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This study discusses the material on the relationship between multicultural education and the democratic political system in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic Religious Education. Multicultural education adheres to the principle of equality of rights and degrees in education, regardless of differences in ethnicity, race, religion and culture. Meanwhile, in the existing democratic political system in Indonesia, adhering to the Pancasila Democracy system which holds the principle of difference is the capital of unity, different but still one in the frame of freedom for each individual to choose the direction of democracy and politics, but does not cause division in one unit as a child of the nation. The results of this study show that there is a strong relationship between multicultural education and the democratic political system in Indonesia based on the perspective of Islamic Religious Education, the relationship is as follows: 1) Divine relationship, 2) Justice relationship, 3) Equal relationship of rights and degrees, and 4) Independence relationship.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of character education management in fostering students' morals at MIS Nurul Iman Gebang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) Planning involves the formulation of lesson plans and educational programs that include goals, policies, methods, and directed procedures; (2) Organising is done through the division of tasks and time, as well as the placement of educators according to expertise to ensure output according to the institution's goals; and (3) Implementation includes habituation of religious values, strengthening of commendable behaviour, and practical activities that support the formation of noble morals. (4) Evaluation is done by supervising implementation in the classroom, providing feedback to educators, and interviewing student guardians to ensure conformity with the institution's goals. This study confirms the importance of character education management in shaping students' good morals through collaboration between institutions, educators and families.

This research discusses the role and strategy of the Indonesian Mosque Youth Communication Agency, abbreviated as (BKPRMI), in improving human resources (HR) for mosque youth in Medan City. BKPRMI is present as a youth organization that focuses on da'wah training, education, economics and character development for the young generation in the mosque environment. This research aims to identify BKPRMI programs, the challenges faced, and solutions in their implementation. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews and literature studies. The research results show that BKPRMI's strategic programs include da'wah management training, faith strengthening studies, economic empowerment, fostering sakinah families, and community health strengthening activities. The main challenges faced by BKPRMI are low youth participation, limited support from mosque administrators, and resistance from the community. However, the solution taken is to approach teenagers through activities that suit their interests and build collaboration with related parties. This research recommends increasing synergy between BKPRMI, the government and the community to strengthen the success of the program.  

This article discusses contact with nature as a medium to minimize mild stress. At a mild level, stress can actually increase the enthusiasm for life in fighting challenges, but if stress increases to a more severe level, it can cause nervous tension, and have an impact on suffering not only physically, but also our soul (mind). The aim of this research is to increase awareness of the importance of contact with nature for mental health. This research uses qualitative research methods, including in the library research category, so in the process of collecting data, the author collects data in the form of information through literature. The results of this research are that contact with nature can minimize mild stress for some people. Activities in nature, such as mountain climbing, camping, or simply walking in the forest, are believed to have therapeutic effects that can improve mental well-being. Nature can have a positive impact on health and well-being. One application can be implemented is through natural schools, nature-based schools which aim to restore essential human values ​​that are one with nature. In nature schools, students are free to interact with the outdoors. Students look cheerful and enjoy learning without any pressure and school does not become a boring prison. This is the most important thing, so that children do not get stressed and bored easily.  

This article examines marriage law as a form of uniformity and legal certainty. However, there are still differing views among Islamic scholars (fuqaha) regarding the position of witnesses in marriage. In light of this, the author is interested in discussing the role of marriage witnesses as one of the requirements for marriage according to the four fiqh schools of thought. This research employs a literature review method by collecting primary and secondary data from books, journals, and other legal regulations. The findings show that, according to the four fiqh schools, a marriage witness is an individual who clearly and certainly knows about the marriage event and is ready to provide evidence that can be held accountable if required by either party regarding the occurrence of the marriage. In the context of legal regulations, a marriage witness is recognized as one of the pillars of marriage, based on the view of the Shafi’i school. Two witnesses are the minimum requirement for marriage, and the purpose of having witnesses is to prevent the emergence of negative issues in society related to extramarital relationships. The presence of marriage witnesses also affirms the rights that arise after the marriage contract, such as the right to consultation, maintenance rights, and inheritance rights.

Mahar mitsil is a mahar that is not determined at the time of the marriage contract, but is adjusted to the value usually received by the wife's family. This study aims to examine the opinions of the imams of the madhhab regarding mahar mitsil not being a condition for kafa'ah. This study discusses how to apply mahar mitsil so that it does not become a condition for kafa'ah. The research method in this article is empirical juridical. By using an empirical juridical approach, this study examines theories, concepts, and the Quran and Hadith related to mahar mitsil. Mahar mitsil according to Imam Syafi'i and Imam Maliki is not a condition for kafa'ah. Kafa'ah here is more related to equality in terms of religion and lineage. While mahar mitsil according to Imam Hanafi is part of the conditions for kafa'ah. However, mahar is very important, although mahar does not become a barrier to the validity of the marriage contract if the conditions for marriage are met.

The pillars of marriage as a requirement for the validity of a marriage, include fundamental elements that must be present in the marriage contract process. The four major schools of thought in Islam, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i, and Hambali, have different views even though the basic principles of the pillars of marriage are generally different. This difference arises due to differences in the ijtihad method and the social context faced by each school of thought, although all are based on the Qur'an, Hadith, and ijma' (consensus of scholars) which have been widely accepted in Muslim society. This study focuses on a comparison of the pillars of marriage according to the four main schools of thought in Islam. The research method used is library research. Based on this study, the results obtained are that the pillars of marriageaccording to 4 schools of thought are: first, the Hanafiyah school consists of ijab and qabul. Second, the Malikiyyah school consists of the woman's guardian, dowry, the husband is not in ihram, the wife is not in ihram and is not in the 'iddah period, and shigat. Third, the Syafi'iyyah Madzhab consists of a husband, wife, guardian, two witnesses, and sighat. Fourth, the Hanabilah Madzhab consists of husband and wife, consent and qabul.

The history of the development of Tariqah an Naqsyabandiyah began in the 14th century in Türkiye from Shaykh Muhammad bin Muhammad Baha'uddin an Naqshbandi. Tariqah developed rapidly in Maro Sebo Ulu District in 2015-2020, previously centered in Sungai Ruan Ilir Village in 2007/2008. Thariqah Naqsyabandiyah in Maro Sebo Ulu is a pure Islamic teaching that focuses on Sufism preached by Imam Syafi'i (Young Sheikh Muhammad Khairun Nasihin). The beginning of Tariqah Naqsyabandiyah was present in Jambi Province when it was brought by Muhammad 'Ali Idrus (Teacher Bambang). The social role that Tariqah Naqsyabandiyah brings to society contains a lot of goodness, being social, minimizing polytheism and crime in the local environment and others. And da'wah invites people to accept the guidance of Allah SWT. Previously, their work was full of evil and neglect, after being gently taught the ways of Rasulullah SAW, they wanted to repent and take this holy path, namely Tariqah an Naqshbandiyah. The research method used is a qualitative research method. This research method is research that produces descriptive data in the form of words or spoken or written in the form of interviews, scientific works and others. The conclusion is that Tariqah Naqsyabandiyah is an Islamic teaching from Rasulullah SAW and was developed by Muhammad Baha'uddin An Naqsyabandi over time until it reached Jambi by Muhammad Ali Idrus and arrived in Maro Sebo Ulu District brought by the Young Sheikh Muhammad Khairun Nasihin until he succeeded in preaching it despite various obstacles such as opinions and criticism from the public who do not believe in his presence.

This study aims to analyze the role of the head of the Madrasah's academic supervision in improving the performance of teachers at MTs Darurrahman Rimbo Bujang, Tebo Regency. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Interviews are conducted with the head of the Madrasah, teachers, and other educational staff to gain a comprehensive understanding of the academic planning and supervision processes implemented. Direct observations of teaching and learning activities, along with document analysis of the work plans, are carried out to delve into the implementation of planned programs. The findings indicate that the head of the Madrasah's academic planning is crucial for enhancing teacher performance. The head of the Madrasah develops a structured plan involving all relevant stakeholders, setting clear goals, and planning periodic training programs. The implementation of academic supervision is conducted through a collaborative approach, where the head of the Madrasah and the supervision team provide constructive feedback to teachers following direct classroom observations. The follow-up of the supervision is also a critical aspect, with a report on supervision results being prepared and regular meetings held to evaluate teachers' progress. With this follow-up, it is expected that teachers receive the necessary support for ongoing development, creating a culture of reflection and continuous improvement in the learning process.

This article discusses the application of deductive and inductive methods in management, which are relevant in facing modern business challenges. Deductive methods, which move from general principles to specific cases, are used to confirm decisions based on established theories, whereas inductive methods, which move from specific observations to generalizations, allow the formation of new theories based on empirical data. These two methods have complementary advantages and disadvantages; deductive excels in efficiency and systematic logic, but is limited to initial premises, while inductive offers flexibility in understanding complex situations, although it risks producing less valid generalizations. The integration of deductive and inductive methods can provide a holistic approach, helping organizations make decisions that are evidence-based, adaptive, and relevant to specific contexts

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the PAI integration learning model with identity elements (clean and healthy living) in group B students. The research used a qualitative approach with a case study research type. The research location was in ABA 7 Karangjati Kindergarten, Blora Regency, with 33 student informants and two teachers. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data validity test used a credibility test where this study used triangulation. Data analysis techniques used data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the application of PAI integration learning with identity elements (clean and healthy living) increased students' awareness of environmental cleanliness, both at school and at home. In addition, changing 90% of student behavior in terms of cleanliness, students have thrown garbage in its place, picked up scattered garbage, rearranged what has been used when playing, studying, and so on. They have a sense of responsibility for themselves and the surrounding space. In this activity, 20% of teachers or parents continue to remind their children to maintain cleanliness in order to live a clean and healthy life.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of entrepreneurship education management in achieving independent students at MAN 2 Langkat. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, employing data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the planning of entrepreneurship education at MAN 2 Langkat is designed with the aim of equipping students with practical skills and independence. This entrepreneurship program includes various practical activities such as Market Day and bazaar exhibitions, providing students with the opportunity to plan and manage their own businesses. The implementation of the program has proven effective in developing students' entrepreneurship skills, such as business planning, capital management, and product marketing. Evaluation of the entrepreneurship program shows positive impacts, with assessments focused not only on the final results but also on the processes students undergo, including initiative, responsibility, and teamwork. However, several aspects still require improvement, such as financial management and enhancing cooperation among students. Overall, this entrepreneurship program has successfully created independent students, ready to face the challenges of the business world.

This article discusses the meaning of philosophy of science in everyday life and its relevance for individuals and society. Using qualitative research methods with a literature review approach, this research examines various sources that explain how the philosophy of science can be applied in real life contexts. Research shows that philosophy of science is not only an academic discipline, but also serves as a guide in decision making, ethical development, and self-understanding. Through the application of philosophical principles, individuals can make better moral choices, improve critical thinking skills, and build healthier interpersonal relationships. Additionally, this article highlights the importance of awareness of environmental desirability as part of the moral responsibility resulting from philosophical thought. Thus, the philosophy of science plays an important role in shaping human perspectives and actions in the complex modern era.

This study examines the issue of distributing inheritance rights in the context of religious differences among heirs, which is often a complex issue in Islamic law. In traditional fiqh, heirs of different religions are generally not entitled to receive a share of a Muslim's estate. However, the maqashid shari'ah approach, which focuses on the purpose and wisdom of shari'ah, opens up opportunities to reinterpret such rules in light of the principles of justice, beneficence and family harmony. This study aims to analyze how maqashid shari'ah can be applied to provide a solution to the issue of inheritance rights for heirs of different religions. Using normative research methods, this study identifies the relevance of maqashid shari'ah in maintaining social stability, avoiding conflict, and ensuring family welfare. One of the approaches discussed is the application of mandatory wills as a mechanism to provide financial rights to non-Muslim heirs without violating the basic principles of shari'ah. The results show that maqashid shari'ah offers flexibility in addressing contemporary challenges, including the issue of interfaith inheritance. This approach not only emphasizes the importance of maintaining family relationships, but also creates a balance between normative justice and the practical needs of modern society.Thus,maqashid shari'ah becomes a relevant framework to answer inheritance issues in the context of religious differences.  

Philosophy of science has an important role in the preparation of scientific work, especially in management science, by providing a conceptual framework that integrates aspects of ontology, epistemology and axiology. This research discusses the application of the philosophy of science in the entire research process, starting from problem formulation, developing a theoretical framework, to presenting findings. The philosophy of science approach allows the selection of relevant research paradigms and valid methods to produce applicable and ethical solutions. In addition, philosophy of science contributes to the development of new paradigms, strengthening research ethics, and increasing creativity in scientific research. By using a literature review approach, this research provides insight into how the philosophy of science supports the development of management science through knowledge validation and systematic methodological testing

This article aims to examine the implementation of morals-based non-test assessment in PAI learning in grade 11 of SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, focusing on its influence on students' character development. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in instilling moral values. In this context, morals-based non-test assessment is an effective approach to assessing students' character development, as it focuses on observing their behavior and attitudes. At SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, the implementation of this method is expected to help students not only understand religious teachings in theory, but also apply them in daily life. This research is a type of field research that is descriptive qualitative in nature. The main focus of this research is to understand the concept of evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, which includes both test-based and non-test evaluation methods at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. In this study, a phenomenological approach is used to explore the experiences and understanding of individuals or groups regarding the phenomenon under investigation. Moral-based non-test assessment in PAI learning aims to evaluate students' moral values in everyday life. In contrast to test assessments that measure cognitive abilities. The implementation of morals-based non-test assessment faces obstacles such as difficulties in measuring morals objectively and limited time for observation.Morals-based non-test assessment in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta has an important role in shaping student character, in addition to mastery of academic material.

The author focuses on analyzing the Jigsaw learning method in class VII SKI subjects at MTsN 6 Nganjuk. This writing aims to analyze the implementation of learning using the Jigsaw method, how this method can have an effect on student interaction, student activity in learning, and the difference in receiving material in SKI subjects. This writing uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Information obtained from observations, then interviews, and analysis of learning outcomes. The results obtained from the Jigsaw method analysis had a very drastic effect on increasing student activity. They are more enthusiastic, active, and able to work together in groups. Then this method increases students' activeness and self-confidence when appearing in front of the class. Although there are advantages, this research identifies a problem, namely the limited time which can reduce the overall application of the method. Some students like learning in groups to interact and exchange knowledge with other friends. However, some students experience challenges in understanding the material and they do not feel comfortable when explaining the material in front of the class. The conclusion is that the Jigsaw learning method provides positive things to increase active student interaction, involvement and increase self-confidence in SKI learning. The implication of this research is the need for plans that are ready and supported by teachers that can help to successfully analyze the Jigsaw method in the context of SKI learning at MTs level.  

This study aims to analyze how teacher pedagogical competence influences improving student learning outcomes. Efforts to improve teacher competence so that the implementation of teaching and learning activities is effective for students. This study applies literature studies, a method that utilizes sources such as journals, books, articles, and other publications to collect information. The results of the study revealed that teacher competence has a real contribution to improving student learning outcomes. The influence of teacher competence is an important factor in creating and maintaining an environment that supports student learning outcomes in order to achieve maximum learning goals.  

In this sophisticated era, the use of mobile phones among teenagers has increased rapidly both for learning and daily needs. Excessive use of mobile phones will have an impact on the lifestyle of teenagers because of playing online games. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of online games among teenagers in the perspective of Islam, especially referring to the views of the hadith. The population in this study were teenagers aged 15-17 years who played the online game mobile legend around 4-7 hours or more per day and teenagers who were addicted to the online game mobile legend numbered 5 respondents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by means of observation and interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis of interviews and observations show that the influence of the online game mobile legend greatly affects the development and growth of teenagers because online games affect the health, psychology, academics, social, and free time that teenagers have is wasted which is detrimental to themselves. Islam does not forbid its people to have fun, but it must remain within the limits and corridors that are determined. The games played should be in accordance with their portion, aka not excessive. Don't let entertainment take up all your time, disrupt your health, hinder other activities, take up study and work time and don't let it distract someone from their main duties, especially in worship, and don't let it make people forget about more important games, such as physical exercise to improve your health or do better activities than being addicted to playing online games. Games also shouldn't make people fall into addiction.  

This study explores the concepts of Al-Istikhdam and Al-Istithrad as part of stylistic devices in the Arabic rhetoric discipline (balaghah). Al-Istikhdam refers to the use of a single word with two different meanings in a specific context, while Al-Istithrad involves the insertion of additional sentences or ideas without deviating from the main discussion. The study aims to identify the application of these two concepts in classical Arabic texts, particularly in literary and rhetorical works. The method employed is textual analysis of primary sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, and classical poetry. The findings reveal that Al-Istikhdam is used to enrich meanings and refine stylistic expression, whereas Al-Istithrad functions to provide additional explanations that strengthen the main argument without disrupting narrative flow. This research is expected to offer new insights into the beauty and complexity of the Arabic language and its contribution to the development of balaghah studies.