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the article aims to describe (tell) the effectifenes of implementing feedback techniques in increasing student learning motivation. This research uses a library method ( library research ), and is qualitative in nature because the data collected uses textual analisis contained in educational books and journals which relate to feedback techniques in student learning motivation. The results of this research are:firstly in this study we obtained secondly the purpose and function of feedback, and thirdly, feedback techniques in increasing student’s learning motivation.

Examination of the internal audit function in an effort to identify and stop accounting irregularities (fraud). The purpose of this research is to evaluate the internal audit function in the company's efforts to stop and identify trends in accounting fraud. This research is qualitative in nature and uses a literature review methodology. Secondary data that has been processed to create a picture of research difficulties is used in this research. Internal auditors can conduct assessments and examinations pertaining to the internal control system that a company has installed, based on the findings of research study. Internal auditors, by gaining an awareness of the extent of the organization's overall internal control, can help to ensure that all plans and agendas are carried out in compliance with the company's stated objectives.

The Anambas Islands are small islands in Indonesia, which are located in the South China Sea. The Anambas Islands are also part of the Riau Archipelago Province, which is surrounded by many small islands, most of which are uninhabited but still have pristine natural beauty. The aim of this research is to analyze community empowerment in community-based tourism development and develop a strategy for developing community-based tourism development to increase local revenue. Tourism supporting infrastructure that must be improved in the development of tourism development in Anambas Islands Regency is improving public infrastructure and infrastructure in the tourism sector, namely sea transportation and marine tourism recreation facilities which have the highest value of 4.93, meaning that they must be focused more on their development. The method we take is qualitative and the internet is the main means we use to get a lot of information about the advantages and disadvantages of some of the islands in the Anambas Archipelago. The results of this research show the opportunity to build new tourism works to exploit its beautiful nature and of course build cooperation between local communities in the Anambas Islands.

Unitary state The Republic of Indonesia is a country with foundations on law ( Rechts Staat ). In space its scope there is a number of one of the principles that is principle legality . Scope​ law criminal interests oriented​ general . Criminal law is knowledge basics that everyone should know and understand student law . Based on description above​ as for formulation problem in This research is What do you mean with law criminal and how room scope law criminal . As for goals study based on formulation the problem above is For know and analyze understanding law criminal and for know and analyze room scope law criminal . This research is of a nature descriptive , analytical and comparative , viz research that describes , describes and analyzes data as well compare data regarding law criminal and space its scope . In principle there are two different meanings on Criminal Law , the so -called with ius poenale and ius puniendi . Space principles scope enactment rule law the punishment is divided become four that is principle Territoriality ( territorialiteits beginningsel ), basic Nationality active , basic Protection (National Passive ), and principles universality ( universaliteits beginssel ).

This study aims to analyze the impact of hoax news on bullying behavior in SMP Nasrani 2 Medan. The proliferation of hoax news, facilitated by social media, has become a concerning issue affecting various aspects of society. Bullying, a prevalent problem among children and adolescents, manifests in various forms such as verbal, physical, and psychological abuse. Both phenomena have significant implications for individuals and communities, leading to distrust, conflict, and unhealthy societal values.Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research delves into the dynamics between hoax news and bullying behavior among students at SMP Nasrani 2 Medan. Data collection involves literature review and observation of student characteristics, facilitated by interviews with students, class teachers, and school principals. The analysis interprets the relationship between misinformation and bullying behavior, aiming to identify patterns and insights to understand their impact comprehensively. The findings underscore the intertwined nature of hoax news and bullying behavior. Hoax news spreads rapidly through social media, exacerbating tensions and conflicts among students. Fear, hatred, and prejudice triggered by misinformation can fuel bullying behaviors, perpetuating a cycle of intimidation and harassment. The study reveals the importance of addressing both phenomena holistically to create a safe and inclusive school environment. Strategies to mitigate the impact of hoax news on bullying include education and awareness campaigns, strengthening school policies, fostering collaboration with parents, and implementing disciplinary measures. Teachers play a crucial role in educating students about critical thinking and empathy, recognizing signs of bullying, and mediating conflicts. By adopting a proactive and collaborative approach, schools can effectively address the challenges posed by hoax news and bullying, fostering a positive learning environment for all students.

Food ingredients in general are very sensitive and easily experience quality degradation due to environmental, chemical, biochemical, microbiological, oxygen, water, light and temperature factors. To prevent this damage, the food product is packaged with plastic packaging material. Until now, plastic polymers are the most widely used packaging materials. In Indonesia, the use of plastic packaging materials by the food industry and other food business actors as food packaging has occupied a portion of 80% and 55%. This will of course result in danger to the environment. Packaging with edible coating/film is a relatively new food preservation technique. Research on coating food products with edible coating/film has been widely carried out and has been proven to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of food products. The safest, most potential and most widely researched polymer material for edible coating/film is a renewable organic material based on starch. Starch is a type of polysaccharide from plants that is abundantly available in nature, is biodegradable, easy to obtain and cheap. Edible packaging made from organic materials has the opportunity to be developed to meet the needs of safe packaging for consumers and support sustainable agriculture and realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), considering that there is an abundance of edible packaging materials in Indonesia that have not been utilized optimally. The application of environmentally friendly edible packaging is expected to provide very significant benefits in the development of food technology, namely aspects of maintaining quality, both in terms of nutritional value and food safety, extending product shelf life and being able to increase the added value of the materials that make up edible packaging.

Indonesia is one of the largest democratic countries in the world. Heads of Central dan Local government are elected through general elections, except for the Province of Yogyakarta. Even though general elections are a routine activity every five years, however there are still problems in its implementation. Through a qualitative examination of voter, election official, political candidate, and community leader interviews, this study explores issues with election integrity and governance in Indonesia. The study reveals the complex relationships that exist between electoral violence, voter intimidation, fraudulent activities, and the ensuing political consequences. Key themes that emerge include the regional nature of difficulties, the impact of political culture, resource restrictions, and the long-term societal costs. The results underscore the interdependence of these issues from various angles, highlighting the necessity of focused, cooperative actions. These observations add to the conversation on election integrity as Indonesia makes its way toward democracy and serves as a basis for the creation of policies and other initiatives that support democratic governance.

This research focuses on exploring the cosmological and humanization values contained in the Blatan Balikculture of the Ipir, Nuha and Hebing tribes gathered in one traditional house in Tanarawa, Waiblama, Maumere-Flores-East Nusa Tenggara. Blatan Balikculture is a rite that contains reconciling the cosmos with fellow creations or in the language of Tana Ai (blatan gahu rou), and the second is cooling valuable items stored in traditional houses such as gongs, bahar, ivory and other valuable objects in the traditional house (lepo). These two rites are an act of respect and reconciliation with creation. Therefore, exploring the comological and humanization wealth contained in the Blatan Balikculture is a form of respect for the nature of creation and also a process of humanization and the value of local wisdom. Respect for created nature and a process of humanization is the basis of life wisdom in the form of a framework of knowledge, a framework of belief both in integralistic family unity or unity in the wider community, and shows the noble values in the culture. So exploring the wealth of cosmology and humanization in the Blatan Balikculture is a form of respect for nature and reconciliation with fellow creatures and a life wisdom of the Tana Ai- Tanarawa, Waiblama, Maumere-Flores-East Nusa Tenggara community. This research uses qualitative research with data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies, collecting sources from journals, related books. This research found that the Blatan Balikculture of the Nuha Tanarawa tribe is a model of humanization and cosmology relations, between fellow humans, nature, other fellow creations and the giver of life. The values that flow from this culture are reconciliation and responsibility for nature, preservation of valuable objects in the Nuha tribe, and human harmony in relationships. The contribution of this research lies in the ultimate values and wisdom of the Tana Ai people in maintaining humanization relations between others and preserving nature.

General elections in Indonesia uphold the principles of equality and justice for all voters and election participants. Every individual has the same right to vote and be elected without discrimination and free from the intervention of any party. The holding of elections is not free from various violations, which are divided into Criminal Elections or Elections, namely criminal acts regulated in law and threatened with criminal sanctions, violations of the code of ethics of election organizers or elections, namely violations of the norms and ethics that apply to election organizers, Administrative violations, namely violations of the technical rules for holding elections. In order to maintain the purity of elections that are essential for democracy, lawmakers categorize a number of fraud in elections as criminal acts. The Election Law not only regulates the procedures for conducting elections, but also prohibits various actions that can undermine the nature of free and fair elections, and imposes penalties for perpetrators. The type of research in this study is normative legal research, which is a research method that focuses on written legal norms.

Amid the issue of increasing environmental damage due to production processes, green resource management is needed to minimize these conditions. Green resource management is a company policy in managing human resources sustainably by involving environmental aspects to preserve nature in company management. The increasing role of sustainable development leads to the implementation of environmental issues into the mission, goals, and policies of companies in all functional areas, including human resource management (HRM). This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Descriptive research is aimed at explaining the concept of implementing Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) as a company strategy in the form of efforts to increase productivity and the company's commitment to maintaining environmental sustainability.

The position of morality in human life as social creatures has an important role and influence, this refers to the relationship between humans themselves and their environment, both directly and indirectly (online/cyberspace). In religion itself, morality is not just a polite attitude, but is the basis of human behavior. Morality is the basis for finding humans when God is the creator. Morals themselves in Islam are attitudes and habits that are developed, one of the ideas of which is not destructive but contrary to the cultural order and teachings that apply in nature. The aim of this research is to reveal how noble interpersonal attitudes are implemented in Pekanbaru 46 state elementary school students. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a library research approach which makes books, magazines and journal articles related to the theme the main source in this research. The results of this research show that the implementation of noble interpersonal attitudes among students at SDN 46 Pekanbaru is quite good in terms of socializing with friends and neighbors.

Mangrove ecotourism offers a variety of interesting tourist activities for visitors, such as nature tourism, environmental education, and cultural tourism. The purpose of this study was to determine the role and efforts of the community in participating in improving mangrove ecotourism management in Denai Kuala Village, Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The method used in this research is Qualitative with Descriptive Approach. The results of this study show that there are various types of mangroves in Denai Kuala village such as Rhizopora Apicullata, Rhizophora Mucronata and Avicennia. Beach management with an approach that harmonizes environmental protection, animal welfare, education, and economic sustainability. Mangrove ecotourism management on Putra Deli beach is managed by one party where the management of the beach revenue is used properly and partly goes into the treasury as a further beach management fund. Mangrove management of Muara Indah Beach is carried out by groups of people who live around the beach. Not all people are only some who belong to the Muara Indah Beach management group

The rapid development of information and communication technology has created a complex virtual environment known as cyberspace.  In this digital era, cyberspace has become the main arena for various activities, from communication, business, to social interaction.  However, this growth also poses serious challenges in managing these virtual spaces effectively.  The role of law is very important in responding to this challenge.  This study aims to explore the role of law in regulating cyberspace, as well as the associated challenges and opportunities.  The role of law in this context includes establishing regulations, law enforcement, and protecting individual rights in the digital environment.  The main challenges faced include the complex transnational nature of cybercrime, conflicting regulations between countries, as well as rapid legal adaptation to new technological developments.  However, there are also emerging opportunities in regulating cyberspace.  For example, the ability to apply a collaborative approach between states, the private sector and civil society in developing regulations that suit the unique characteristics of the digital environment.  Additionally, technology can also be used as a tool to improve law enforcement and empower individuals to protect their privacy and security online. This study uses a descriptive analysis approach to evaluate relevant literature and case studies in order to understand the dynamics of the role of law in regulating cyberspace. By understanding these challenges and opportunities, we can develop a more holistic and adaptive framework for governing cyberspace, thereby ensuring the sustainability and security of the digital environment in this digital era.

In summary, the comprehensive analysis of students' responses to 11 distinct questions about the utilization of TikTok as a learning medium in English-speaking classes yields valuable insights. The unanimous agreement among the interviewed students underscores the overall advantage of TikTok as an effective and versatile learning tool. Firstly, TikTok proves to be a valuable supplementary resource, providing diverse content that aids in better understanding study materials. Students emphasize that the platform's content enhances their comprehension, offering additional learning material that is both engaging and accessible. Secondly, TikTok's interactive features, such as stitch videos and duets, emerge as pivotal components that inject an engaging and enjoyable dimension into the learning process. Students express a strong preference for these features, highlighting their positive impact on the learning experience. Thirdly, TikTok significantly contributes to bolstering students' confidence in speaking English. The students' responses emphasize that the platform acts as a transformative space where they overcome initial apprehensions about fluency. Through consistent speaking practice, students report feeling more motivated and self-assured when communicating in English. Additionally, the analysis reflects a positive correlation between TikTok usage and increased motivation to learn English. The platform's dynamic and interactive nature contributes to a more stimulating learning environment, encouraging students to actively engage with the language. Furthermore, students note that TikTok facilitates a deeper understanding of English materials. The visual and auditory elements in TikTok videos enhance their comprehension and retention of vocabulary and pronunciation. Despite these positive aspects, it's essential to acknowledge potential drawbacks. Some students express concerns about distractions on TikTok, which may divert their focus from the intended educational content. This highlights the need for effective time management and self-discipline when using TikTok as a learning tool. In conclusion, the data-driven analysis reveals a multifaceted perspective on the advantages and disadvantages of using TikTok as an English learning tool. While it significantly contributes to supplementary learning, interactivity, and confidence-building, students need to navigate potential distractions. Ultimately, TikTok emerges as a valuable and effective tool in language education, requiring a balanced approach to optimize its benefits for English learners.    

When entering the realm of philosophy, logical reasoning and truth become the main foundation for critical and deep thinking. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the role and implications of both concepts in the context of philosophy. The purpose of this study is to explore the depth of the concepts of logical reasoning and truth, and identify their impact on human thought. The method applied in this study is a qualitative approach; this approach involves the systematic analysis of a wide range of literature; including the Bible, articles, books, and other sources relevant to the topic under investigation. According to Wiley, qualitative research involves the collection of actual data from a wide range of scholarly literature; which includes facts from the past and present. The scope of the study includes an exploration of different types of logical argumentation, such as deduction and induction, as well as a discussion of the nature of truth, both in absolute and relative contexts. The results highlight the importance of a deep understanding of logical reasoning in constructing strong arguments, while also illustrating the philosophical implications of the concept of truth for human views of reality. By delving deeper into these two concepts, this research provides a valuable contribution to the development of philosophical discourse and guides us towards more critical, systematic, and fact-based thinking in facing the challenges of contemporary and future thinking.  

The purpose of of this research is to describe environmental degradation in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye using the ecological study of literary Grag Gerrard's ecological study of literature theory. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, in which data findings are in the form of quotations or dialog related to environmental degradation in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan pintar by Tere Liye. Smart by Tere Liye. The results show that environmental degradation includes 6 (six) forms of environmental degradation in the novel. this novel, namely 10 pollution, 6 wilderness, 13 disasters, 12 dwellings, 4 animals and 8 earth. Meanwhile, 3 (three) efforts to overcome environmental degradation (environmental ethics) in this novel are 3 attitude of responsibility towards nature, 4 attitudes of love and care for nature and 1 attitude of not disturbing the life of nature. Among these, the most dominant form of degradation found in the novel is natural disasters, as shown through various excerpts and dialogues. This study is also relevant to academic learning as it enriches students' textual understanding while fostering social awareness, moral responsibility, and environmental concern.

The Law of Torah states that the nature of man is a creature of the Creator of the universe who is Spirit. When God created man, Adam, He formed him from the dust of the ground. When God breathed His Spirit into the newly formed man, he became alive, physically, mentally and spiritually. Worship of God is a logical consequence of man because of creation. The purpose of the anointing is so that worshipers are adapted to the nature of the Most Holy God. Thus they are pleasing to God. The reason is, man has fallen into sin. Sin separates him from the presence of the Most Holy God. The curse and hardship of life make man aware that he needs God in his life. The problem is, man with his own efforts from his own ideas will not be pleasing and able to approach God. Sin does not allow man to approach the holy God. This study uses a qualitative method in order to describe and to gain an understanding of the values and qualities of the anointing in the Law of Torah.

The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that cause criminal acts of traffic accidents committed by children and the responsibility of children related to traffic accidents committed by minors which cause death. The research method used in this research is an empirical method. The results of the research show that: 1. The factors causing the occurrence of criminal traffic accidents committed by children which cause death are. General factors include: Manuia, Weather/Nature, Road Conditions. Then external factors, including: Age, personal existence, lack of awareness of the safety of oneself and others, lack of awareness of traffic regulations. And internal factors, including: Lack of parental attention, social environment.2. Responsibility of children for criminal acts of traffic accidents by minors which cause death. The provisions for criminal fines for children whose negligence causes someone to lose their life in Article 310 paragraph (4) of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation can be imposed a fine that can be imposed on childrezn whose negligence causes someone to lose their life at most ½ (one half) of the maximum threat of imprisonment for adults. It can be concluded that for children whose negligence is proven to result in someone losing their life, the threat of imprisonment that can be imposed on them is ½ of the fine in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Because the criminal fine in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation is a maximum of IDR 12,000,000.00 (twelve million rupiah), then for a child whose negligence causes someone to lose their life a maximum of IDR 6,000,000, 00 (six million rupiah). Keywords: Accident; Traffic; Child; death.

This study explores the development and evaluation of an adaptive Intrusion Detection and Response System (IDRS) driven by Reinforcement Learning (RL) for securing 5G networks. The RL-based IDS is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional security systems by dynamically learning from real time network traffic and adapting to emerging cyber threats. Introduction: The rapid growth of 5G networks, with their increased number of connected devices and complex traffic patterns, necessitates advanced security solutions that can detect and respond to evolving cyberattacks. Literature Review: Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), including signature based and anomaly based methods, are not equipped to handle the dynamic nature of 5G networks, leading to high false positives and low detection accuracy. In contrast, RL offers significant improvements in adaptability, detection accuracy, and response time. Materials and Method: The study simulates 5G network traffic and develops an RL-based IDS using Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) techniques. The performance of the RL-based system is compared to traditional IDS systems, focusing on detection accuracy, false positive rates, and response times. Results and Discussion: The RL-driven IDS demonstrated superior performance, achieving higher detection accuracy (95%) and faster response times (30 milliseconds) compared to traditional methods. However, challenges such as computational cost and model interpretability were identified. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive learning mechanisms and the integration of RL into Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) to enhance the security of 5G networks.

The rapid evolution of smart cities, driven by the integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain, has brought about significant advancements in urban infrastructure and services. However, these developments also introduce new cybersecurity challenges. Introduction: Smart cities are increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats due to the extensive use of interconnected devices and systems. A key security concern is the management of digital identities, which is essential for maintaining the integrity and reliability of city services. Literature Review: Traditional centralized identity management systems face significant security issues, including a single point of failure, data breaches, and limited user control over personal information. In contrast, decentralized solutions, particularly blockchain-based systems, offer enhanced security through their distributed nature, eliminating vulnerabilities associated with centralized models. Materials and Method: This research focuses on blockchain technology’s application in smart city identity management. A decentralized framework is proposed, leveraging cryptographic techniques, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts to ensure data security, integrity, and privacy. Results and Discussion: The implementation of blockchain for identity management significantly improves attack tolerance, data integrity, and transparency. The decentralized approach mitigates the risks associated with central authorities, ensuring that user data remains secure and verifiable. However, scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance challenges remain. Blockchain solutions must be optimized for large-scale smart city applications and aligned with legal standards to achieve widespread adoption. Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges to create a more secure and resilient smart city infrastructure.