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Increasingly advanced developments have raised society's demands for quality education, forcing schools to manage their finances more effectively, efficiently, and transparently. Applying appropriate financial management principles is very important to ensure that funds are used optimally, to support the quality of education, and to build trust among all stakeholders. This research examines the principles of financial management in schools, focusing on transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency in managing educational funds. This research uses a literature review method with data collected from various academic sources such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ProQuest. The collected data was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Source triangulation was used to test the validity of the data. The results of this research underscore the importance of implementing the principles of transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency in school finance management. 1) Transparency ensures the disclosure of financial information to all stakeholders. 2) Accountability requires clear responsibility in the management of funds. 3) Effectiveness is determined by the extent to which funds support the achievement of educational goals, and 4) Efficiency emphasizes the optimal use of resources at minimal cost. By applying these financial management principles, schools can build trust, maximize returns on expenditures, and ensure that educational services are of high quality and sustainable. Proper application of these principles is an essential step for the success and sustainability of schools.

Having good communication skills can make someone easily accepted in an organization and will get a positive response in the communication that has been built. The purpose of this study was to see if there is a significant influence between Student Engagement and Student Communication Skills. The research method used is a quantitative research method. Data were collected through a google form using a Likert scale of 1-5 from 62 respondents from the Dharmaduta Department Student Association of the Raden Wijaya State Buddhist College which will later be tested for validity, reliability, and hypothesis influence. The results of the study using a simple linear regression test showed a significant value (Sig.) for student engagement (X) of 0.000 and R Square of 0.409, a significant value <0.05 so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that student engagement has a significant effect on communication skills. Based on these results, it can be concluded that student engagement has a role in shaping student communication skills by 40.9%.

Many students find it difficult to connect abstract mathematical concepts with real-world applications, leading to limited problem-solving and modeling skills. This study aimed to develop a real-world problem-based mathematics module designed to enhance students’ mathematical modeling abilities. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate the research involved secondary school students enrolled in mathematics classes. The Define stage identified learning difficulties and needs, while the Design and Develop stages focused on creating, validating, and refining a contextual mathematics module based on expert feedback. Quantitative data were collected through expert validation sheets, mathematical modeling tests, and student response questionnaires. The results demonstrated that the developed module achieved a high level of content and design validity, confirming its appropriateness for classroom use. Student responses indicated strong practicality and engagement during implementation. The effectiveness analysis showed a 28% improvement in mathematical modeling skills after the intervention, as evidenced by increased post-test scores and positive student feedback. Compared to traditional textbook-based instruction, the module proved more effective in fostering conceptual understanding, analytical reasoning, and real-world application of mathematics. In conclusion, the developed real-world problem-based module successfully bridges the gap between theoretical mathematics and authentic contexts, providing an innovative framework to cultivate modeling competence and critical thinking among students.

Islamic religious education not only functions to shape the faith and morals of students, but also has a strategic role in encouraging independence and economic empowerment of the community. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic religious education in Padangsidimpuan District. Hutaimbaru , Contribution of economic empowerment to the Hutaimbaru community , as well as supporting and inhibiting factors of economic empowerment for the Hutaimbaru community . This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research subjects include religious leaders, educators or instructors of Islamic Religious Education, community leaders, and micro-entrepreneurs who were selected purposively based on their involvement in religious and economic activities. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation as supporting data. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, with data validity maintained through triangulation techniques. The results of the study indicate that Islamic religious education plays a role in instilling the values of hard work, honesty, responsibility, and entrepreneurial spirit which are the foundation for strengthening the people's economy. Optimization is carried out through religious studies, religious guidance, social preaching, and strengthening Islamic economic values in everyday life. Obstacles faced include limited capital, low business skills, and less than optimal sustainable mentoring. Therefore, synergy is needed between educational institutions, religious leaders, and the government to strengthen the economic empowerment of the people based on Islamic values.

This study aims to determine the feasibility and impact of virtual laboratories in learning the material of innovation in biological technology (biotechnology) for high school students in grade X. The feasibility assessment was carried out by three expert validators using a questionnaire instrument that measured aspects of material, media, and language and based on readability tests by teachers and students. The results of the study showed that the percentage of validity of the Virtual Laboratory from material experts was 95%, media experts 83%, language experts 90% with the third category being "Very Feasible". The results of the readability test from teachers obtained a percentage of 96% while the results of the readability test from students obtained a percentage of 99%. These results indicate that the Virtual Laboratory is Feasible and Practical to be used for biology learning, especially biotechnology material. The results of the teacher response test on the use of Virtual Laboratory showed a percentage of 95% while the results of the student response test were 75%. The results of the T test showed that Virtual Laboratory had a significant effect on students' conceptual understanding with a significance of 0.001. These results indicate that Virtual Laboratory is effective in improving students' conceptual understanding, especially in biotechnology material.

This study aims to determine the effect of supervision and work discipline on employee productivity at the Social Service Office in Ambon City. This research uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 35 respondents working at the Social Service Office in Ambon City. Data analysis techniques used include validity tests, reliability tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that supervision has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. In addition, work discipline also significantly influences employee productivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that good supervision and a high level of work discipline can improve employee productivity at the Social Service Office in Ambon City. This study provides important implications for organizations to pay attention to effective supervision and efforts to enhance work discipline to improve employee productivity.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tridharma perguruan tinggi on the performance of millennial lecturers. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method involving 385 millennial lecturers from 30 universities under LLDIKTI Region III Jakarta, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The outer model test results indicate that all indicators have loading factor values above 0.70 and AVE values greater than 0.5, confirming convergent validity. The reliability test using Composite Reliability yielded values above 0.962, and Cronbach's Alpha exceeded 0.951, indicating strong internal consistency. The results show that tridharma perguruan tinggi have significant effects on lecturer performance. This research provides implications for human resource development in higher education institutions, particularly in nurturing adaptive and productive young lecturers.

This study aims to determine the influence of principal leadership and motivation on teacher performance in public junior high schools (SMP) in Keluang District, Musi Banyuasin Regency. The background of this research lies in the crucial role of school principals as leaders who guide, direct, and motivate teachers to carry out their duties and responsibilities effectively. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of all public junior high school teachers in Keluang District, with samples selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the effect of leadership and motivation variables on teacher performance. The results revealed that principal leadership had a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, meaning that better leadership skills in managing and directing schools lead to higher teacher performance. Likewise, work motivation had a positive and significant impact on teacher performance, indicating that highly motivated teachers tend to be more disciplined, creative, and productive in their work. Simultaneously, principal leadership and teacher motivation significantly contributed to improving teacher performance in public junior high schools in Keluang District. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening school leadership capacity and enhancing teacher motivation as key efforts to improve the overall quality of education.

The study aims to determine whether partially and simultaneously there is a positive and significant influence of the independent variables—price, promotion, and brand image—on the dependent variable, which is the purchase decision. The population in this research consists of Honda motorcycle consumers in Purworejo Regency. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, with a total sample size of 100 respondents. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires with alternative answer choices based on a Likert scale consisting of 5 options. The questionnaires were pre-tested and fulfilled the requirements for validity and reliability.The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis through t-tests and F-tests. The independent variables are price, promotion, and brand image, while the dependent variable is the purchase decision. The results of the study show that, partially, price has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions; promotion has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions; and brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. Simultaneously, price, promotion, and brand image collectively have a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions.

This study uses a qualitative approach that describes the object studied through the process of exploring facts and data on objects in the field as they are, to achieve these objectives, data is needed that is excavated from an in-depth observation process with the principal, vice principal, head of the welding and metal fabrication engineering expertise program and teachers of productive subjects. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation methods. The results of the study indicate that the suitability of students' technical and non-technical competencies with industry needs greatly determines the success rate of graduates in the workforce. Relevant competencies, such as mastery of modern welding technology and soft skills such as communication and teamwork, are key factors. In addition, it was found that aligning the curriculum with industry standards and the active involvement of industry partners through internship programs contributed significantly to improving the quality of graduates. This study recommends strengthening cooperation between vocational schools and the industrial world and developing training programs based on labor market needs.

This study explores the development of integrated language skills assessment instruments for Korean as a foreign language (KFL) learners in higher education, addressing the need for tools that reflect real-world communicative demands. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Bachman and Palmer's Communicative Language Ability model[1] and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory[2], the research employed a mixed-methods approach, including needs analysis[6], corpus studies, and pilot testing. The research process involved three primary phases: First, a comprehensive needs analysis was conducted among KFL instructors and students to identify assessment gaps and priorities. Second, authentic Korean language materials were collected to create a corpus that informed the development of contextualized assessment tasks. Finally, the instruments underwent rigorous pilot testing with 127 KFL students across three Indonesian universities.The developed assessment instruments integrate reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills through task-based scenarios that mirror authentic Korean language use contexts. These include collaborative problem-solving activities, multimedia-based comprehension tasks, and culturally situated role-plays. Statistical analysis demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (r=0.87) and construct validity when compared with established Korean proficiency measures.Results demonstrated the instruments' reliability, validity, and cultural relevance, fostering holistic skill development and promoting positive washback on teaching and learning practices. Implementation of these instruments led to significant improvements in students' integrated language performance and motivation. The study contributes to the field of Korean language assessment by providing empirically validated tools that bridge classroom learning with real-world language application in higher education contexts.

This study aims to find out and analyze the Marketing Strategy of Event Marketing and Cross Selling on the Increase in Sales and Purchase Decisions on the product Keke Busana in Lamongan. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study is all visitors and customers who make purchases at the Keke Jetis Lamongan Terrace. The sampling method used in this study was random sampling of 86 respondents. The data analysis methods used in this study are  validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, determination coefficient test, t test and f test with the help of SPSS version 29. The results of this study show that there is a partially significant positive influence between the variables  of Event Marketing, Cross Selling on Sales Increase and Purchase Decisions of Keke Clothing products in Lamongan with the t value calculated > t table (t calculate X1 against Y1 = 2,647, X2 against Y1 = 5,800, while t calculate X1 against Y2 = 3,716 and X2 against Y2 = 4,917). Simultaneously, there was a significant positive influence between the variables of event marketing and cross selling on Y1 with  an F value of  54,970 > Ftable 4.87, and on Y2 = 56,066 >Ftable 4.87.In this study, the Cross Selling  variable has the most dominant influence on the Increase in Sales and Purchase Decisions of Keke Busana products in Lamongan.

The SQ-FFQ is a commonly used food consumption assessment method because it is quick, relatively inexpensive, simple, and can be self-administered by respondents. Each SQ-FFQ instrument developed should be validated for the target population to avoid overestimation of food consumption measurements. This study aims to determine the validity of the SQ-FFQ instrument as a tool for assessing food consumption. The 3 Days Food Record is used as the gold standard for comparison in the validity of the SQ-FFQ. Sampling was conducted using accidental sampling, with 30 student respondents. The Nutrisurvey application was used to determine the intake of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Meanwhile, for the diversity score, it was based on the IDDS (Individual Dietary Diversity Score) with a score scale of 0-9. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software with Pearson Correlation tests to examine the relationship between the two methods. The correlation coefficient values for all nutrients showed a significance level of <0.005, with the highest correlation coefficient found for energy intake (r=0.708, p<0.001) and the lowest for iron intake (r=0.412, p=0.024). The correlation test for consumption diversity showed a p-value of <0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.706, indicating a strong relationship between the SQ-FFQ method and the 3 Days EFR. The results of this study indicate that the SQ-FFQ method is a valid tool for measuring food intake and diversity among university students in Surabaya.

The research departs from the phenomenon of the development of Islamic boarding school education models with varying names and styles. Islamic boarding schools are faced with two important problems in adapting to the demands of the times, namely the problem of developing Islamic boarding school governance without abandoning tradition and the Islamic boarding school's identity in producing a generation with good morals. The research objectives are to identify the management of Sufistic curriculum development in Islamic boarding schools including; 1) Curriculum planning, 2) Curriculum organization, 3) Curriculum implementation, 4) Curriculum evaluation and 5) Impact of Islamic boarding school management in developing the Sufistic curriculum at Al-Istiqomah Islamic Boarding School and Al-Falah Biru Islamic Boarding School, Garut Regency. The research framework departs from George R. Terry's (1973) management theory, namely four management functions, namely: 1) Planning, 2) Organizing, 3) Actuating, 4) Controlling. The curriculum theory uses the Ralph W curriculum development model. Tyler curriculum development is carried out in systematic stages, namely; Objectives, Selecting Learning Experiences, Organizing Learning Experiences, Evaluation. Developing the Islamic boarding school curriculum has an impact on the morals of the students, as according to Sheikh Musthafa Al-Ghalayini, the implications of Sufistic moral values contribute to shaping behavior. This study uses a qualitative approach using the Ethnography method. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations and documentation analysis. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. While the validity test is carried out with data validity by conducting tests; credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of the study found that the management of the development of the Islamic boarding school curriculum in preparing a generation with Sufi morals: First, the Islamic boarding school curriculum is included in the traditionalist model of the school, namely by showing its traditional and school character. Second, the organization of the curriculum content consists of the contents of the curriculum, data, concepts, generalizations, and subject matter at the Islamic Boarding School. Third, Curriculum development is categorized as a grass roots model where there are initiatives and efforts coming from below, namely ustadz and Islamic boarding schools in developing a curriculum that is designed by themselves to produce a generation with Sufi morals. Fourth, Curriculum evaluation refers to the Objective Model Evaluation model (objective model) carried out at the end of curriculum development, this assessment activity is often called summative evaluation. Fifth, The impact of curriculum management on the level of morals is shown by the nature of istiqomah, self-control, prioritizing Islamic and basyariyah brotherhood, tolerance, honesty, sincerity, istiqomah, patience, gratitude, politeness and helping each other. Sixth, Traditionalist Hypothetical Management Model of the School.

This study examines the factors influencing customer retention at Surya Fresh MSMEs in Depok City, West Java. The primary issue identified is the instability of customer retention, which is mainly attributed to intense market competition, the rapid pace of digital marketing, and the evolving customer expectations in the modern business environment. This study aims to analyze the impact of product quality, e-service quality, and reward programs on customer retention, with relationship commitment as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed to test the relationships among variables. Primary data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire from 224 Surya Fresh customers using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the PLS-SEM method in SmartPLS, including validity, reliability, and structural model assessments. The findings indicate that product quality, e-service quality, and reward programs significantly influence relationship commitment and customer retention. Moreover, relationship commitment was found to mediate the effects of these three factors on customer retention, highlighting its importance in enhancing customer loyalty. High e-service quality, superior product quality, and attractive reward programs foster strong emotional connections with customers, which are crucial for sustaining long-term customer loyalty. The study concludes that product quality, e-service quality, and reward programs have a positive and significant impact on relationship commitment and customer retention at Surya Fresh. Relationship commitment is confirmed as a key mediator. To further improve retention, Surya Fresh should focus on enhancing product availability, administrative responsiveness, and offering diverse promotional programs. Future studies may apply this model in different industries and integrate qualitative methods for deeper insights.

Land purchase transactions in Indonesia, which often involve customary practices and are governed by law, require a written agreement, such as a Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB), to prevent conflicts. The PPJB binds both parties and is subject to civil law. In case of a breach of contract, the agreement may be canceled through the court. A breach of contract accompanied by fraud can result in criminal liability, and the affected party may file a civil lawsuit to annul the transaction. This study aims to (1) examine the legal consequences for the parties following the cancellation of a sale and purchase agreement for land rights by the court due to breach of contract; and (2) explore the legal protection available in the cancellation of such agreements in Indonesia. The research method employs a normative legal approach with a literature review, analyzing relevant laws, theories, and court decisions through primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis is qualitative, linking court decisions to the issues addressed in the study. The findings indicate that, in contract law, particularly in land sales, certain principles and conditions govern the validity of agreements. In the event of a breach of contract, the injured party may seek to annul the agreement in court if subjective (agreement, capacity) or objective (valid object and cause) requirements are not met. Cancellation of the agreement restores the parties to their original positions, allowing for the return of any goods exchanged. A breach of contract, where one party fails to fulfill its obligations, may lead to cancellation and compensation. Contract law provides legal protection to the injured party, including the right to demand performance, annulment, and compensation as outlined in the Civil Code.

The purpose of this study is to develop illustrated story media to increase interest in learning social studies subjects for grade IV students of SDN Inpres Rabakodo. This study uses the R&D method, to develop illustrated story media as a learning media for social studies for grade IV elementary school students. By using the Borg and Gall model which includes 5 stages, namely potential and problems, collecting data, product design, product validation, and design revision. The results of the study showed that the validity of the illustrated story media from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 83.26 categorized as very feasible. The questionnaire response of limited test students showed the practicality of the illustrated story media with an average score of 85.16 categorized as very practical. The results of the development of illustrated story media carried out by measuring student learning interest were 82%, compared to before the use of the story media, student learning interest was only 45%. This means that the results of the development can significantly increase student learning interest

The purpose of this study is to develop illustrated story media to increase interest in learning social studies subjects for grade IV students of SDN Inpres Rabakodo. This study uses the R&D method, to develop illustrated story media as a learning media for social studies for grade IV elementary school students. By using the Borg and Gall model which includes 5 stages, namely potential and problems, collecting data, product design, product validation, and design revision. The results of the study showed that the validity of the illustrated story media from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 83.26 categorized as very feasible. The questionnaire response of limited test students showed the practicality of the illustrated story media with an average score of 85.16 categorized as very practical. The results of the development of illustrated story media carried out by measuring student learning interest were 82%, compared to before the use of the story media, student learning interest was only 45%. This means that the results of the development can significantly increase student learning interest

The Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 has attracted attention in Indonesian legal studies because it is related to the constitutionality test of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The validity of this Constitutional Court Decision, when analyzed through the lens of legal realism, can be understood as the result of a compromise between the law as a norm that must be obeyed and the changing needs of society. Social factors, such as pressure from community groups or public opinion, play a significant role in influencing the Constitutional Court's decision. In this case, the Constitutional Court is tasked with interpreting the constitution in a broader context, which includes responses to socio-political dynamics and developing community aspirations. The legal realism perspective provides an understanding that the validity of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 does not only depend on the text of the constitution, but is also influenced by developing socio-political dynamics. The Constitutional Court's decision reflects the interaction between legal norms and existing social conditions, with the Constitutional Court functioning as an institution that responds to social demands.

The use of Brand Ambassadors is becoming increasingly popular in marketing strategies to influence customer behavior. This study aims to measure the role of Nicholas Saputra as a brand ambassador, consumer purchase intention for Kanzler Crispy Chicken Nugget, and the influence of the brand ambassador on purchase intention, focusing on followers of the Instagram account @temankanzler. Using brand ambassador and consumer behavior theories, this study involves two variables: Brand Ambassador (X), consisting of four dimensions (Popularity, Credibility, Attractiveness, Strength), and Purchase Intention (Y), which includes four dimensions (Transactional Intention, Referential Intention, Preferential Intention, Exploratory Intention). A quantitative method was applied through a survey of 71 respondents, analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression with SPSS. The results indicate that the mean perception of respondents for variables X and Y is 3.80 (agree). Validity and reliability tests confirm that all statement items are valid and reliable. Simple linear regression shows a positive and significant influence of the brand ambassador on purchase intention, with a determination coefficient (Adjusted R²) of 0.789, meaning that 78.9% of the variation in purchase intention is explained by the Brand Ambassador variable, while 21.1% is influenced by other factors.