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This research aims to analyze self-efficacy regarding the anxiety of the main character in the novel A for Amanda by Annisa Ihsani. Using four sources of self-efficacy with the psychological approach of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was carried out using note-taking techniques and literature study. The results of this research reveal the self-efficacy of the main character (Amanda) through four sources of self-efficacy, namely experience of success (enactive attainment), indirect experience (vicarious experience), verbal persuasion (verbal persuasion), and physiological state (physiological state). These sources of self-efficacy provide conclusions regarding the efficacy of the main character (Amanda).

This study aims to analyze the project-based learning model on learning outcomes in class XII Manufacturing Engineering Drawing subjects at SMK Semen Padang. The type of research used in this study is Quasy experimental using one experimental class and one control class. The study involved 20 experimental class students and 20 control class students. Data was collected with test questions in the form of pre-test and post-test to determine learning outcomes in aspects of Knowledge (cognitive), and assessment of student performance to determine learning outcomes in aspects of skills (psychomotor). Analyze the initial data to determine the average of the classes to be used for the determination of the experimental class and the control class. The final data analysis used is the T test. The results showed a significant influence on learning outcomes using a project-based learning model. The results of the T test on the Post-test results obtained a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.004 which is smaller than 0.05 with an average percentage of 71.8 in the Experiment class and 65.1 in the control class. For the T Test on student performance assessment, a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.027 is obtained which is smaller than 0.05. Both T-tests prove that project-based learning models can provide better learning outcomes.

This research aims to find out how ecopedagogy is implemented in elementary school learning to increase environmental awareness and student involvement. This article was prepared using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. Searches were carried out using Google Schooler. In the initial stage of the journal search, 235 journal articles were obtained with a time limit, namely from 2014 to 2023. The procedure for searching and selecting articles in this study used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews & meta-analyses (PRISMA). Ecopedagogy discusses three main areas, namely technical ecoliteracy , critical ecoliteracy, and cultural ecoliteracy. The implementation of ecopedagogical integration in elementary school management which aims to instill environmental character values ​​from generation to generation can be carried out in several forms, namely integration in the curriculum and learning by including an understanding of ecology in the subjects or materials taught and the application of methods or media. Environmentally caring character education aims to instill values ​​and awareness of the environment in students. Case studies of the application of ecopedagogy in education show that it can be applied through digital media and multi-dominant learning to develop cognitive, psychomotor and environmental awareness. Barriers to implementing environmentally caring character education in schools include internal factors such as students' bad habits and lack of knowledge, as well as external factors such as inadequate learning support equipment and lack of cooperation between teachers and parents. Collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and the community is essential for successful implementation.

This research aims to analyze the stages of development of the relationship between fathers and their children according to Jean Piaget's theory in the novel entitled My Father is Not a Liar by Tere Liye. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Analysis of the developmental stages of the relationship between father and son in the novel Ayahku Is Not a Liar using a literary psychology approach. Development is a pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout a human's lifetime. Most development involves growth, although it also includes decline caused by the processes of aging and death. The analysis used is the theory of cognitive development by Jean Piaget. The problem of this research is how the character of children begins to understand the meaning and understanding of life. The results of the analysis of the novel Ayahku Is Not a Liar can be concluded that there is strong emotional and intellectual development in the main character through the process of disclosure and understanding. through the process of disclosure and understanding, their relationship gradually improves and becomes more harmonious. This shows the importance of communication and understanding in building healthy family relationships

This research aims to analyze the stages of development of the relationship between fathers and their children according to Jean Piaget's theory in the novel entitled My Father is Not a Liar by Tere Liye. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Analysis of the developmental stages of the relationship between father and son in the novel Ayahku Is Not a Liar using a literary psychology approach. Development is a pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout a human's lifetime. Most development involves growth, although it also includes decline caused by the processes of aging and death. The analysis used is the theory of cognitive development by Jean Piaget. The problem of this research is how the character of children begins to understand the meaning and understanding of life. The results of the analysis of the novel Ayahku Is Not a Liar can be concluded that there is strong emotional and intellectual development in the main character through the process of disclosure and understanding. through the process of disclosure and understanding, their relationship gradually improves and becomes more harmonious. This shows the importance of communication and understanding in building healthy family relationships

High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) is a way of thinking for students at a higher cognitive level. This research aims to prove whether the implementation of HOTS-based learning has an impact in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning in elementary schools. The research method used is a literature review using the Google Scholar and Semantik Scholar databases for the 2020-2023 period. The HOTS-based learning model focuses on developing analyzing, evaluating and creating which refers to students' abilities in critical thinking. Based on the 8 selected articles, it shows that the implementation of HOTS learning in mathematics subjects can be implemented through learning models such as Game Based Learning or Digital Game Based Learning, teacher skills in implementing learning and developing assessments need to be considered. The application of HOTS learning is considered effective and able to improve students' critical thinking skills.

In the era of revolution 4.0, education does not only require intellectual abilities, but critical thinking, creative, communicative and collaboration skills. The problem with Civics learning is that it still prioritizes cognitive aspects, it has not been able to realize the goal of creating critical and responsible students. There needs to be innovation in Civics learning that combines problem-based learning models through games and is integrated with the use of technology in elementary schools. This research aims to find out the influence of problem based learning implemented through the QR code-assisted treasure hunt game on Civics learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of descriptions supported by observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis and discussion can be concluded that critical thinking skills emerge in Civics learning using the PBL treasure hunt and QR code models. Critical thinking skills are demonstrated by the emergence of the following indicators: providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference, especially in the field of education, to create a superior and characterful next generation.

The aim of this research is to look at the cognitive development experienced by the character Yoonjae in the Novel Almond. The work taken is entitled Almond by Shon Won-Pyung. The problem of this research is how the cognitive development of the character Yoonjae in the novel is. The method used is qualitative descriptive research using Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The results obtained indicate an increase in cognitive development in the form of development in the operational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage in the character Yoonjae in the novel.  

The elderly is a process of the final stage of human life that will be lived by everyone. Cognitive function indicates the process of receiving, organizing and interpreting stimulus sensors to think and solve problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive ability and the level of independence of Activity Of Daily Living (ADL) in the elderly in Singkil 1 sub-district 6 Manado city This research uses a correlational analytical method with the approach used is a time series, which is a type of data consisting of variables collected according to time sequence in a certain time span. The sample of this study amounted to 42 respondents using the Purposive Sampling technique. Data collection was taken using questionnaire sheets. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is then analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test with a significant level (α) of 0.05 The results showed that the most respondents' gender was women, namely 35 respondents with a percentage (83.3%), the most respondents did not attend school, namely 28 respondents with a percentage (66.7%), the most respondents' jobs as IRT were 35 respondents with a percentage (83.3%), and the results of statistical tests found a significant relationship between cognitive function and the level of independence of the elderly with p-value = 0.002

A tough personality or hardiness in mental health involves efforts to resolve conflict with an individual's cognitive assessment of stressful situations and strategies for dealing with stress. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between personality hardiness and burnout in emergency nurses at RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. The research design used was a descriptive analytical research method which was cross sectional in nature. Until this research used total sampling, namely the sampling technique was the same as the population size. So the total sample in the study was 23 nurses. Data collection was carried out by direct interviews with subjekts and distributing questionnaires. Furthermore, the data that had been collected using computer assistance with IBM SPSS 16.0 was analyzed using the chi-square test with a significance level (α) <0.05. The results of the research using the Chi-Square Test show a p value of 0.162, which is greater than α ≤0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. The conclusion in this study is that there is no relationship between personality hardiness and burnout in emergency nurses at RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado.

Education is considered crucial in improving the quality of human resources, especially through the process of personal formation through education. Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system emphasizes the importance of a learning atmosphere and an active learning process. Teachers, especially in science learning, face challenges such as low motivation and lack of interest in the material.This research uses a quasi-experimental method to evaluate the effect of using video-based learning media on elementary school students' knowledge, especially in classifying animals. The research results show that video media is effective in increasing students' learning interest and motivation, facilitating understanding of abstract science concepts, and optimizing cognitive learning outcomes.It was found that learning with video media creates a fun, active and motivating learning atmosphere, contributing to the success of science teaching in fourth grade elementary school. The implications of this research indicate that the use of video media can be an effective solution in improving science learning at the elementary level, building students' interest in learning, and supporting their cognitive development.

This research delves into the psychological features of seamen's activity during emergency situations as perceived by 240 cadets in their third semester at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to unravel the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses exhibited by cadets in simulated emergency scenarios. The findings underscore the transformative journey of cadets, transitioning from initial stress and anxiety to a controlled sense of urgency, showcasing the efficacy of the institution's training methodologies. A significant aspect of this research is the examination of the correlation between language proficiency, particularly in English, and effective emergency communication. Cadets recognise English as a shared language that enhances communication efficiency during emergencies. The study reveals the pivotal role of linguistic skills in coordinating actions seamlessly, highlighting the practical implications of language proficiency in emergency management within the global maritime context. The implications for maritime education are profound, emphasising the need for a holistic approach that integrates psychological preparedness and targeted language development initiatives. The research recommends continuous professional development, global collaboration among maritime institutions, and industry partnerships to ensure the adaptability and relevance of education to evolving industry standards. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights to the discourse on maritime education, emphasising the importance of cultivating a well-rounded skill set among cadets. The findings inform curriculum development, training methodologies, and strategies to enhance the psychological resilience and linguistic proficiency of future seafaring professionals, positioning them as adept and globally competent officers.

This research aims to determine the influence of students' learning activities on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts through the STEAM Learning Approach Makerspace model based on PBL on SPLDV materials. As for the type of research Quasi-Experiments. The population in this study was 90 students who were distributed into 3 classes with 2 classes that sampled grades VIII A and VIII C. The sampling techniques in this study used randomized classes and data collection techniques in this study were tests and observations, while the research instruments used preliminary tests and final tests to measure the ability to understand mathematical concepts and observation sheets to see students' learning activities. Data analysis techniques using a two-way ANOVA test. The research showed that there is an influence of the PBL-based Makerspace STEAM Learning Approach model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts, there is no influence on students' learning activities on mathematical concept comprehension capabilities, and there is no interaction between the PBL-based Stem Learning Approach Makerspace model and student learning activities on the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Conclusion, there is a positive direct effect of cognitive structures on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts.

The purpose of this research is to determine the important role of learning evaluation in the learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar. Assessment is a very important part of learning and teaching. If learning is important to foster students' spiritual development, then assessment needs to function as an informant to assess the success of learning. Without evaluation activities, it is impossible to find information about the pros and cons of the teaching activities carried out. In some rules, ethics and behavior cannot be ignored in evaluation. Therefore, it is very important to carry out an evaluation of the learning itself. This research approach is descriptive qualitative in which the informant is an Islamic Religious Education teacher who teaches at SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar. He was chosen by the researcher because he felt he was experienced and had the criteria to answer the questions given by the researcher. An in-depth semi-structured one-on-one interview was conducted to examine his views regarding the important role of learning evaluation in the learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar. This research found that in the evaluation stage at SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar, the evaluation process activities at this school were carried out well. This is very useful for teachers and students, this can be seen from the evaluation process which consists of affective, cognitive and psychomotor assessments.

Physical and cognitive development in middle childhood undergoes many significant changes. Children at this age develop problem-solving skills, abstract thinking, and language development in cognitive aspects. They have the ability to understand the concepts of time and space, as well as improve their reading and writing skills. At this stage, physical development includes rapid body growth, muscle strengthening, and improved motor coordination. Children usually experience rapid height growth and organ development. Physical activities and activities involving movement are becoming increasingly important for achieving an optimal level of physical fitness. These two components are interrelated, and good physical health can support cognitive development. Positive simulations, environmental factors, and education also played an important role in shaping the holistic development of the time.        

This research discusses efforts to introduce cognitive learning theory into the 2013 curriculum in the educational environment. Her research focus is on understanding how key principles of cognitive learning theory, including concepts such as information processing, knowledge construction, and the development of higher-order thinking skills, can be integrated into new curriculum structures. Research methods include analysis of official 2013 curriculum documents, interviews with teachers, and observation of classroom learning practices. The results show that although real efforts have been made to adopt the principles of cognitive learning theory, their implementation still faces certain challenges. Limited resources, teacher understanding of cognitive concepts, and adaptation of learning materials are several important factors that influence successful implementation. Therefore, this research provides recommendations for improving teacher training, adapting learning materials, and increasing resource support so that the 2013 curriculum more effectively achieves students' cognitive learning goals.

This paper aims abnalyze The physical and psychosocial development of children and adolescents is a broad topic and complex. Children begin to develop the ability to think, learn, and remember, and begin to develop the ability to control emotions and interact with people other. In adolescence, individuals experience a transition between childhood and adulthood adult life is characterized by biological growth and development and psychological. Children's physical and psychosocial development of adolescents can begin with an explanation of the importance of understanding physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence. Matter This is because this period is a very important period in a person's life, in where many significant changes and developments occurred. Additionally, understanding of Physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence is also very important for parents, teachers and health workers in providing appropriate care and upbringing. Physical development during childhood and adolescence includes growth and development of body organs, nervous system, and motor abilities. Meanwhile development Psychosocial includes emotional, social and cognitive development. During childhood, Physical and psychosocial development is greatly influenced by the environment and upbringing accepted. Meanwhile, during adolescence, physical and psychosocial development is influenced by internal and external factors, such as hormonal changes, social environment, and pressure from friends peer. In discussing children's physical development and adolescent psychosocial development, it needs to be emphasized that each individual has different developments, depending on factors which influences it.

During childhood, the development of a child involves several key aspects. Firstly, the physical development aspect encompasses the skeletal and muscular systems, as well as the development of motor skills. Secondly, health and safety become important focuses by providing adequate physical exercise to meet national targets and prevent children's inactivity. The processing of information and intelligence in cognitive development emphasizes repetition, organization, comparison, and the emergence of information. The division of intelligence into emotional and spiritual intelligence provides an additional dimension to understanding child development. Piaget's approach, particularly the concrete operational stage, describes a phase in which children use operations and logical reasoning in concrete situations. Lastly, in cognitive development, language becomes an important tool for communication, both in oral and sign forms.

This journal discusses cognitive development during early childhood. The aim of writing the journal is to find out how cognitive development occurs during early childhood, the advantages of cognitive development during early childhood, as well as language abilities and other cognitive abilities. The method used is literature study, namely by searching for materials and references from books, journals and articles. The results show that the early childhood period is called preoperational, this period starts from the age of 2 to 7 years. Preoperational uses symbols, categorization, and numbers. Other cognitive abilities are life, death, bodily functions, space, weight, numbers, time, social impressions, beauty and cuteness.

Early childhood plays an important role in forming the basis of development, which involves stimulation of various aspects such as moral religious values, social emotional, language, cognitive, and physical motor skills. The concept of early childhood learning is focused on play, where every activity is designed to be play, so that learning becomes more effective. Parents also need to understand today's children's education to interact with children positively. This research focuses on sentiment analysis of children's education-based app reviews on the Google Play Store, using Random Forest and Logistic Regression methods. The review data is taken from three apps with the theme of child development, namely "About Kids", "PrimaKu", and "Teman Bumil", with a range of review years between 2018 and 2023. The test results show that Logistic Regression has higher accuracy compared to Random Forest, especially in the "About Kids" and "PrimaKu" applications with accuracy above 90%. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of sentiment analysis in improving understanding of user responses to children's education applications, with suggestions for future research to increase the number of datasets and variations in testing schemes by tuning hyperparameters to improve prediction accuracy and more optimal results.