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This study aims to determine the influence of intellectual capital, company age, company size, and managerial ownership on firm value, with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) acting as a moderating variable. In addition to analyzing the overall effect of each variable, this study also divides the analysis into three distinct periods: the normal period, the pandemic period, and the recovery period. The population of the study includes companies in the hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2018 to 2022. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in a total of 24 companies with 120 observations analyzed. To test the hypotheses and analyze the data, this study employed the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version 25. The results indicate that intellectual capital and company age do not have a significant effect on firm value. In contrast, company size and managerial ownership were found to have a significant influence on firm value, suggesting that larger companies and those with higher levels of managerial ownership tend to have stronger firm value. Furthermore, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), when tested as a moderating variable, did not significantly strengthen the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value. When viewed across the three time periods—normal, pandemic, and recovery—intellectual capital, company age, managerial ownership, and the moderating effect of GCG consistently showed no significant influence on firm value. However, the study reveals a notable exception in the case of company size. During both the pandemic and recovery periods, company size was shown to significantly affect firm value. This suggests that during periods of crisis and recovery, firm size plays a more crucial role in maintaining or increasing firm value, possibly due to greater resources, resilience, and operational capacity possessed by larger firms.

This study aims to analyze the efforts made by the Sukabumi City Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) in enforcing Mayor Regulation Number 05 of 2014 concerning restrictions on the operating hours of night entertainment venues. The regulation was implemented to maintain public order, reduce social disturbances, and ensure community comfort, particularly during nighttime hours in urban environments. Using a sociological legal approach with qualitative methods, data were collected through interviews with relevant stakeholders, field observations, and literature reviews. The findings reveal that Satpol PP has undertaken various enforcement efforts, including routine patrols to monitor venue compliance, educational outreach to business owners regarding regulations, and administrative sanctions such as written warnings and temporary closures for violators. Despite these initiatives, several challenges hinder the optimal enforcement of the regulation. These include limited human resources and operational infrastructure within Satpol PP, inconsistent public awareness of the regulation, and resistance from certain business actors who view the regulation as a barrier to economic activity and local tourism development. Moreover, coordination between relevant agencies, such as tourism and licensing departments, remains suboptimal. This study emphasizes the need for stronger inter-agency synergy, increased budget allocation, and ongoing public education to foster better compliance. It also suggests capacity-building programs for enforcement officers and the implementation of community-based monitoring systems to enhance transparency and support. In conclusion, although Satpol PP has shown commitment to implementing the regulation, the effectiveness of enforcement can be significantly improved through strategic resource optimization, cross-sector collaboration, and a participatory approach involving both authorities and the community.

This study explores the key determinants of field engineer efficiency in the field service industry by analyzing the impact of self-efficacy, resource management, and time management on operational performance. Employing a quantitative research approach, data were collected using saturated sampling from 102 field engineers and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model showed robust psychometric properties, satisfying the thresholds for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability. The structural model results indicate that all three independent variables significantly influence field engineer efficiency. Self-efficacy was found to have the strongest effect (β = 0.421, p < 0.001), followed by resource management (β = 0.347, p < 0.001) and time management (β = 0.289, p < 0.001). The model accounts for 68.7% of the variance in field engineer efficiency, reflecting strong explanatory power and predictive accuracy. Among these variables, self-efficacy emerged as the most dominant factor, suggesting that field engineers' belief in their ability to perform tasks is a critical driver of operational success. High self-efficacy enhances motivation, resilience, and effective problem-solving under pressure, making it essential in dynamic and unpredictable field environments. Resource and time management also play crucial roles in supporting engineers' ability to complete tasks efficiently by ensuring optimal allocation of tools, equipment, and time. The findings provide practical implications for field service organizations aiming to improve workforce performance. Investing in training programs that strengthen self-efficacy, combined with systematic improvements in resource and time management practices, can significantly enhance operational outcomes. By prioritizing these factors, organizations can boost engineer efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve service delivery, ultimately gaining a stronger competitive advantage in the industry.

Indonesia, as the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, has a significant demand for halal products, including pharmaceuticals. Halal certification serves not only as a regulatory compliance requirement but also as a strategic tool to build consumer trust, ensuring that products meet both religious and quality standards. This article aims to descriptively examine the process and challenges of preparing for halal certification in the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on the evaluation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients. The study is based on firsthand experience during a pharmacist professional practice (PKPA) at a national pharmaceutical company. Key areas of focus include material flowchart analysis, identification of critical non-halal points, and the implementation of the Halal Product Assurance System SJPH, in line with Indonesian halal regulatory frameworks. The findings highlight the importance of systematically identifying critical points, especially in evaluating the origin and status of materials such as alcohol, enzymes, and activated carbon, which frequently raise concerns in halal compliance. Furthermore, successful implementation requires comprehensive documentation, revision of standard operating procedures (SOPs), and staff training to ensure traceability and consistency throughout the supply chain. Collaboration with the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH) is also vital for technical guidance and certification processes. The study concludes that a structured and integrated approach to halal assurance not only facilitates certification but also enhances operational quality and market competitiveness. This study is expected to provide practical insights for pharmaceutical industries in effectively and sustainably implementing halal regulations, contributing to broader consumer protection and industry accountability.

Distribution is the process of moving, managing, and storing goods from suppliers to customers in the supply chain. This process includes not only the delivery of raw materials from suppliers to manufacturers, but also the distribution of finished products to the end consumer. Distribution plays an important role in a company's profitability because it affects operational costs, delivery efficiency, and perceived value by customers. Successful well-managed distribution will increase customer satisfaction and strengthen the company's competitiveness in the market. PT. XYZ is one of the LPG distributors that provides 3 kg cylinders. This company serves a variety of consumers, ranging from households, small businesses, to retailers, with a coverage of distribution areas in Serang City. The distribution process is carried out based on sales orders and needs in 14 bases, where each base has a different level of demand according to consumer needs. However, PT. XYZ faces obstacles in achieving the optimal level of service, where the average service level only reaches 97.40%. An imbalance between inventory and demand at the base often leads to an oversupply or understock, resulting in backorders on some demands. This condition has a negative impact on customer satisfaction and overall distribution effectiveness. To overcome this problem, PT. XYZ developed a distribution dashboard by applying the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) method. Through this approach, distribution planning becomes more systematic, base needs can be met appropriately, and stocks can be managed more effectively. This dashboard also supports delivery scheduling and more coordinated marketing activities. The results of the implementation of the DRP dashboard in 2023 show a significant increase with a service level that has successfully reached 99%, minimizing backorders, and increasing customer trust and satisfaction.

This study aims to analyze product innovations in the Musyarakah contract applied by Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with case studies from several Islamic banks. Data were collected through documentation and interviews with practitioners. The study found that innovations in Musyarakah products are largely driven by the need to enhance competitiveness and address the unique demands of the Indonesian market, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)  Several banks have modified the classical Musyarakah structure to align with customer preferences and regulatory standards. For instance, some institutions implement tiered profit-sharing mechanisms, structured financing tenures, and integration with digital banking platforms to improve accessibility and monitoring. In addition, hybrid contracts that combine Musyarakah with other contracts, such as Ijarah or Murabahah, are increasingly used to create more flexible and customer-friendly financing solutions. Practitioners interviewed noted that one of the main challenges in implementing Musyarakah-based products is the higher operational and monitoring cost, due to the nature of partnership-based risk-sharing. However, these challenges are being addressed through technological innovation, such as mobile applications that help track business performance and automate profit-sharing calculations. The study concludes that product innovation in Musyarakah financing can enhance the inclusivity and effectiveness of Islamic banking in Indonesia, especially in supporting entrepreneurial sectors. Nevertheless, standardization, regulatory support, and continued investment in human resource capacity remain critical for sustained innovation. Future research may explore the customer perception of Musyarakah products, the impact of these innovations on financial performance, and comparative studies with conventional financing models.

This study aims to identify various types of hazards found in the Apron of Juanda International Airport Surabaya and analyze their impact on flight operational safety. The apron is a vital area in aviation activities because it is a parking lot for aircraft, the process of boarding and dropping passengers, loading and unloading cargo, and light maintenance activities. The existence of potential hazards in this area can have a direct effect on flight safety if not handled properly. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through field observations, interviews with apron officers, and documentation during the implementation of On The Job Training. The data obtained is then analyzed to identify potential hazards and evaluate the level of risk. The results of the study show that there are still hazard findings in the apron area, including Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in the form of foreign objects that have the potential to damage aircraft engines, oil or fuel spills that can cause fires, the presence of wild animals in the aircraft movement area, Ground Support Equipment (GSE) that is parked out of place so as to interfere with aircraft movement, and marshalls who do not use Complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).  This problem is caused by the weak supervision of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit and the low awareness of personnel in implementing a work safety culture. Based on these findings, the author prepared mitigation measures in accordance with the guidelines of Doc 9859 AN/474 concerning the Safety Management Manual, including increasing supervision, enforcing safety standards, and periodic training for all apron personnel. It is hoped that the results of this study can be an evaluation reference for airport management to strengthen the supervision system, reduce the risk of accidents in the apron area, and build a better and sustainable work safety culture.

Digitalization has been a key catalyst for change in the global business landscape, driving the transformation of companies' strategies, organizational structures, and operational models. For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), digital technology opens up great opportunities to expand market reach and compete in the international arena more effectively. Technologies such as e-commerce, social media, big data analytics, and cloud-based platforms enable SMEs to break through geographical boundaries, facilitate access to global customers, and accelerate product distribution and marketing processes. This paper explores the current academic literature that discusses the influence of digital technology on the internationalization of SMEs. A total of five relevant studies were analyzed to identify common patterns, challenges, and successful strategies in the use of digital technology. The results of the study show that the adoption of digitalization not only improves operational cost efficiency, but also encourages business model innovation, such as digital platform-based marketing, cross-border virtual collaboration, and the development of a more adaptive global business ecosystem. In addition, the ability to utilize digital technology gives SMEs a competitive advantage through access to real-time market information, personalization of offers, and more targeted branding strategies. However, the research also found obstacles, such as limited human resources, technological infrastructure, and digital literacy among SMEs. Therefore, synergy is needed between business actors, the government, and academia to support the acceleration of digital technology adoption through training, mentoring, and policies that support innovation. The paper also highlights future research opportunities, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, automation, and blockchain in supporting the global expansion of SMEs. These findings are expected to be a strategic reference in designing sustainable internationalization policies in the digital era.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap. BOS funds are a government program aimed at supporting the financing of school operational needs at the elementary and secondary education levels. This program is expected to improve access and quality of education, but its implementation is still faced with various obstacles such as delays in disbursement of funds, lack of transparency, and a suboptimal reporting system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, treasurer, teachers, and BOS fund management staff. The results of the study indicate that in general the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap has been running quite effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness is reflected in the use of funds that contribute to improving the quality of educational services, such as the procurement of learning facilities and the implementation of extracurricular programs. Efficiency is seen in the use of funds that refer to the priority scale of school needs. However, obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement of funds from the central government that impact the smooth implementation of school activities, and financial reporting that has not been fully documented systematically and periodically. This research provides an important overview of the real conditions of BOS fund management in schools and is expected to provide input for related parties in order to improve the education financial governance system to make it more transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

The rapid development of information technology has had a significant impact on various sectors of life, including micro-enterprises such as meatball stalls. Amidst increasingly fierce competition and the need for operational efficiency, many micro-enterprises are shifting from manual management systems to digital systems. This study aims to explain the background, objectives, and benefits of utilizing information technology in managing meatball stalls, with a focus on the implementation of the Odoo application as a business management solution. Odoo is an open-source Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system that offers various functional modules such as Point of Sale (POS), inventory management, accounting, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Through the implementation of Odoo, meatball stalls can manage various operational aspects in an integrated manner, from recording sales transactions, managing raw material stock, financial reporting, to customer relations. The results of this technology implementation show significant improvements in data recording accuracy, service speed, and ease of decision-making based on accurate and real-time data. In addition, this technology also provides opportunities for stall owners to develop their businesses more professionally and competitively. Thus, the integration of information technology like Odoo not only improves efficiency and productivity but also contributes to economic growth by strengthening the micro-enterprise sector. This digital transformation is expected to be a strategic step in realizing a modern meatball stall that can compete in the digital era.

Load handling is all the processes and action taken to move, store and protect goods or products from one place to another. The many risks that occur such as imbalance of cargo will affect the stability of the ship, inefficient waiting time, and potential risks to the safety of the crew. Understanding of cargo handling is done to optimize ship operational performance, reduce waiting time during loading and unloading and minimize the risk of applied scientific work is qualitative by gaining an indepth understanding of the experiences and views where observations are made that occur during the operational activities of the ship which is the object of research. This research provides a conclusion that cargo handling is very influential on the smooth operation of the ship and the safety of everyone on board. Maintenance of safety equipment and socialization of the crew about the importance of safety will be every helpful for smoothness during the loading and unloading process.

Inadequate preparation of cargo hold spaces can lead to delays in loading operations, resulting in time losses and disruptions in operational efficiency. The cleaning of cargo holds must comply with company regulations and the Maritime Labour Convention; however, it often extends beyond crew working hours due to time constraints and insufficient equipment. This study aims to evaluate the cleaning procedures for cargo holds on the MV Golden Destiny. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data collected through direct observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. Data were analyzed qualitatively with validity assessed using triangulation techniques and source triangulation. The findings indicate that cargo hold cleaning on the MV Golden Destiny adheres to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) comprising pre-wash, wash, and post-wash stages, supervised by the Chief Officer, and meets National Sanitary Authorities (SENASA) standards. The process encountered challenges, including limited cleaning equipment and time constraints. The effort to these challenges included procuring new equipment, regular maintenance of cleaning tools, and enhancing crew coordination.

This study aims to analyze interest rate risk management in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that use People's Business Credit (KUR) facilities, with a case study at the Kari Water Drinking Water Depot in Kulim District, Pekanbaru City. Fluctuations in interest rates are one of the financial risks that can affect the continuity of MSME businesses, especially in terms of the ability to pay credit obligations. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Kari Water Depot faces financial risks due to interest rate fluctuations, operational risks related to water distribution and quality, and legal risks due to drinking water quality regulations. The application of risk management based on ISO 31000 has been proven to help in the process of systematic risk identification, analysis, and mitigation. The mitigation strategy through investment in Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology is considered effective because it can improve product quality and operational efficiency. However, the success of this strategy is greatly influenced by the readiness of human resources, access to financing, and mature risk planning. This study recommends the importance of risk management training for MSMEs and policy support in the form of access to affordable funding and environmentally friendly technology to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs amidst economic dynamics.

This study aims to identify risk management processes and analyze management strategies that can be implemented by Pineapple Chips MSMEs in Kualu Nenas Village. The approach refers to the ISO 31000 framework, which includes risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and management. The results show that the most significant risks are in the high category, especially financial and operational risks, such as fluctuations in raw material prices, product damage due to improper storage, and limited human resources in marketing and production management. To minimize the impact of risks, a thorough analysis and appropriate mitigation strategies are required. The implementation of systematic risk management is considered capable of reducing potential losses, increasing business resilience, and strengthening the position of MSMEs in facing market dynamics. This approach is also crucial in maintaining business continuity, increasing consumer trust, and maintaining business reputation.  

This study focuses on developing a web-based Research and Community Service Information System (SIPPMAS) for Politeknik Takumi Bekasi, utilizing the Waterfall methodology. The aim is to create an integrated platform that streamlines the management of research and community service activities, from proposal submission and budget allocation to project execution and final reporting. The Waterfall method was chosen for its structured, sequential approach, ensuring a systematic development process through distinct phases: requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This approach is expected to enhance data accuracy, improve operational efficiency, and provide real-time project monitoring, ultimately facilitating better collaboration among stakeholders and increasing the overall impact of research and community service initiatives at Politeknik Takumi Bekasi. The system is designed to address current manual administrative challenges, offering a centralized and accessible solution for all users.

Digitalization has become the driving force behind transformation in the logistics sector, particularly at seaports, which serve as key nodes in the global supply chain. Indonesian ports face persistent challenges such as high logistics costs and long vessel turnaround times. By implementing digital technologies such as the Port Community System (PCS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Blockchain, ports can enhance operational efficiency, accelerate service processes, and improve transparency and accountability. Digital systems also enable real-time integration among stakeholders, contributing to faster cargo flow and reduced national logistics costs. However, the implementation of digitalization is not without significant barriers, including limited information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, low digital competencies among the workforce, and high initial investment costs. Furthermore, ports face organizational cultural resistance to change and cybersecurity risks that threaten operational continuity. Smaller ports in developing countries often struggle to adopt these technologies independently due to budget constraints. To overcome these challenges, synergy between the government, port operators, and technology providers is essential. Programs such as the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) represent a strategic step to accelerate sustainable digital adoption. With a holistic approach encompassing technology, human resources, and business processes, digitalization can become a key catalyst in enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesian ports on a global scale.

A 300 kVA generator set is an important tool as a backup power source in many sectors. Manual monitoring of generator set performance is often inefficient and can cause delays in detecting problems. Various advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology have enabled the design of remote monitoring systems to overcome these limitations. This study aims to develop an IoT-based monitoring tool capable of monitoring important generator set parameters such as voltage, current, power, and engine temperature in real-time. This will enhance generator set management efficiency and reduce the risk of damage. The method used is an experimental approach involving the creation of an IoT-based monitoring system prototype. Operational data from the generator set is collected using sensors and then transmitted to an IoT platform for analysis. This research uses PZEM-004T sensors to monitor parameters such as power, current, and voltage. RTD PT100 sensors monitor parameters such as engine temperature, oil temperature, and turbo temperature. Honeywell PX3 sensors monitor oil pressure. Honeywell 1GT101DC sensors monitor engine speed. The results of the study show that the device works well with an average error of 0.76% from the sensors used. The greater the distance between the Wi-Fi modem and the device, the slower the data response speed.

 The increasing use of electric vehicles in last-mile logistics distribution demands efficient and strategic charging infrastructure. This study aims to determine the optimal location for electric vehicle charging stations in Semarang City using the Set Covering Problem approach. A total of 17 last-mile distribution points operated by a logistics company were analyzed based on geographic data consisting of latitude and longitude coordinates, which were then processed into a distance matrix using the Euclidean formula. The optimization model was developed under the constraint of the electric vehicle’s maximum coverage radius and solved using binary linear programming. The analysis revealed that a single charging station located in Central Semarang is sufficient to cover all distribution points spread across the city. These findings reinforce the efficiency of the set covering approach in infrastructure planning and offer practical implications for logistics companies to optimize resources, minimize investment costs, and improve operational efficiency.

Baggage handling is a crucial aspect of airline operations, including the lost and found unit, which handles lost, damaged, exchanged, and found baggage issues. At Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, these issues remain common. This study aims to analyze the performance of Citilink's lost and found officers in handling various baggage issues and evaluate the unit's productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness. The method used was descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach, collecting data through observation, semi-structured interviews with officers, and documenting operational procedures and baggage handling reports. The results indicate that lost and found officers play a crucial role in post-flight service, from receiving reports to providing compensation. Although procedures are carried out according to SOPs, obstacles such as a lack of manpower and a manual reporting system slow down the process. Officer performance is quite good, but efficiency improvements and the use of technology are needed, such as further training and a modern baggage tracking system.  

This study aims to determine the effect of Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Operational Efficiency on Financial Performance in the Conventional Banking Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019-2023. The research method used is quantitative using secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely the annual financial reports of conventional banks. The sampling technique was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The analysis was carried out with credit risk using the Net Performing Loan (NPL) ratio, liquidity risk using the Loan to Deposits Ratio (LDR) ratio, operational efficiency using the Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) ratio and financial performance was measured using Return On Assets (ROA). The results of the study showed that partially the credit risk variable had a significant negative effect on financial performance, liquidity risk did not have a significant effect on financial performance, operational efficiency did not have a significant effect on financial performance. Simultaneously, credit risk, liquidity risk, operational efficiency had a significant effect on financial performance.