley Health Center. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used with total sampling of 20 mothers with malnourished infants. Data were collected using questionnaires and weight observation sheets and analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed a significant effect (p < 0.05), indicating that the supplementary feeding program improves infants’ weight.

Online gambling has increasingly become a major social issue, particularly in the context of family and marital stability. This study aims to explore and analyze the impact of online gambling addiction on marital relationships, with a focus on the causes leading to divorce. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with individuals and couples who had experienced divorce as a direct consequence of one partner’s online gambling behavior. The results of this study reveal that online gambling addiction significantly contributes to financial instability, emotional distance, repeated conflicts, and the eventual breakdown of communication and trust within the relationship. Many participants reported experiencing feelings of betrayal, frustration, and emotional exhaustion due to the compulsive gambling behavior of their partners. In several cases, gambling debts resulted in the sale of family assets and prolonged financial insecurity, which further strained the relationship. Moreover, the secrecy surrounding gambling activities often led to the erosion of mutual respect and transparency between spouses. This research underscores the urgent need for public education and policy intervention to mitigate the negative effects of online gambling on families. Support systems such as counseling, rehabilitation programs, and financial planning services are crucial to help affected individuals recover and rebuild their lives. By shedding light on the destructive nature of online gambling on family dynamics, this study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on mental health, addiction, and the preservation of marital stability in the digital age.