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This study analyzes the psychological impact of the armed conflict in Yemen by comparing urban and rural populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 published studies (N=28,463) from 2015 to 2024. The analysis reveals a significantly higher prevalence of PTSD in the urban population (42.8%, 95% CI [39.2-46.4]) compared to the rural population (31.5%, 95% CI [28.1-34.9], p<.001). In addition, multilevel regression analysis indicates a strong correlation between the level of exposure to conflict and the severity of depressive symptoms (r=.68, p<.001) and anxiety (r=.72, p<.001) in both populations. Additionally, when examining specific urban risk factors, calculations indicate that population density (OR=1.86, 95% CI [1.54-2.18]) and loss of infrastructure (OR=1.73, 95% CI [1.45-2.01]) are significant. Moreover, geographic isolation (OR=1.92, 95% CI [1.67-2.17]) and limited access to mental health services (OR=2.14, 95% CI [1.89-2.39]) also demonstrate prominent risk factors, thereby emphasizing the predominance of specific urban risk factors in rural areas. These findings contrast with the research conducted by Le & Nguyen (2023) and Carpiniello (2023), which focused solely on general impacts; thus, the novelty of this research lies in its success in identifying distinct patterns of psychological trauma based on geographic characteristics. In addition, this study successfully reveals the differing mediating mechanisms of social support between urban (β=-.42, p<.001) and rural (β=-.28, p<.01) populations in mitigating the impacts of the Yemeni war trauma.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in endemic areas like Simpang III Sipin Village. This disease is transmitted by Aedes sp mosquitoes, and the presence of their larvae is a key indicator of the potential spread of DHF. Environmental conditions, such as water reservoirs and humidity, alongside community behaviors, play significant roles in supporting the growth of these mosquito larvae. Therefore, research is needed to identify the factors influencing the presence of Aedes sp larvae. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 143 households, selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected via questionnaires and direct observations. Additionally, measurements of environmental conditions such as air humidity and temperature were taken using a hygrothermometer. The variables under study included knowledge, attitudes, behavior regarding water reservoir drainage (TPA), number of TPAs, air humidity, and air temperature. Results: Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square statistical test to determine the relationships between the variables. The results indicated that factors like knowledge level (p = 0.008), attitude (p = 0.008), behavior related to draining water reservoirs (p = 0.001), number of water reservoirs (p = 0.013), and air humidity (p = 0.004) were significantly related to the presence of Aedes sp larvae. However, air temperature did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.675). Conclusion: High humidity environments encourage the growth of mosquito larvae, and insufficient knowledge and inadequate preventive behaviors contribute to increased mosquito populations, exacerbating the risk of DHF transmission.

This research aims to analyze the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration on the risk-return profile of the investment portfolio of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. The research employs a quantitative method with a case study approach, utilizing historical data from the period 2017-2021. The data is analyzed to identify the relationship between ESG scores and portfolio returns, as well as portfolio risk. Regression analysis and t-test are employed to test the research hypotheses. The findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between ESG integration and the investment portfolio's return of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. The regression coefficient of 0.154 indicates that each one-point increase in the ESG score will result in an average increase of 0.154% in the investment portfolio return.

Chronic kidney failure or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable disease that has increased the prevalence of mortality and morbidity in the last 20 years. The prevalence according to RISKESDAS in 2013 showed CKD was 2% and increased to 3.8% (739,208) in 2018. Dialysis is a kidney replacement therapy (TPG) which is used to prevent kidney deterioration. TPG carried out throughout life will change the patient's life physically, cognitively, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. When undergoing dialysis, patients experience ambivalent feelings towards the hemodialysis process that they are currently undergoing, namely positive feelings in the form of happiness when washing freely and negative feelings including feelings of anxiety and worry about the disease they are experiencing. This study aims to determine the existence of family relationships and the length of undergoing hemodialysis on the level of anxiety in patients with chronic kidney failure at Hospital X Jakarta. The method used is quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional research design on 45 respondents with the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results show a significant relationship between family support and the length of time undergoing hemodialysis with the level of anxiety in chronic kidney failure patients with values of ? = 0.001 < ? and ? = 0.007 < ?, correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.472 and (rs) = -0.397, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted with a moderate level of significance. In conclusion, family support and the length of time undergoing hemodialysis have a moderate relationship to anxiety levels in chronic kidney failure patients.

The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making processes has raised significant concerns regarding algorithmic bias and legal accountability. This study examines the regulatory challenges and enforcement gaps in addressing AI bias, with a particular focus on Indonesia’s legal landscape. Through a comparative analysis of AI governance frameworks in the European Union, the United States, China, and Indonesia, this research identifies key deficiencies in Indonesia’s regulatory approach. Unlike the EU’s AI Act, which incorporates risk-based classification and strict compliance measures, Indonesia lacks a dedicated AI legal framework, leading to limited enforcement mechanisms and unclear liability provisions.The findings highlight that transparency mandates alone are insufficient in mitigating algorithmic discrimination, as weak enforcement structures hinder effective regulatory oversight. Furthermore, the study challenges the notion that global AI regulatory harmonization is universally applicable, emphasizing the need for a context-sensitive hybrid model tailored to Indonesia’s socio-legal environment. The research suggests that Indonesia must adopt a comprehensive AI legal framework, strengthen regulatory institutions, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between legal experts and AI developers. Future research should focus on empirical case studies, the development of context-specific AI accountability models, and the role of public engagement in AI bias mitigation. These efforts will be essential in shaping effective AI governance strategies that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia’s digital transformation.

Reproductive health education for adolescents to prevent risky sexual behavior that has a negative impact on physical and mental health. Adolescence is full of changes that make them vulnerable to misinformation about sexuality. In Indonesia, although reproductive health cases are high, education based on scientific knowledge is still lacking. Therefore, comprehensive education is needed through attractive counseling methods such as animated videos and questionnaires to measure adolescents' understanding. This study used a quantitative research approach. The research design used in this study was a pre-test and post-test approach. Data collection was done in a questionnaire. The number of respondents was 85 with purposive sampling technique. The data obtained was processed statistically using the slovin formula. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that of the 85 respondents, most had age characteristics of adolescents aged 16-19 years as much as 100%. Gender characteristics in this study were male as many as (42.3%) respondents and female as many as (57.6%) respondents, with the characteristics of most of the highest data being in class XII-1 (35.2%) and the lowest data was class X-1 (30.5%). The results also showed the effect of good attitude before education (88.2%) and (97.6%) good attitude after education and good behavior before education (88.2%), (97.6%) good behavior after education. There is an effect of reproductive health education with attitudes and sexual behavior of adolescents (p value <0.05)

Large delays in infrastructure projects may lead to budget overruns, worse quality, and stakeholder dissatisfaction. This study examines scheduling tools and methods to decrease delays in large infrastructure projects. It compared Primavera P6 and MS Project projects with traditional scheduling methods. Detailed case studies indicate that improved scheduling improves project timetables, resource allocation, and cost management. Results demonstrate that advanced scheduling may boost project productivity and save delays by 50%. At the study's conclusion, risk management, real-time tracking, and critical path analysis were suggested for scheduling. 

Background : Smoking is a dangerous habit that causes various diseases and death.  Passive smokers, especially children and teenagers, are more susceptible to disease than active smokers.  The prevalence of passive smoking in Indonesia is quite high, especially among women (66%) and teenagers (12.7%).  Jambi Province has a high number of active smokers (27.47%), resulting in an increase in passive smoking among children and teenagers.  Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence passive smoking behavior among elementary school children in Jambi Province. Methods : This research uses quantitative methods with an analytical observational design.  The design of this research is cross-sectional, where each subject is only observed once.  Data collection was carried out through approaches, observations and data collection simultaneously on students at Elementary School 59/IV, Jambi City. Results : The results showed that 9 respondents (13.8%) were passive smokers, while 56 respondents (86.2%) did not smoke passively.  Statistical analysis found a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes and passive smoking behavior (p < 0.05).  However, the influence of peers and family did not have a significant relationship. Conclusion : This research concludes that increasing knowledge and positive attitudes can reduce the risk of passive smoking behavior in elementary school children.  Therefore, prevention programs should focus on health education and the formation of positive attitudes.

This research aims to analyze the relationships among total risk, capital structure, and profitability, and their impact on corporate sustainability, with firm performance acting as a mediator. Corporate sustainability has become increasingly important in today’s competitive and dynamic business environment. A literature review indicates that well-managed total risk can enhance firm performance, while an optimal capital structure contributes to higher profitability. In turn, profitability enables companies to invest in innovation and sustainable development. This study identifies a gap in the existing literature, as few studies integrate these three factors within the context of sustainability. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to provide deeper insights into how total risk, capital structure, and profitability interact to support corporate sustainability. The findings are expected to significantly contribute to financial management practices and sustainable corporate policies.

Waropen Regency, located in Papua Province, Indonesia, is an area with abundant natural resource potential, such as fisheries (fish, shrimp, crabs), tropical forests and biodiversity. However, the varied topography, high rainfall and geographical conditions make this region vulnerable to flood disasters. This research aims to analyze and predict flood hazards in Waropen Regency using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) such as ArcGIS. The methods used include secondary data collection (topography, rainfall, land use, and river network), data processing using GIS software, as well as spatial analysis using Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and hydrological modeling. The research results produced a flood hazard zoning map that identifies priority areas based on threat level. This map is also used to analyze the potential impact of flooding on settlements, infrastructure and agricultural land. The findings of this research provide important information for local governments and stakeholders in designing disaster risk mitigation strategies, such as building flood control infrastructure and disaster mitigation-based spatial planning. Thus, this research shows the potential of GIS in supporting effective and data-based disaster risk management in Waropen Regency.

World Health Organization (WHO) hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Changes in dietary patterns have occurred almost all over the world, both in developed and developing countries. Based on a preliminary study conducted at Posbindu Semanan 1 Jakarta on August 4, 2024, researchers interviewed elderly people with hypertension, elderly people still consume a lot of foods containing excess sodium (salt), salted fish, smoking, consuming caffeine, stress, and staying up late. All of these factors cause some respondents to experience hypertension. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional analytical survey design. The population is the elderly living in RW.006, Semanan Village, in the working area of ​​UPT Puskesmas Semanan 1. The sampling technique for this study was nonprobability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The results showed that the majority of elderly people aged <60 were 21 (52.5%), the majority of elderly people were female as many as 27 (67.5%), and the majority of elderly people had elementary school education as many as 23 (57.5%). The results of the identification of the majority of elderly people with good knowledge were 23 (57.5%), the majority of elderly people experienced hypertension as many as 27 (67.5%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between elderly knowledge about the food consumed and the incidence of hypertension, the majority of elderly people with poor knowledge were 15 (88.2). The relationship between elderly knowledge about the food consumed and the incidence of hypertension p-value 0.039 <0.05. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge and the behavior of food consumed and the incidence of hypertension.

Signs of danger in the third trimester of pregnancy are important indicators for preventing obstetric complications that can potentially increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, the level of awareness and preparedness of mothers in recognizing signs of danger often depends on access to education and the quality of information received during pregnancy. Maternity classes are one of the educational strategies recommended in antenatal care to improve mothers' attitudes and understanding of pregnancy health. This study aims to analyze the effect of antenatal classes on mothers' attitudes toward danger signs in the third trimester at the Galala Inpatient Health Center. This study used a quantitative analytical design with a post-test only design approach. The study sample consisted of 30 pregnant women in their third trimester who were selected using total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a closed-ended questionnaire based on a Likert scale that had been tested for validity and reliability (α = 0.82). Data analysis was performed descriptively because the distribution of respondents' attitude scores was homogeneous. The results showed that all respondents (100%) had a fairly positive attitude towards pregnancy danger signs after attending the pregnancy class. These findings indicate that pregnancy classes play a role in increasing mothers' awareness of health risks during pregnancy, although they have not yet reached the optimal attitude category. The conclusion of this study confirms that pregnancy classes contribute to improving maternal attitudes and need to be improved through a variety of educational methods and increased frequency of meetings to support stronger attitude change.

This research focuses on discussing the Analysis of the Negative Impact of Using Gadgets in the Social and Emotional Development of Class IV Students at XV State Elementary School, Sungai Bengkal Village, Tebo Regency. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. Related to the data analysis techniques that researchers use, namely data editing, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The aim of this research is to determine the negative impact of using gadgets on the social and emotional development of students at the XV Elementary School in Sungai Bengkal Village, Tebo Regency. The results of this research show that the negative impacts of gadget use on students at State Elementary School XV, Sungai Bengkal Village, Tebo Regency include social and emotional development disorders. Students show decreased ability for face-to-face social interaction, difficulty managing emotions, and increased stress levels. Uncontrolled online content is also a risk factor. Therefore, comprehensive intervention and collaboration between schools, parents and students is needed to overcome this problem.

Cardiovascular disease especially coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, is the main cause of global death, with increased blood lipid levels as one of the risk factors. This research offers the potential of anthocyanin-rich berry supplements in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and improving blood lipid profiles through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial studies (RCTs). Data was collected from various databases and filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis shows that consumption of berry supplements containing anthocyanins can reduce LDL-C levels by 0.29 mmol/L compared to the control group, with a p value <0.05 and I2 = 79%, indicating that the variation between these studies is heterogeneous. These findings are in line with previous research which showed a 13.6% reduction in serum LDL-C levels in the group consuming anthocyanins. In the whortleberry exposure group, the results showed that of the two journal articles analyzed, the data points fell outside the confidence interval (CI), indicating there was no significant difference in the results of the studies. The use of anthocyanins on berries other than whortleberries showed a significant effect, while on whortleberries, the difference with or without anthocyanins was not significant. The results of this study emphasize the importance of consuming anthocyanin-rich berry supplements in improving blood lipid profiles and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, and support the development of anthocyanin-based nutritional supplements as an effective public health strategy.

Fertility is one of the key indicators in population dynamics, influenced by various factors. This study aims to analyze: 1) public perception of the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Krama Bali family planning (KB); 2) the influence of education, employment status, and KAP of Krama Bali family planning on contraceptive use; 3) the influence of education, employment status, KAP of Krama Bali family planning, and contraceptive use on fertility; and 4) the role of contraceptive use in mediating the influence of education, employment status, and KAP of Krama Bali family planning on fertility. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative design. The sample consists of 99 individuals, specifically married couples of reproductive age (40–45 years) in Buleleng District. The sampling techniques used include accidental sampling, snowball sampling, and purposive sampling. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and in-depth interviews. The data analysis involves descriptive statistics, path analysis, and the Sobel test. The study results indicate: 1) Public perception of Krama Bali family planning is mostly positive, with most respondents understanding and accepting it. However, the practice of having four children, as recommended by Krama Bali family planning, is less common due to the risks of late-age pregnancy. 2) Education has a significant positive effect on contraceptive use, with employed respondents using contraceptives for a longer duration than unemployed respondents. Meanwhile, the KAP of Krama Bali family planning has a significant negative effect on contraceptive use. 3) Education and contraceptive use have a significant negative effect on fertility, with employed respondents having lower fertility than unemployed respondents. In contrast, the KAP of Krama Bali family planning has a significant positive effect on fertility. 4) Contraceptive use partially mediates the effects of education, employment status, and the KAP of Krama Bali family planning on fertility.

Intravenous (IV) insertion is a common nursing procedure in hospital settings, requiring strict adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to minimize complications such as nosocomial infections and phlebitis. However, many nurses fail to fully comply with SOPs, increasing patient safety risks. Several factors, including individual aspects such such as age, gender, educational level, and work experience are suspected to influence compliance. This study aims to examine the relationship between nurses’ characteristics and their compliance with IV insertion SOPs at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. This research employed a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 30 nurses selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire for demographic characteristics and an observation checklist to assess SOP compliance. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The findings indicated that most nurses demonstrated moderate compliance (50%) or high compliance (50%), with no respondents classified as non-compliant. Statistical analysis revealed no significant relationship between age (p=0.705), gender (p=1.000), educational level (p=0.189), or years of experience (p=1.000) and IV insertion SOP compliance. These findings suggest that individual characteristics are not the primary determinants of compliance. Future research should explore other contributing factors such as hospital work environment, supervision, and patient safety culture to enhance IV insertion adherence.

The phenomenon of sea fencing in Tangerang's coastal areas has sparked various debates from legal, social and environmental perspectives. This action raises questions regarding compliance with the principles of international law of the sea, particularly the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which regulates public access rights to waters. In the context of national law, regulations such as Law No. 32/2014 on Maritime Affairs and Law No. 1/2014 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands emphasize that public access to the sea must be managed in a fair and sustainable manner. This research aims to examine the juridical aspects of sea fencing using the approaches of international law of the sea and Indonesian national law. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various legal sources, scientific journals, and similar case studies in other countries. Descriptive-analytical analysis was conducted to assess the conformity of sea fencing with UNCLOS principles as well as its impact on the rights of coastal communities and the environment. The results of the study show that sea fencing in coastal Tangerang has the potential to violate the principles of UNCLOS 1982 and harm coastal communities who depend on the sea as a source of life. In addition, this action also risks causing ecological impacts that can disrupt the balance of the coastal environment. Therefore, stricter regulations and effective supervision are needed to ensure that marine area utilization policies remain in line with international and national law and do not harm the public interest.

This study analyzes the longitudinal trends in the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian refugees over a 14-year period (2011–2025) through a systematic meta-analysis of 47 studies, encompassing a total sample of 28,453 refugees. Using a random-effects model, the analysis confirms fluctuating PTSD prevalence, peaking at 83.4% in 2013 (95% CI: 78.2–88.6%) before gradually declining to 42.7% in 2025 (95% CI: 37.3–48.1%). Furthermore, multilevel regression analysis identifies significant predictors, including displacement duration (β = -0.34, p < .001), access to mental health services (β = -0.28, p < .001), and social integration (β = -0.31, p < .001). These findings extend the work of Hassan et al. (2019) on the short-term impact of war trauma and support the resilience model proposed by Mahmoud et al. (2021), highlighting a more complex recovery trajectory. Unlike the previous meta-analysis by Silove et al. (2017), which focused on the first five years of displacement, this study reveals that 37.8% of refugees continue to exhibit chronic PTSD symptoms after 14 years. Notably, key risk factors such as family loss (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.31–3.37) and legal status uncertainty (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78–2.54) emerge as novel contributions. These findings provide new insights into the long-term trajectory of PTSD among refugee populations and its implications for sustainable mental health interventions.

X-ray radiation has been widely used in the medical field for both diagnosis and cancer therapy. However, its biological impact on healthy and cancerous tissues remains a major concern in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the biological effects of X-ray exposure, including DNA damage mechanisms, cellular responses, and long-term effects on healthy tissues, as well as its effectiveness in killing cancer cells. A meta-analysis was conducted on studies investigating the effects of X-ray radiation on various tissue types. The findings indicate that while X-rays are effective in destroying cancer cells, uncontrolled exposure can lead to genetic mutations and carcinogenesis in healthy tissues. Therefore, the use of X-rays in cancer therapy must consider optimal dosage to maximize therapeutic effects while minimizing risks to healthy tissues.

The stability of the banking sector is crucial in maintaining a country’s financial system and economic sustainability. This study analyzes the impact of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on banking stability in Indonesia. The inconsistency of previous research findings indicates a research gap that requires further exploration. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from financial reports of conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 39 banks with 195 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with classical assumption tests, including normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation, to ensure model validity. The results show that NIM positively but not significantly affects banking stability, while NPL has a negative and significant effect. CAR also significantly influences banking stability. Enhancing banking intermediation effectiveness through NIM and CAR can strengthen financial stability, whereas increasing credit risk, reflected in NPL, can weaken stability. This study provides insights for regulators and banking management in designing more effective policies to maintain banking sector stability in Indonesia.