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Rainfall potential analysis plays a critical role in the management of air resources, mitigation of hydrometeorological disasters, and agricultural activity planning. Accurate estimation of rainfall patterns is essential to ensure effective decision-making in irrigation systems, water resource management, and disaster risk reduction strategies. This study aims to model the probability of rainfall occurrence using a statistical approach based on historical data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology. The data spans a multi-year period and captures seasonal and regional variability in rainfall events. To characterize rainfall patterns, various probability distributions are tested, including the exponential distribution and the Weibull distribution, which are commonly applied in hydrological studies. Furthermore, the Markov chain method is employed to assess the likelihood of rainfall occurrence on a given day based on the conditions of the preceding day, thereby capturing temporal dependencies. Parameter estimation is conducted using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), a robust statistical method that enhances the precision of the model. The suitability of each probability distribution in representing the observed rainfall data is evaluated through goodness-of-fit tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The findings reveal that certain distributions align more closely with the local rainfall characteristics, demonstrating the importance of regional analysis in climate modeling. The combination of probabilistic modeling, Markov analysis, and rigorous statistical testing provides a reliable framework for forecasting rainfall. These results are expected to serve as a scientific basis for stakeholders in agriculture, environmental planning, and disaster preparedness, offering insights that support sustainable water resource utilization and risk management.

This study explores the potential of community-based tourism in Bili Bante, including aspects of natural beauty, cultural diversity, and ecotourism. The observations show that around 75% of the tourist areas in Bili Bante are still preserved with minimal environmental pollution, making it a potential destination for ecotourism development. In addition, the cultural diversity of the local community, including traditional traditions, traditional music, and handicrafts, can be a strong tourist attraction. The interviews with local people revealed that 60% support the development of community-based tourism to improve the local economy, although 40% are concerned about the negative impacts on the environment if tourism management is not carried out carefully. The main obstacles identified are inadequate infrastructure and lack of destination promotion. Based on these findings, this study recommends increasing investment in infrastructure development, training for local people, and developing more effective marketing strategies. In addition, clear regulations regarding natural resource management and environmental conservation must be enforced to support the sustainability of tourism development in Bili Bante.

This study aims to examine how behavior modification in orphanage adolescents through the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) method can enhance awareness of hygiene and health, particularly at Al-Munasaroh Orphanage. The research adopts an action research or intervention-based approach using qualitative methods. It emphasizes the analysis of behavioral changes through direct field observations and in-depth interviews, focusing on the quality and impact of behavioral modification among adolescents. The intervention was designed to address the lack of awareness regarding personal hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and health routines commonly found in institutionalized adolescents. The study investigates the various factors that influence the success of behavior modification, including internal motivation, emotional regulation, and external support from caregivers, peers, and the living environment. The CBT-based modification process spanned 18 structured sessions, which included psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, role-playing, habit formation, and reinforcement techniques. Additionally, environmental improvements and the availability of hygiene-related facilities were integrated to support the desired behavioral outcomes.  Findings reveal significant changes in daily hygiene practices among participants, such as increased frequency of handwashing, tidiness in personal belongings, regular bathing, and active participation in cleaning shared spaces. The support of peers and caregivers played a crucial role in maintaining consistency and motivation. The study concludes that CBT is an effective method for fostering awareness and instilling sustainable hygiene behaviors in adolescents living in orphanages. Based on these results, recommendations are proposed for integrating CBT-based hygiene programs into routine care at orphanages to promote long-term behavioral change and health awareness.

The development of the Toba Caldera Geopark as a national priority tourism destination is part of the government’s efforts to drive regional economic growth, improve community welfare, and strengthen Indonesia’s position in sustainable tourism. However, its implementation presents significant challenges in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and social justice, particularly for indigenous communities around the area. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Toba Caldera Geopark development policy on the environment and local indigenous communities. A multidisciplinary approach was employed, combining qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and participatory observations, along with quantitative data from surveys and official secondary sources. The results indicate potential conflicts between tourism infrastructure development and nature conservation, including environmental degradation and the erosion of local cultural values. Additionally, there is a risk of marginalization of indigenous communities in terms of access to natural resources and their involvement in decision-making processes. Therefore, this study recommends the need for more inclusive and sustainable policies that place indigenous communities at the center of geopark management. Active participation of local communities, recognition of customary land rights, and development approaches based on local wisdom are essential to achieving equitable, sustainable, and environmentally responsible development of the Toba Caldera Geopark.

Antutan Village faces soil fertility problems due to high acidity caused by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers without being balanced with organic matter. This has resulted in low agricultural productivity, especially in rice and cocoa crops. As an alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and economical, Jadam Liquid Fertilizer (JLF) was introduced to farmers through socialization and demonstration activities. This activity aims to increase farmers' understanding of the benefits of organic fertilizer in improving soil fertility and provide skills in the manufacture and application of JLF independently. The method used in this activity includes the delivery of material on the negative impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the importance of microorganisms in the soil, and the technique of making JLF using local materials such as weeds, rice straw, and banana stump. Live demonstrations were conducted to show the fermentation process as well as how to apply JLF on farmland. Farmers were given the opportunity to actively participate in every stage of JLF production and application.The results showed a positive response from farmers who were interested in adopting this technology as an alternative to organic fertilizer. With this socialization and demonstration, it is expected that farmers can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility in a sustainable manner. The application of JLF is expected to be the first step in the development of sustainable agriculture in Antutan Village.

The study explores the application of bioethical aspects in the use of botanical pesticides for pest prevention in the environment at the Horticultural Seed Development Unit (UPT) under the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Utilizing a qualitative approach with quantitative elements, this research aims to deepen understanding regarding bioethical practices in botanical pesticide usage and evaluate its effectiveness in controlling pests. The population consists of employees and students involved in pesticide-related activities, selected through purposive sampling to ensure knowledgeable respondents. Key variables include the independent variable of botanical pesticide application and dependent variables such as pest population reduction, environmental impact, and the presence of beneficial non-target organisms like pollinators. The descriptive qualitative method combined with survey techniques provides insights into how bioethical principles are integrated into pest control strategies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This research contributes to advancing environmentally friendly pest management solutions while maintaining ecological balance.

This research discusses the role of social and environmental factors in sustainable investment in Indonesia. This research discusses the progress of sustainable investment in Indonesia which is increasingly receiving attention as a response to demands to achieve inclusive economic growth and maintain environmental balance. This research aims to analyze the role of social and environmental factors in the context of sustainable investment in Indonesia. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, researchers investigate how social factors, such as social justice, and environmental factors, such as environmental sustainability, influence investment decisions in various economic sectors. This research uses primary and secondary data to detail the impact of sustainable investment on economic growth, social resilience and environmental conservation. The research results show that the role of social factors, such as local community involvement, and environmental factors, such as environmentally friendly practices, have a positive influence on sustainable investment performance. This research also identifies the challenges and opportunities faced by stakeholders in implementing sustainable investment in Indonesia. These findings provide valuable insights for decision makers, governments and business people in developing sustainable investment strategies that are in line with social values and environmental sustainability. By understanding the complexity of social and environmental factors, it is hoped that sustainable investment can become the main pillar in encouraging sustainable development in Indonesia.

Tourism rural become one of the development strategies that aims for increase welfare public at a time to preserve culture and environment. Lebak Muncang Tourism Village is one of example transformation the village that experienced development significant in sector tourism. Research this aiming for analyze changes that occurred in Lebak Muncang Tourism Village consequence development tourist as well as the impact to environment and society local. The research method used is studies qualitative with approach observation and interview deep to community and stakeholders interests. Research results show that tourist has give benefit economy for public through improvement opportunity work and effort. However, the impact negative also appears, such as improvement amount trash and change pattern social society. Therefore that, is needed policy management more tourism​ sustainable so that the benefits can felt in a way term long without damage balance environment and culture local.

Waste management is increasingly critical due to the rising waste generated by community activities driven by a consumptive lifestyle. A key solution to this issue is the implementation of waste bank programs, though community participation and operational efficiency remain challenges, as seen with the Bangkitku Waste Bank in Jambi City. This study focuses on designing the user interface for the Bangkitku Waste Bank Information System using the design thinking method and evaluating the usability of the prototype. The design process followed the five stages of design thinking: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test, with data collected through interviews and observations. The analysis involved tools such as empathy maps, user personas, sitemaps, and user flows, with prototypes created using Figma. Usability testing was conducted with 10 participants, including administrators and customers, resulting in high usability scores—98 for administrators and 97 for customers. The majority of participants found the system easy to use, as indicated by responses on the Single Ease Question (SEQ) survey. The prototype met key usability criteria, improving both operational efficiency and community engagement in waste bank management. The findings demonstrate the system's potential to foster sustainable environmental practices and enhance the effectiveness of waste bank management.

Organisms and their natural environments are inherently connected and interdependent, with humans relying extensively on natural resources to meet daily needs and sustain life. Among them, indigenous communities maintain a distinctive relationship with their surroundings, guided by traditional ecological knowledge passed down orally from generation to generation. This body of knowledge, known as local wisdom, is deeply embedded within the natural, social, and cultural contexts of each community and plays a vital role in ensuring their long-term survival and well-being. The present study aims to examine the current socio-cultural conditions of customary law communities in three indigenous villages of Jayapura City—Kayu Batu, Kayo Pulau, and Skouw Yambe. Specifically, it seeks to identify the types of local wisdom practiced within these communities and to assess the efforts undertaken to preserve such traditions. A qualitative research approach was adopted, employing multiple data collection techniques, including direct observation, in-depth interviews with community leaders and members, and literature review of related studies and historical accounts. The findings indicate that, despite increasing pressures from modernization, urban expansion, and external cultural influences, these communities continue to implement local wisdom in managing and protecting their natural environment and resources. This includes sustainable harvesting practices, customary rules for resource allocation, seasonal restrictions to allow ecosystem regeneration, and culturally embedded conservation rituals. The endurance of these practices is supported by the functioning of customary institutions, strong kinship ties, community protocols, and collective decision-making mechanisms that integrate environmental considerations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the environmental stewardship, resource management practices, and cultural identity of these three customary communities remain actively upheld. This resilience underscores the critical importance of safeguarding indigenous knowledge systems as a foundation for environmental sustainability and cultural preservation in the face of contemporary socio-economic change.

In today's competitive and dynamic business world, budgeting is no longer viewed solely as an administrative tool but has evolved into a crucial strategic instrument for organizational planning and decision-making. This study aims to explore the strategic role of budgeting in supporting the achievement of organizational goals, particularly through the alignment of short-term and long-term strategies. The method used is a literature study by examining various financial management theories and budgeting practices in several industrial sectors. The results of the study indicate that strategic budgeting can provide clear direction in resource allocation, organizational priority setting, and performance evaluation. In addition to being a control tool, the budget also functions to strengthen coordination between work units and support data-based decision-making. The participation of various stakeholders in the budgeting process plays a crucial role in increasing accountability, transparency, and a sense of ownership in achieving organizational goals. The integration of budget and strategy enables organizations to be more adaptive and responsive to the dynamics of the external environment. Thus, a flexible and participatory budgeting approach is essential so that the budget is not merely a static document but also a dynamic tool in supporting sustainable competitive advantage. This research concludes that strategically oriented budgeting significantly contributes to organizational effectiveness and success in achieving long-term goals.

Waste sorting is one of the important steps in sustainable environmental management. However, elementary school students' awareness in sorting organic and non-organic waste is still relatively low. This can have an impact on increasing the volume of waste that is not managed properly, which ultimately contributes to environmental pollution. This community service aims to measure the effectiveness of the use of two-compartment trash bins in improving students' understanding of waste sorting. The method used is observation with an action study approach on elementary school students. The results of observations after socialization showed an increase in students' understanding after the use of two-compartment trash bins, which was reflected in the increased accuracy in disposing of waste into the appropriate compartment. The use of two-compartment trash bins has proven effective in increasing students' awareness and habits in sorting waste.

The Punti Kayu Tourism Forest has great potential in maintaining environmental balance and improving the local economy. However, this potential has not been utilized optimally due to lack of public awareness and limited skills. This community service activity aims to increase public awareness about the economic and educational potential of the Punti Kayu Tourism Forest, provide training and assistance in utilizing the potential of the tourism forest, and encourage the development of creative economy products based on the tourism forest. The method used is counselling and socialization, which is carried out by the Prasetiya Mandiri Polytechnic Lecturer Team, PSDKU Palembang, on April 10, 2025. The results of the activity showed an increase in the number of visitors to the tourist forest, an increase in the income of local communities, and an increase in public awareness about the importance of conservation. The interpretation of the results shows that this community service activity has had a significant positive impact on the community and the environment. The conclusion of this activity is that community empowerment through education and training is the key to success in utilizing the potential of urban forests in a sustainable manner.

This study examines the effectiveness of Management Information Systems (MIS) in environmental permit administration within the Environmental Agency of Makassar City during the 2023-2024 period. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research integrates several theoretical frameworks including Systems Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource-Based View (RBV), Diffusion of Innovations, and Contingency Theory to comprehensively evaluate MIS performance. Through in-depth interviews with 35 respondents, direct observations, and documentation analysis over six months, the research identifies the impact of MIS implementation on environmental governance. Findings reveal significant improvements in processing efficiency (42% time reduction), administrative error reduction (67% decrease), and enhanced stakeholder engagement (53% increase in public participation). Nevertheless, challenges persist in regulatory alignment, technical reliability (12% system downtime), and user adaptation (23% of staff reporting usage difficulties). The study underscores the importance of continuous system optimization, targeted training, and cross-departmental integration for sustainable environmental governance. Theoretical contributions include an integrated MIS evaluation model for environmental administration contexts, while practical implications offer recommendations for technology-based permitting process improvements. Research limitations include a single geographic focus and relatively short observation period, suggesting the need for future longitudinal and comparative studies.

Background: As you get older, health problems increase, one of which is stress. Stress is very important because stress will have an impact on the quality of life and psychological well-being of the elderly. Psychological well-being in the elderly is the elderly's ability to accept themselves as they are, be able to build positive relationships with other people, be able to independently face social pressure, master the environment, have a purpose in life, and be able to realize one's potential in a sustainable manner. Stress in the elderly can describe that a person experiences a decrease in psychological well-being in the elderly which can be said to be low. Objective: This research is to analyze the relationship between stress levels and psychological well-being in elderly people at the Pucang Gading Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Ungaran Elderly Social Service Homes. Method: This research is a type of correlational quantitative research using the cross-section method. The sample taken in this study was 105 elderly people who were in the Pucang Gading Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Ungaran elderly service homes. The instrument for measuring stress levels and psychological wellbeing in the elderly uses a questionnaire. The test used in this research is the Gamma test. Conclusion: There is a relationship between stress levels and psychological wellbeing in the elderly at the Pucang Gading Semarang and Wening Wardhoyo Ungaran Social Service Homes for the Elderly.

Infrastructure development has become a national priority to drive economic growth, with the KPBU (Public-Private Partnership) scheme as a solution to budget limitations. The transformation of PJPK (Project Implementing Agency) law in the latest regulations, including the authority of the Rector of State Universities with Legal Entity (PTN BH) and restrictions on the Board of Directors of Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD), demonstrates the policy dynamics that influence the effectiveness of infrastructure management based on KPBU in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches to analyze regulations and legal theories related to the role of PJPK in KPBU. This approach aims to provide a strong argumentative foundation and a comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects in the implementation of infrastructure based on KPBU. This article emphasizes that the regulatory reform of the PJPK role in KPBU aims to enhance efficiency, accountability, and legal certainty. With the latest regulations, the role of PJPK becomes clearer, accelerating sustainable infrastructure projects and creating a more conducive investment environment for the private sector.

This research aims to analyze the relationships among total risk, capital structure, and profitability, and their impact on corporate sustainability, with firm performance acting as a mediator. Corporate sustainability has become increasingly important in today’s competitive and dynamic business environment. A literature review indicates that well-managed total risk can enhance firm performance, while an optimal capital structure contributes to higher profitability. In turn, profitability enables companies to invest in innovation and sustainable development. This study identifies a gap in the existing literature, as few studies integrate these three factors within the context of sustainability. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to provide deeper insights into how total risk, capital structure, and profitability interact to support corporate sustainability. The findings are expected to significantly contribute to financial management practices and sustainable corporate policies.

Environmental issues in Bumi Ayu Subdistrict are characterized by a low level of public awareness and understanding of the impacts of environmentally unfriendly behaviors, including the use of single-use plastics, water pollution, and waste burning. This condition presents a significant challenge to the implementation of sustainable development at the community level, particularly in maintaining environmental quality and public health. This community service activity aims to enhance community participation in environmental conservation and to strengthen social awareness of sustainable development through a participatory and educative approach. The methods employed include interactive presentations, group discussions, and the development of informational media as accessible and effective educational tools for various community groups. The results indicate an improvement in community understanding of the relationship between daily behaviors and environmental degradation, accompanied by the emergence of collective awareness and active participation in environmental conservation initiatives such as waste management, waste sorting, and greening programs. Overall, this activity contributes to encouraging behavioral change toward environmentally responsible practices, fostering shared responsibility, and supporting sustainable social and environmental development in the local community.

The rapid penetration of mobile devices among students has created significant opportunities to optimize mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) for enhancing language acquisition in digital environments. Despite its potential, the implementation of MALL often remains suboptimal due to technical limitations, lack of pedagogical planning, and insufficient integration of interactive features, which limits its effectiveness in supporting structured learning. This study aims to examine how MALL applications influence student engagement, self-regulation, and language learning outcomes, while addressing the gap between technological affordances and instructional practices. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative surveys, learning analytics, and qualitative interviews with higher education students who regularly use mobile applications for language learning. The methodology includes pre- and post-surveys to measure changes in engagement and self-regulation, log data to track usage patterns, and interviews to capture students’ perceptions and experiences. The findings reveal that MALL significantly enhances engagement through increased active participation, higher attendance, longer study duration, and more frequent interaction with materials. At the same time, MALL improves self-regulation by strengthening skills in time management, goal setting, monitoring progress, and maintaining persistence, leading to greater learner autonomy. Moreover, students with stronger self-regulation capacities were found to utilize MALL features more effectively, resulting in measurable improvements in vocabulary, grammar, and communicative competence. The study concludes that MALL’s effectiveness lies not only in delivering learning content but also in fostering engagement and supporting self-regulated learning. These results highlight the need for pedagogical designs that integrate technological interactivity with scaffolding strategies to maximize the potential of MALL as a learner-centered and sustainable approach to language learning in the digital era.  

Household environmental problems such as poor waste management, the practice of burning waste, and limited use of home yards remain major challenges in creating clean and healthy residential areas. Dasawisma, as the smallest unit within the PKK structure, holds a strategic role in fostering environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior at the family level. This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to build an environmentally caring community through strengthening the role of Dasawisma, improving members' knowledge, and encouraging new habits in household environmental management. The method used a participatory approach consisting of problem identification, interactive counseling sessions, hands-on practice in waste management and yard utilization, and field mentoring. The results indicate an increase in members' understanding of environmental issues, behavioral changes in sorting organic and inorganic waste, simple composting practices, and the cultivation of plants in home yards. In addition, collective awareness and the emergence of local leaders helped sustain the environmental movement within the community. This program demonstrates that strengthening Dasawisma is an effective family-based empowerment strategy to support social transformation toward a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment.