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Extortion in the distribution of social assistance for the Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the structural problems that hinders the effectiveness of the program in empowering the poor. This practice not only harms the recipients of assistance, but also violates the principles of social justice. This article aims to examine the case of extortion in PKH from a victimology perspective, focusing on its impact on victims, both psychologically and socio-economically. This study uses an empirical legal methodology using a field research approach and a sociological legal approach. The data obtained was processed qualitatively which was then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that victims of extortion experience greater losses, not only in the form of loss of funds, but also in the form of damage to trust in social and state institutions. In addition, this study proposes several steps to revitalize justice in handling extortion cases, including increasing supervision, public education, and bureaucratic reform that can restore public trust in the PKH program. Thus, revitalizing justice in this context is expected to create a more just social environment and reduce the practice of extortion in the future.

this journal is written to examine divorce cases which are complex social problems and often have psychological and economic impacts on families. In Indonesia, the Religious Court (PA) plays an important role in resolving divorce disputes. Over time (MA RI) has sought to improve the efficiency and transparency of judicial services through the implementation of a system that regulates the application of this electronic system in various cases, including divorce cases. This study is important to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of e-Court in resolving divorce cases in PA is in accordance with the PERMA, identify the obstacles faced, and provide recommendations for improving and optimizing the system. It is hoped that this study can contribute to improving services in the courts in handling divorce cases and supporting the realization of simple, fast, and low-cost access to justice.    

Growth is the process of increasing measurements in a person's body, while development is a process of development both psychologically and emotionally. Growth and development of several phases such as the child phase, the adolescent phase, and the phase towards adulthood. Children who are in junior high school are included in the adolescent phase. The category of adolescents is children aged 13-16 years, generally in this condition a person experiences rapid growth and development physically and psychologically. This study aims to examine the development of a second grade junior high school student through direct interaction between parents and children. Direct interaction is an important means to deeply understand the child's learning conditions including social and emotional family environmental factors that influence the development and growth process. The research method used is qualitative with data collection through in-depth interview observations with parents and children and documentation of children's activities.

Adolescents are the age group from 10 to 19 years who are in the transition period from children to adults. During this period, various changes occurred, both physical, psychological and social. The aim is to analyze the relationship between knowledge of maternal attitudes and roles and girls' readiness to face menarche. The formula method used is the Chi Square Test formula and Spearman Rank Correlation with the SPSS version of the computer program.  The results of the research show that children who are not ready are more likely to be found in the group with a supportive mother's role at 32.6%, compared to the group whose mother's role is not supportive at 6.7%. Based on the results of the Chi square statistical test, the result is a p value of 0.049 = meaning <0.05, so Ha is accepted, which means there is a relationship between the role of the mother and the readiness of female students at SD Negeri Semeru 06 in 2024. Furthermore, the or value in this research was found to be 0.1 with So it can be concluded that a supportive maternal role has a 0.1 times chance of being well prepared compared to a non-supportive maternal role. Conclusions Based on research at SDN Semeru 06 Bogor City (2024) shows that the majority of respondents had a poor understanding of menstruation, but their understanding increased after counseling.Abstract and Keywords must be written in

This study analyzes the representation of psychological trauma and collective memory in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud and Maurice Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques applied to the text. The findings reveal that the trauma experienced by the main character, Biru Laut, reflects internal conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, as well as the emergence of various defense mechanisms such as repression, sublimation, and acting out. Trauma is portrayed not only as an individual experience but also as a collective wound affecting families and communities, which manifests in symbolic actions like the Kamisan protest. The novel serves as a cathartic space and cultural archive that voices historical wounds while advocating for justice and social recovery. Thus, Laut Bercerita functions not only as a literary work but also as a reflective medium for understanding and preserving the nation's collective trauma.

This study aims to explore the Role of Pastoral Counseling in the Independence of Children with Special Needs at Rumah Pengharapan Baru (RPB) West Bandung. Qualitative methods were used to collect data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, involving pastoral counselors, Rumah Pengharapan Baru staff, and children with special needs. The results of the study indicate that pastoral counseling plays a significant role in increasing the independence of children with special needs, covering emotional, spiritual, and social aspects that support the development of independent living skills. Pastoral counselors function as companions and facilitators who help children understand and accept their condition, build self-confidence, and motivate them to achieve their maximum potential. A holistic and personal counseling approach and ongoing support from the Rumah Pengharapan Baru environment are effective in strengthening the independence of these children. This study concludes that children with special needs need intensive assistance and holistic care. Pastoral counseling plays an important role in providing emotional and spiritual support, helping them overcome anxiety and low self-esteem. Professional counselors who are caring and compassionate are the foundation of this ministry, ensuring that the emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs of children are met in a balanced manner.

The phenomenon of social pressure experienced by individuals often triggers complex inner conflicts and affects their psychological stability. This study aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the character Alena in facing social pressure in the novel Lilin by Saniyyah Putri S.S. The data collection technique used was a literature study by reading, recording, and identifying data from the novel. The data analysis technique used was a qualitative descriptive analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, which includes the id, ego, and superego. The results of the analysis show that the character Alena experiences an inner conflict that is predominantly influenced by social pressure from the family and community environment, which is reflected through the tug-of-war between subconscious drives and the moral values she believes in. The conclusion of this study is that the inner conflict experienced by Alena is raised in the continuity between the id, ego, and superego, which strengthens the relevance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in understanding the dynamics of the psyche of fictional characters

Psychological assessment in guidance and counseling (GC) plays a vital role in understanding students holistically. However, its implementation in schools often faces ethical and legal challenges, particularly concerning the authority and competence of school counselors. This article examines the ethical representation of psychological assessments conducted by GC teachers through a literature review. Findings reveal that many practices exceed legal boundaries and highlight the need for professional collaboration, assessment training, and ethical literacy. Ethical assessment is not merely procedural compliance, but a form of professional responsibility to protect students’ rights and ensure accurate and safe services.  

This study analyzes the representation of psychological trauma and collective memory in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud and Maurice Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques applied to the text. The findings reveal that the trauma experienced by the main character, Biru Laut, reflects internal conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, as well as the emergence of various defense mechanisms such as repression, sublimation, and acting out. Trauma is portrayed not only as an individual experience but also as a collective wound affecting families and communities, which manifests in symbolic actions like the Kamisan protest. The novel serves as a cathartic space and cultural archive that voices historical wounds while advocating for justice and social recovery. Thus, Laut Bercerita functions not only as a literary work but also as a reflective medium for understanding and preserving the nation's collective trauma.

The phenomenon of social pressure experienced by individuals often triggers complex inner conflicts and affects their psychological stability. This study aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the character Alena in facing social pressure in the novel Lilin by Saniyyah Putri S.S. The data collection technique used was a literature study by reading, recording, and identifying data from the novel. The data analysis technique used was a qualitative descriptive analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, which includes the id, ego, and superego. The results of the analysis show that the character Alena experiences an inner conflict that is predominantly influenced by social pressure from the family and community environment, which is reflected through the tug-of-war between subconscious drives and the moral values she believes in. The conclusion of this study is that the inner conflict experienced by Alena is raised in the continuity between the id, ego, and superego, which strengthens the relevance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in understanding the dynamics of the psyche of fictional characters

The advancement of information technology has shifted marketing strategies from conventional to digital platforms, with TikTok emerging as a key driver of modern consumer behavior, including impulse buying. This phenomenon is evident in the local perfume industry, such as SAFF & Co, which has successfully captured a significant market share through strong content strategies. This study aims to analyze thej nfluence of Content Marketing, Price Discount, and Online Customer Review on Impulse Buying of SAFF & Co perfume via the TikTok application in Surabaya. A quantitative associative approach was employed, using an online questionnaire distributed to 100 TikTok users who have purchased the product. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that Content Marketing and Price Discount have a positive and significant effect on Impulse Buying, while Online Customer Review does not show a significant partial effect. However, simultaneously, all three variables positively and significantly influence Impulse Buying. These findings imply that businesses can stimulate consumer impulse purchases through effective content and discount strategies, while the role of customer reviews still requires optimization to strengthen their psychological impact on consumer purchasing decisions in social media environments.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

This study aims to describe the psychological elements of the character Kinan based on the id, ego and superego in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy asf, to describe the form of psychological problems in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf, and to describe the form of conflict defense mechanisms in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf. The research used a qualitative approach. While the method used is the content analysis method. The source of funds in this study is the text of the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf published by RDM Publisher in 2020, the first printing. The data collection technique is a written documentation technique. The data analysis technique is a qualitative descriptive technique. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Psychological elements of the Kinan character were found based on the id, ego and superego, namely there is an uncomfortable id, a pain id and an unfulfilled need id, there is an angry ego in the Kinan character and there is that there a high personal standard superego, (2) It was found were 5 psychological problems in the Kinan character, including: mood disorders based on subjective feelings consisting of feelings of sadness, anger and disappointment, there were anxiety disorders, stress disorders, somatoform disorders and personality disorders including: adventitious, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic and narcissistic.

Psychological assessment plays a crucial role in guidance and counseling by providing a deeper understanding of an individual’s psychological state however, it must be conducted in accordance with professional ethical standardsto protect the rights and dignity of clients. This article explores core ethical principles in psychological asseeement-such as informed consent, confindentiality, profesional competence, and the appropriate use of valid instruments. Based on recent literature, this paper highlights thataderece to ethical assessmens the counselor-client relationship and enhances psychological intervention outcomes.

Mental health issues among adolescents are often not handled properly due to low psychological literacy and strong social stigma. This community service activity aims to provide psychoeducation on the importance of mental health to SMK Taman Harapan students. The methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, and simple simulations to increase students' awareness and understanding of mental health issues that are common in adolescence. The theme "Talking About Mental Health Doesn't Have to Wait Until You're Crazy First" was chosen to emphasize that discussions about mental health should be part of everyday life, not taboo. The results of the activity showed high student enthusiasm and increased understanding of the importance of maintaining mental health and seeking help when needed. This activity is expected to be the first step in creating a school environment that is more open and supportive of mental health issues.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

The abolition of the National Examination (UN) as a national policy has marked a significant change in the education evaluation system in Indonesia. This policy was implemented with the aim of reducing psychological pressure on students and replacing it with a more holistic evaluation approach through the National Assessment (AN). However, this transformation has raised various issues, particularly regarding the aspects of equity and accountability in education quality. This study aims to analyze in depth the impact of the abolition of UN on the quality of educational evaluation by examining its implications for equitable access, fairness, and accountability systems at both national and local levels. This research uses a qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing various scholarly literature sources and relevant policy documents published between 2020 and 2024. The findings indicate that although the UN was abolished with the intention of promoting fairness and reducing academic stress, the implementation of AN has yet to ensure equitable implementation of educational evaluations across regions. Moreover, the absence of a standardized, open, and quantitative evaluation indicator such as the UN has weakened transparency and accountability in education, both in the public's perception and in policy-making processes. Therefore, a new evaluation system is needed—one that is not only diagnostic in nature but also ensures data transparency, equitable access, and strengthened public accountability functions in education.

Psychological assessment is an important component of guidance and counseling services as it supports counselors' understanding of learners' psychological conditions, potentials, and problems. This article aims to explain the role of assessment in understanding clients, identify the types of assessments commonly used, and emphasize the importance of understanding assessment as a counselor's professional competence. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies from relevant journals. The results of the discussion show that assessments, both test and non-test, can provide comprehensive information that assists counselors in designing effective interventions. Understanding assessment also encourages counselors to act professionally and ethically in the service process. Thus, assessment is not just a measuring tool, but an important foundation in holistic and strategic counseling practice.

This study aims to examine the legal protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property as a result of joint management in a marriage. In many cases, this mixing causes unclear legal status of the assets, especially during divorce or inheritance division. This study uses empirical normative legal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. This study shows that legal regulations in Indonesia related to the protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property due to joint management in marriage, and highlights the inconsistency of court decisions in such disputes and their impact on household economic stability. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law have distinguished between property brought into marriage and joint property, practice in the field shows that mixing of property due to joint management often causes conflict during divorce. Inconsistency in court decisions arises due to the unclear norms in Article 37 of the Marriage Law which provide room for different interpretations by judges. This has an impact on legal uncertainty and potential injustice, especially for parties who are socially or economically weaker. Mixed property disputes also affect household economic stability, exacerbate social inequality, and cause psychological burdens for family members, including children. This study recommends the need for more detailed regulatory updates, the issuance of technical guidelines by the Supreme Court to unify decision standards, and increased legal education for the community to prevent conflicts through marriage agreements.

This study discusses the importance of Guidance and Counseling (BK) activities in schools, which must be carried out by competent BK teachers or counselors. Referring to the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 111 of 2014, the presence of trained BK teachers is vital in helping students overcome academic and emotional challenges. This research aims to explore the practices of BK teachers in maintaining the confidentiality and objectivity of psychological assessment results, as well as to identify the obstacles they face. The method used is qualitative research through literature review, with data collection conducted purposively and using snowball techniques. The results indicate that ethical principles such as confidentiality, voluntariness, and openness are applied by BK teachers at school, creating a safe environment for students. However, BK teachers with non-BK educational backgrounds still have limited understanding of the code of ethics. These findings emphasize the need for enhancing BK teachers' competencies to provide more effective services in shaping students' ethics and morals and supporting their character development.