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The dissenting opinion phenomenon in Decision Number 12/G/2021/PTUN.GTO reflects the tension between the principle of legality and administrative practice in the dishonorable dismissal (PTDH) of Polri members. This study aims to analyze the legal position of dissenting opinions in the state administrative judicial system and assess the extent to which PTDH decisions reflect compliance with the principle of legality and general principles of good governance. This research uses juridical-normative method with conceptual approach and case study. The results of the study show that dissenting opinions function as judicial control over the potential for abuse of administrative authority, especially when the legal basis for PTDH refers to circular letters that do not have the binding force of laws and regulations. It is recommended that the PTDH mechanism prioritizes the principle of due process of law to ensure justice and legal certainty for members of the National Police who are subject to administrative sanctions.

Language plays a vital role in expressing emotions, facilitating communication, and conveying a speaker’s stance through modality. This study analyzes the use of modality in a political speech by Donald Trump regarding a new U.S.-China trade deal, delivered on May 12, 2025. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the research investigates how modality reflects Trump's intentions, beliefs, and authority. Data were collected through indirect observation of a YouTube video titled “President Trump touts new US-China trade deal: We Opened Up China”, followed by transcription, identification, and categorization of modality types based on Palmer's (2013) framework: epistemic, deontic, and dynamic modality. The findings reveal that Trump uses epistemic modality to express speculation, deontic modality to convey obligation and prohibition, and dynamic modality to demonstrate capability and initiative. These elements function strategically to shape his image as a decisive and persuasive leader. The study supports previous findings that modality serves as a rhetorical device in political discourse, contributing to influence and narrative construction.

This study explores the use of referential expressions in six selected songs from NIKI Zefanya’s 2024 album Buzz. Using a qualitative descriptive method and Halliday and Hasan’s theory of reference, the research aims to identify the types of referential expressions used in the lyrics and analyze their contribution to meaning and emotional impact. The findings reveal a total of 74 referential expressions, consisting of 53 personal references, 9 demonstrative references, and 12 comparative references. Personal references, such as I, you, and my, are the most dominant and function to express intimacy, personal emotion, and connection with the listener. Demonstrative references, like this and that, help point to emotional states or symbolic meanings. Comparative references, including like, better, and too much, are used to express metaphor, contrast, or emotional intensity. The study concludes that referential expressions not only serve grammatical functions but also shape how meaning is constructed in song lyrics. These expressions enhance narrative clarity, emotional depth, and listener engagement, showing that even small linguistic choices can have a strong impact on how music is experienced and understood.

This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Alie in the novel Rumah untuk Alie by Lenn Liu using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach. The focus of the study lies in identifying and interpreting the personality structures of id, ego, and superego, as well as the ego defense mechanisms that emerge as responses to trauma and violence within the family environment. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, utilizing content analysis techniques on the narrative, dialogue, and monologue of the main character. The results indicate that Alie’s id is manifested in a deep longing for love and protection, the ego functions in adapting and adjusting to the reality of a rejecting family, while the superego is reflected through feelings of guilt and a tendency to accept mistreatment as a form of self-punishment. These findings confirm that traumatic experiences and family pressures significantly influence the development of personality and mental health of the character. This study also highlights the relevance of literary psychology in revealing psychological issues faced by contemporary Indonesian society through literary works.

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

Mathematics learning does not only focus on students' mastery of numbers, but also functions significantly in developing the ability to solve problems holistically. This skill is not something that is taught separately, but is integrated into the entire educational process, offering a real context so that mathematical concepts and abilities can be understood and applied. One approach that is highly recommended to achieve this is Problem Based Learning (PBL). This method has been proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills through exploration and solving relevant problems, allowing students' knowledge to grow in a constructive way. The low achievement in problem-solving competency in Indonesia is a strong reason to apply PBL in mathematics teaching. This study aims to analyze the literature on the application of PBL to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data were collected and analyzed from relevant journals, and testing and comparison of results were carried out to identify patterns and results from previous studies. In addition, this study also applies a bibliometric approach to explore publication trends, keywords, and the development of themes related to PBL in mathematics education. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software to map the relationship between topics and the progress of PBL research themes in the world of mathematics education.

The concept of sustainable living has increasingly influenced daily life, with communities adopting healthy habits, eco-friendly actions, and paperless practices. Lyfe With Less is one community actively promoting sustainability through the #SalingSilang campaign. This study analyzes their communication strategies to encourage sustainable lifestyles via social media. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through digital searches and observation. Findings reveal that social media functions as both an educational platform and a catalyst for social change. A multi-platform strategy ensures broad information dissemination, while exclusive memberships, such as those on Telegram, support deeper community engagement. Programs like the #SalingSilang Free Market and #BersalingSilang offer sustainable consumption alternatives. In 2024, 1,588 second-hand items were exchanged in Bandung, and 3,305 people participated in events across multiple cities. Innovations such as the Sustainable Journey Passport and subsidized shipping fees for online trades enhance public participation. Through these initiatives, Lyfe With Less has built a communication ecosystem that fosters minimalist and environmentally conscious lifestyles. Their approach effectively reduces overconsumption, raises waste management awareness, and demonstrates how social media can be a powerful tool for promoting sustainability.

The PG45 DC motor is a drive system used on sediment detection boat. To achieve the desired stability and speed, it is necessary to apply a control system to the sediment detection boat drive system. Control systems need to be tuned to ensure that they function properly and are responsive to changes. In order to complement the previous research, further research was carried out focusing on determining the PID control parameters on the angular speed of the PG45 DC Motor using Simulink. The PG45 DC motor works based on the Arduino programming algorithm that has been designed so that it can rotate at a predetermined speed. This research modeled the sediment detection ship system on Simulink with a similarity rate of 94.09%. The results of this study indicate that the tuning method used, namely trial and error, produces good control on the sediment detection ship system model that has been assembled in Simulink with the value of Kp = 100; Ki = 5; Kd = 15 obtained the value of rise time = 0.2474 seconds and settling time = 0.4104 seconds and overshoot = 0.2175%%.

Today's cafe interiors are not only required to be comfortable, but must also have a strong visual appeal. Aesthetics and function are two important aspects that complement each other in creating a space that supports social interaction and reflects the character of the cafe itself. This study examines how design elements such as color, lighting, materials, and spatial arrangement can shape the visitor experience without ignoring the main function of the room. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study explores examples of cafe interior designs in Indonesia that have successfully combined aesthetic values and functional needs. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the success of a cafe in attracting customers is greatly influenced by the balance between an attractive visual appearance and the comfort of using the space. These findings are expected to be a reference for designers and cafe owners in creating a functional space that also has strong visual characteristics.

This study is a literature review that discusses the relationship between sports and politics in historical and contemporary contexts. Through an analysis of 10 recent scientific articles and journals, it was found that sports function not only as physical activities, but also as a tool of diplomacy, a symbol of identity, and a means of political expression. This study identifies various forms of political intervention in sports, both at the institutional level such as FIFA and UEFA, and by countries and individuals such as athletes. In Indonesia, history shows that sports have been a medium for political struggle since the colonial era until now as a tool for imaging and policy diplomacy. This finding emphasizes that sports are not neutral spaces, but strategic arenas in the dynamics of power and global identity. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions in understanding the strategic role of sports in socio-political development and encourages broader interdisciplinary studies in the future.

This research examines the crucial role of the Holy Spirit in the spiritual growth and ministry of contemporary Christians, considering that many have not actively experienced His involvement, resulting in low spiritual quality. Its objective is to re-examine the Holy Spirit's influence for a clearer understanding. Employing a qualitative library research method with textual analysis of the Bible and theological literature (hermeneutics), this study finds that the Holy Spirit is a divine person actively guiding, transforming character, and serving as Creator, Reconciler, and Redeemer. The Pentecost event demonstrates initial empowerment. Spiritual gifts are an expression of His role, which, though debated, function to equip ministry, strengthen community, and facilitate evangelism. The Holy Spirit is also a source of character transformation and empowerment for mission. Baptism in the Holy Spirit becomes a moment of life change and sanctification. The implication is that a clear understanding and open attitude towards the Holy Spirit are essential for unity, church growth, and glorifying Christ.

Play for early childhood is very important in the development of his personality. Playing for a child is not just filling time, but a medium for children to learn. Every form of play activity in children has a positive value for the development of their personality. However, free play is often the key to unlocking the creative talents that every human being possesses. Playing with children is useful for exploring their world, developing their competence to cope with it, and fostering their creativity. The function of play for early childhood can be used as an intervention that, if implemented properly, whether equipped with tools or without tools, will greatly assist social, emotional, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development in general, and develop children's creativity.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of fish brain-brain products using milkfish surimi (Chanos chanos.Forskal) as the base ingredient, with variations in fillers such as tapioca flour, egg white, and Eucheuma cottonii seaweed.  Three formulations were used: (F1) surimi + tapioca starch, (F2) surimi + egg white, and (F3) surimi + Euchema cottonii seaweed. Proximate analyses were conducted to determine the moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content. The results showed that the addition of various fillers had a significant effect (P>0.05) on the value of protein, carbohydrate and water in the brain. While for fat and ash content, there was no significant effect (P<0.05). The average water content ranged from 66.5% to 72%, with the lowest content in the brain-brain added with tapioca flour. The highest protein content was obtained in the P2 treatment (egg white), which was 18.9%, while the treatment with the addition of tapioca flour showed the lowest protein content of 12.8%. Sensory value using Kruskal waliss treatment that gets a high average value is the aroma, taste, and texture of the addition of egg white fillers, while the texture is with the addition of Euschema cottonii seaweed fillers. Egg white significantly increased the protein content. The best formulation based on nutritional content and panellists' liking value was F2 (Surimi + Egg white). This study shows the potential for the development of milkfish-based processed products that are highly nutritious and functional..

This study analyzes the pragmatic aspects in the subtitle translation of Mean Girls (2004) from English to Indonesian, focusing on speech acts, implicatures, and politeness strategies. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation and recording of film dialogues, then analyzed based on pragmatic theory. The results show that the functions and intentions of speech acts are generally maintained in the translation, although there is a softening of intensity or nuance to fit the norms of Indonesian politeness. In terms of implicature, there is a shift or loss of implied meaning, especially in expressions of humor, irony, and cultural idioms that are difficult to translate directly. Politeness strategies in the original version that tend to be frontal and explicit are often mitigated in translation to conform to Indonesian communication norms that prioritize social harmony. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity and pragmatic context understanding in audiovisual translation to effectively convey the meaning and nuances of intercultural communication.  

Interlocutory decisions and final decisions are two forms of court decisions that have strategic functions in ensuring the application of the principles of procedural justice. In Indonesian judicial practice, procedural irregularities, norm inconsistencies, and lack of transparency often occur which hinder the achievement of legal justice. This research aims to analyze the role and position of interlocutory decisions and final decisions in the Indonesian judicial system, and identify normative and practical obstacles faced in their implementation. The type of research used is normative juridical with conceptual and statutory approaches. The results showed that regulatory weaknesses, low quality of judicial consideration, and limited access to information were the main obstacles in realizing procedural justice. Therefore, it is recommended to harmonize procedural laws, increase the capacity of judges, and digitize open decisions to ensure effective, transparent, and dignified justice in the national justice system.

This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between interest rates, exchange rates, and inflation in Indonesia during the period 1994–2023 using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach. The data used are monthly time series secondary data obtained from the World Bank. The Johansen cointegration test results indicate a long-term relationship among the three variables. However, the Granger causality test finds no significant short-term causal relationship. The VECM estimation reveals that inflation is the most responsive variable in correcting long-term disequilibrium, while the exchange rate plays a dominant role in influencing both inflation and interest rates. The Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition results indicate that these variables interact dynamically, especially in the medium to long term. These findings highlight the importance of exchange rate stabilization and enhancing the effectiveness of monetary policy to maintain macroeconomic stability in Indonesia.

The State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is a fundamental fiscal policy instrument for realizing national development and public welfare. This study aims to analyze the correlation between APBN management and Indonesia’s economic growth, focusing on the effectiveness of government spending and oversight of budget misappropriations. Based on the 2023 audit report by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), financial losses due to APBN mismanagement reached IDR 8.2 trillion, highlighting the weakness in financial oversight and transparency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the significance of budget efficiency and the implementation of APBN’s fiscal functions in supporting macroeconomic stability. The findings suggest that government spending significantly influences economic growth, yet its effectiveness is heavily dependent on robust monitoring systems and sound fiscal strategies. Therefore, strengthening fiscal transparency and supervision is crucial to prevent state losses and promote equitable development.

This study aims to analyze and describe the effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) management, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in Negeri Amahusu, Nusaniwe District, Ambon City. The research employs a qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques for data collection.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Negeri Amahusu is transparent, but community participation needs to be improved through more effective socialization and communication. The use of ADD aligns with the planned budget, yet challenges persist in fund disbursement and transparency in proposal acceptance. Financial administration is carried out accountably, despite encountering technical difficulties in transaction recording. The capacity of village officials still requires improvement, particularly in understanding updated regulations and financial reporting. Community participation is relatively high in village meetings and mutual cooperation activities, although material contributions remain limited. Coordination between institutions functions effectively, yet formal communication must be enhanced to ensure clearer information dissemination and greater community involvement.  

Limited land in the urban area of Jayapura Regency is a major challenge in the provision of Green Open Space (RTH), even though the existence of RTH is very important to maintain ecological balance and the quality of the community's living environment. In this context, the Dosay Public Cemetery (TPU) has great potential to be optimized as an alternative green space that is multifunctional-ecological, social, and aesthetic. This study aims to assess community perceptions of the utilization of TPU Dosay as a green space, as well as to formulate a strategy for its sustainable development. The approach used was mixed methods, with data collection through a survey using a Likert scale to 35 respondents, open interviews with 9 key informants, as well as SWOT and AHP analysis. The results showed that most people support the development of TPU Dosay as a reflective green space that is comfortable and ecologically valuable. From the results of AHP analysis, policy and regulation aspects are the top priorities in the development strategy, followed by vegetation and accessibility aspects. Strategic recommendations include the preparation of adaptive vegetation zoning, strengthening the local policy framework, active involvement of indigenous communities, and cross-sector collaboration between local governments, academics and the private sector. With the right strategy, the development of TPU Dosay is expected to be an innovative solution in overcoming the shortage of green spaces in Jayapura Regency.

SMK TPI Gedangan Sidoarjo is one of the private high schools in Sidoarjo that offers 3 expertise programs, namely Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering, and Software Engineering (RPL). These programs are designed to equip students with practical skills that are in accordance with the needs of industry and the world of work. With the vision of the school is to produce middle-class workers who are ready to enter society, industry, and become independent entrepreneurs, have a global perspective, have noble character, and can apply themselves. On the other hand, many vocational schools have not provided systematic guidance or practical curriculum on the use of various types of social media for business promotion purposes. In order to improve the quality of students, 28 students were sent to learn about how to promote MSME products through social media. This training aims to explore how vocational schools can effectively utilize social media to promote their MSME products by recognizing the differences in characteristics and functions of each platform. With this approach, patterns of social media usage that are right on target can be found as well as training or mentoring strategies that are in accordance with student needs. The results of this training can be a reference for developing relevant and applicable digital marketing learning modules in the vocational high school environment. The results of participant feedback at the end of the training showed that 91% of students could understand the material provided and the trainer could provide effective UMKM product promotion solutions according to the current needs of students.