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Social and emotional problems in students can have a significant impact on their academic development and psychological well-being. Comprehensive assessment of social-emotional aspects is essential in the context of modern education. This article discusses the use of non-test instruments as effective assessment tools to identify social and emotional problems in students. Through a review of current literature, the types, characteristics, advantages, and challenges of using non-test instruments such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and reflective journals are explained. Implications for the role of teachers and counselors are also examined, with an emphasis on the importance of training and institutional support so that assessment can be carried out optimally. The results of the study indicate that non-test instruments can support a more humanistic holistic assessment approach that is responsive to students' needs. This article recommends the integration of social-emotional assessment into school policies and the improvement of educators' professional capacity as strategic steps in supporting students' sustainable social-emotional development.

Low student learning motivation is one of the main obstacles that affect the smoothness and success of the learning process. To overcome this, a classroom management strategy is needed that not only focuses on technical management, but also considers the psychological aspects of students. This paper reviews the application of management strategies based on psychological principles in order to improve student learning motivation. Through this approach, teachers are expected to be able to recognize differences in student characteristics, help them manage their emotions, and create a positive and supportive learning atmosphere. The strategies discussed include individual understanding, providing appropriate learning encouragement, improving learning skills, managing emotions, and constructive assessments. The results of the discussion show that psychology-based management strategies are able to foster intrinsic learning motivation, increase student involvement in the classroom, and create a conducive learning climate. Thus, this approach can be used as an alternative solution in efforts to improve the quality of education.

This study aims to examine the implementation of management psychology in effective school management, highlighting the importance of psychological approaches in supporting teacher performance, educational staff welfare, and student engagement. Using a literature study method, data were collected from various academic sources in the last five years and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively to identify concepts, strategies, and the impact of management psychology in educational environments. The results of the study indicate that the application of management psychology principles such as democratic leadership, empathetic communication, and motivational reinforcement can create a conducive work climate, improve teacher performance, and support the effectiveness of overall school management. By understanding the psychological dynamics of individuals in schools, educational institutions can be more adaptive in facing challenges and creating a productive and holistic learning environment.

This study aims to determine the influence and magnitude of the influence of parenting programs on the formation of high self-esteem in early childhood at TK IT Insan Mulia Wonosobo. Using an ex post facto quantitative approach, data were obtained from 60 parents of children aged 5–6 years through questionnaires and observations. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant influence of parenting programs on the formation of children's self-esteem (Sig. value = 0.036 <0.05) with a contribution of 7.4%. Although significant, the effect was still low, indicating that 92.6% of children's self-esteem was also influenced by other factors such as the social environment and personal experiences. This finding reinforces the importance of active parental involvement in parenting as school partners in supporting children's psychological development.

This study analyzes the impact of employee welfare on working conditions at PT P, focusing on welfare policies and facilities such as health insurance, employment insurance, on-site clinic services, maternity leave, workload balance, and working hours. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through interviews and direct observation of several employees. The findings show that company-provided welfare positively influences working conditions. Health facilities and work protection increase employees' sense of security and comfort. In addition, fair working hours, sufficient rest time, and attention to both physical and psychological well-being enhance work motivation and employee loyalty. Employees feel appreciated when the company supports work-life balance, leading to a more productive, harmonious, and low-conflict work environment. The study concludes that employee welfare is a key factor in shaping the quality of the workplace. 

The phenomenon of victim blaming remains a serious issue in various cases of violence, including family conflicts. Children who experience physical, psychological, or neglect-related abuse often face not only violence but also social stigma that blames them for their circumstances. From a victimology perspective, victim blaming against children in family conflicts occurs due to factors such as patriarchal culture, power imbalances within the family, and a lack of legal awareness regarding children's rights. This study employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach to examine the phenomenon of victim blaming against children in family conflicts based on victimology theory. The findings reveal that victim blaming in family conflicts manifests in various forms, including justification of violence against children, minimization of the harm caused, and denial of the perpetrator's role. The psychological and social impacts of this phenomenon are extensive, leading to anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and difficulties in forming healthy social relationships. To address this issue, active involvement from families, educational institutions, and child protection organizations is crucial in providing education and advocacy for children's rights. Additionally, victimology perspectives can be utilized to develop policies that support victims, prevent the recurrence of family violence, and minimize the practice of victim blaming against children.

This study aims to determine the influence of the school environment on the academic performance of sixth-grade students at SDN Priuk. The school environment includes physical, social, and psychological aspects that are interconnected in shaping students' learning quality. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review, direct observation, and interviews with teachers, students, and parents. The results indicate that physical factors such as cleanliness, classroom comfort, and learning facilities significantly affect students' concentration and enthusiasm for learning. In addition, a positive social environment—marked by harmonious relationships among students, teachers, and peers—encourages enjoyable learning interactions and supports student motivation. The psychological aspect also plays a crucial role; students who feel emotionally supported and recognized for their achievements tend to have higher intrinsic motivation and better academic performance. This study recommends that schools continuously improve the quality of the learning environment in all three aspects to create a more conducive atmosphere for students’ academic growth and success..

Improving organizational performance is a crucial issue in the era of increasingly dynamic and competitive globalization. This study aims to explore the role of management psychology in improving organizational performance, focusing on factors such as motivation, group dynamics, and organizational culture. The research method used is a literature review, by collecting and analyzing data from various sources such as books, journals, and scientific articles. The results of the study indicate that strategic planning, human resource development, and the application of information technology are important factors in improving organizational performance. In addition, a positive organizational culture and effective leadership also contribute significantly to improving performance. This study fills the literature gap by emphasizing the importance of psychological aspects in performance management, which are often overlooked in previous studies.

This study conducts an in-depth examination of 87 mixed-method studies that address war-related trauma in the Middle East over the past two decades (2000–2023), employing a systematic methodological meta-synthesis approach to formulate a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of armed conflict on affected populations. Quantitative findings indicate an exceedingly high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reaching 73.4% among war refugees (n = 12,456), accompanied by significant comorbidity rates in the form of depression (68.2%) and anxiety disorders (59.7%), both of which clinically exacerbate recovery prognosis. Meanwhile, the thematic qualitative analysis successfully identified five principal dimensions of recurrent traumatic experiences, namely direct exposure to violence (82.3%), the loss of family members (76.9%), forced displacement (71.4%), existential uncertainty regarding the future (68.9%), and the disintegration of social cohesion within affected communities (65.2%). A comprehensive integration of quantitative and qualitative data reveals a substantial correlation between the duration of conflict exposure and the severity of PTSD (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), indicating a linear association between the chronicity of war experiences and the intensity of psychological trauma. Through meta-regression, this study also identifies several statistically significant protective variables that reinforce both individual and collective resilience, including the presence of family support (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), the intensity of religiosity (β = 0.38, p < 0.01), and the strength of community resilience (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), all of which function as moderating factors of traumatic impact. In contrast to the narrow focus of Storozhuk et al. (2023) and Boeije et al. (2013), who emphasized individual trauma, this study advances a broadened paradigm by exploring the collective dimensions of war trauma made possible through an integrative methodological design. While Zerach and Solomon (2016) previously proposed three core categories of traumatic experience, the present study expands the conceptual spectrum by identifying two additional themes and unveiling the complex network of interrelations among trauma elements. The principal novelty of this study lies in the formulation of an integrative model of war trauma that not only theoretically unifies individual and collective dynamics but also constructs a new methodological framework that may serve as a reference point for trauma research in conflict-affected regions marked by the volatile and multidimensional sociopolitical context of the Middle East.

Designing a user interface (UI) requires a deep understanding of how users think and interact with systems. This study explores the psychological and physiological aspects that influence user interaction with UI, such as perception, cognitive load, reaction time, and ergonomic factors. Through literature analysis and UI usability testing, this paper identifies design principles that enhance user experience by aligning interface structures with human capabilities. The results show that interfaces built with attention to psychological factors like user memory and attention span, as well as physiological aspects such as eye movement and hand positioning, significantly improve user satisfaction and efficiency.

Indonesia is known as an archipelago located on the Ring of Fire, which is the confluence of three major tectonic plates, namely Indo Australia, Eurasia and the Pacific. This causes Indonesia to be an area at risk of experiencing various kinds of natural disasters. The elderly are one of the groups of people who are most vulnerable to the high psychological impact of natural disasters. Resilience in times of crisis is an important psychological ability in individuals, especially the elderly, because it is expected to make individuals strong and able to adapt to changes in conditions that occur in their lives. elderly, because it is expected to make individuals strong and able to adapt to changes in conditions that occur well. Resilience is a personal trait that refers to positive adaptation and reducing negative influences and stressors so that individuals can improve mentally and maintain their health despite experiencing severe problems. The purpose of this study is to determine and explore various images of resilience and to find out the importance of resilience for the elderly in dealing with disasters. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method where the literature related to the research will be analyzed and synthesized. The results and conclusions of this study are that the many types of natural disasters that occur in Indonesia make people from every group, especially the elderly, have resilience. The literature analyzed is literature published on Google Scholar, ISSN standardized and published between 2019 and 2024. The number of literature analyzed in this study was 8 literature.  The results of this study are a description of the resilience of the elderly consisting of several categories / levels of resilience, things that affect resilience, how the elderly adjust, and elderly preparedness for natural disasters. In addition, this study concluded that resilience is important for the elderly to deal with natural disasters.

Female prisoners at Class IIA Gowa Correctional Facility face complex psychological challenges, such as guilt, trauma, and social isolation, which have the potential to reduce awareness of the importance of mental health. This community service program aims to increase mental health awareness through an educational and therapeutic approach based on Forgiveness Therapy and Resilience Training. Activities are carried out through three stages: problem identification and coordination with the prison, intervention implementation, and evaluation of results. Participatory methods are used to build active involvement of prisoners, with techniques such as group discussions, positive affirmations, Butterfly Hug, and emotional journal writing. The results showed an increase in participants' understanding of mental health, ability to forgive themselves, and resilience in dealing with life pressures. In conclusion, this intervention is effective in supporting the emotional recovery of prisoners and has the potential to become a model of psychosocial services that can be replicated in other correctional institutions.

Female prisoners at Class IIA Gowa Correctional Facility face complex psychological challenges, such as guilt, trauma, and social isolation, which have the potential to reduce awareness of the importance of mental health. This community service program aims to increase mental health awareness through an educational and therapeutic approach based on Forgiveness Therapy and Resilience Training. Activities are carried out through three stages: problem identification and coordination with the prison, intervention implementation, and evaluation of results. Participatory methods are used to build active involvement of prisoners, with techniques such as group discussions, positive affirmations, Butterfly Hug, and emotional journal writing. The results showed an increase in participants' understanding of mental health, ability to forgive themselves, and resilience in dealing with life pressures. In conclusion, this intervention is effective in supporting the emotional recovery of prisoners and has the potential to become a model of psychosocial services that can be replicated in other correctional institutions.

Adolescent obesity is an increasingly global public health concern, including in Indonesia. Fast food consumption characterized by high calories, fat, sugar, and sodium with low essential nutrients has been identified as a major contributing factor. This study aimed to analyze the association between fast food consumption and obesity in adolescents and evaluate other influencing factors such as socioeconomic status, physical activity, and psychological aspects. This descriptive analytical literature review used secondary data sourced from journals, books, and research reports, obtained through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings indicate a significant relationship between fast food consumption and increased obesity risk among adolescents. Socio-cultural influences, including advertising and accessibility, also shape dietary habits. Implications suggest the need for stricter fast food advertising regulations, improved nutrition education, and policies limiting fast food availability around adolescents. Routine fast food consumption has been proven to elevate obesity risk, underscoring the urgency of promoting healthy lifestyles and reducing fast food accessibility as preventive strategies.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between decision making and management psychology, especially in the context of organizations and education. The research method used is a systematic literature study with a qualitative approach, collecting and analyzing data from sources such as books, journals, and previous research. The results of the study indicate that optimal decision making is influenced by the leader's ability to manage emotions, adaptive leadership style, and understanding of the psychological dynamics of individuals and groups. In the context of education, the integration of management psychology through the application of motivational principles, psychological test-based selection, and curriculum development has been shown to increase the effectiveness of decision making. The discussion underlines the importance of a holistic approach that combines technical aspects of management with psychological understanding to create an efficient and results-oriented organizational and educational environment.    

Old age is a challenging phase of life, characterized by physical, social and psychological changes that often affect the emotional well-being of the elderly. Loneliness, loss of meaning in life, and prolonged stress are often experienced, especially by those living in nursing homes. One effective approach to overcome this is reminiscence therapy, which is an activity of remembering and retelling past experiences. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods to explore how memories of youth can be a source of emotional strength for the elderly. In-depth interviews were conducted with several elderly people in nursing homes. The results revealed that reminiscing about the past had a positive impact on their psychological state. Three main themes were found: (1) memories of youth foster happiness and nostalgia, (2) life achievements foster a sense of pride and self-identity, and (3) life value is gained through social relationships, spirituality, and acceptance. This process strengthens the emotional resilience of the elderly and improves quality of life. Thus, reminiscing about the past is not just nostalgia, but an important psychosocial intervention. Reminiscence therapy is recommended to be implemented routinely as part of efforts to improve the mental well-being of older adults in nursing homes.

This study explores the psychosocial determinants influencing postpartum contraception selection through a comprehensive approach. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 respondents in Bogor Regency, using purposive sampling via Google Forms. Research instruments included the Knowledge Questionnaire on Postpartum Contraception (KQPC) and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) to analyze factors influencing contraception decisions. Research findings demonstrate that knowledge levels, locus of control, economic status, and education significantly impact contraception method selection. Respondents with high knowledge were more likely to choose modern contraception methods (78.3%), while those with low knowledge preferred traditional methods (45.8%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that contraception knowledge contributed most significantly with an odds ratio of 2.512. The study emphasizes the need for personalized approaches in contraception counseling, considering biological, psychological, social, and economic factors. Key recommendations include developing comprehensive educational programs, professional health training, and designing reproductive health policies responsive to individual needs.  

A hoax or fake news on social media refers to information that is spread with the intent to mislead or confuse people, often without valid factual basis. This phenomenon has become increasingly prevalent, especially on platforms like Facebook, where information can spread quickly. Therefore, the way to recognize and combat hoaxes on social media, particularly Facebook, is by carefully checking the source of information, verifying facts through trustworthy websites, and being cautious of sensational headlines and images that seem relevant. Additionally, checking the date and time of the information is crucial to avoid falling for outdated or manipulated content. In this context, verification plays a vital role in helping users be more discerning when filtering news and preventing the spread of hoaxes. If we fail to recognize or combat hoax dissemination, the impact can be highly detrimental to individuals and society, leading to confusion, panic, and both material and psychological harm. Therefore, raising awareness and media literacy among the public is essential to reduce the negative impact of hoaxes, encouraging people to be more critical and responsible in sharing information.

The phenomenon of flexing, or showcasing achievements and lifestyle excessively on social media, has become an increasingly common trend among Generation Z. This study explores the relationship between self-esteem and flexing behavior, along with its impact on identity formation and mental health. Individuals with high self-esteem tend to share their accomplishments as a form of self-appreciation. However, without adequate emotional awareness and self-regulation, this behavior can escalate into narcissism and a dependence on external validation. Generation Z utilizes social media, especially Instagram, as a medium for self-expression, identity construction, and social recognition. In the context of jogging activities, posts on social media are not merely for showing off but serve as personal documentation, motivation, and inspiration for others. Jogging is not only viewed as a physical activity but also as a part of modern lifestyle and status symbol, often displayed through branded sportswear, smart devices, and aesthetic locations. Nevertheless, social pressure to maintain a certain image through social media can lead to psychological impacts such as identity crises, insecurity, and social stress. Previous research indicates that flexing behavior is driven by a desire for recognition, feelings of insecurity, obsession with others' possessions, and social pressure. Despite its negative sides, flexing also has potential positive effects, such as enhancing motivation to exercise, promoting healthy lifestyles, and strengthening supportive digital communities. Regular jogging has been proven to improve mental and physical health, including reducing anxiety and improving mood. Therefore, a healthy self-concept, emotional intelligence, and digital literacy are crucial for fostering responsible social media behavior. Generation Z must be equipped with critical awareness to distinguish between authentic self-expression and the illusion of recognition in today’s visually driven digital era.

This study focuses on understanding the experiences of early adult women whose parents got divorced. The research emploed a qualitative method through a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who met specific criteria, namely early adult women aged 18–25 years, with a background of parental divorce that occurred at least five years ago, currently unmarried or not in a marital relationship, and willing to participate in the study. The data analysis technique applied in this research is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Interviews were used as the method for collecting data from the participants. The findings of this study revealed six superordinate themes: family dynamics and the root causes of parental divorce, psychological and emotional impacts of divorce, coping strategies and adaptation processes, views on marriage, personal growth and future aspirations, and partners as new sources of emotional support.