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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder common in women of reproductive age, characterized by insulin resistance (IR), anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, often leading to infertility. Metformin is the first-line therapy used. However, inositol, especially myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), have shown promising therapeutic potential. Direct comparison and optimal efficacy of both still require a comprehensive review. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of inositol (as monotherapy or in combination) compared with metformin, placebo, or no intervention, in improving reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS. Methods: Conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Ebsco databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last 10 years. Studies evaluating inositol and/or metformin in women with PCOS and reporting reproductive, hormonal, or metabolic outcomes were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by five reviewers. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review. Metformin consistently showed improvements in insulin resistance and androgen levels. Myo-inositol also demonstrated efficacy in improving metabolic and hormonal parameters, as well as reproductive outcomes, often with a better tolerability profile, especially as monotherapy. The combination of metformin and myo-inositol has shown potential improvements in some reproductive functions (such as live birth rate) compared to metformin alone in some studies. However, other studies have shown comparable or superior efficacy of myo-inositol monotherapy with fewer side effects. Adjuvant therapies such as dexamethasone or calcium/vitamin D have shown benefits in certain subpopulations. Conclusions: Both inositol (especially myo-inositol) and metformin have significant therapeutic roles in the management of PCOS. Metformin remains an important intervention for metabolic dysregulation and hyperandrogenism. Inositol appears to be an effective and often better tolerated alternative, with significant reproductive benefits. The choice of therapy should be individualized based on patient phenotype and treatment goals.    

Undernutrition is a severe nutritional deficiency condition caused by inadequate daily intake of energy and protein, which occurs over a considerable period of time. Malnutrition generally affects children under five years old and is influenced by various factors. According to the National Basic Health Research Report (Riskesdas) in 2018, the national proportion of children aged 6–24 months with undernutrition and severe malnutrition was recorded at 17.7%. This study is a case report of a 23-month-old boy living in a village in 2025. The case was observed over a three-week period using a home visit approach. The diagnosis of undernutrition was established based on national guidelines, specifically the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Health No. 2 of 2020 concerning child anthropometric standards. Anthropometric measurements showed the child had a height of 81 cm and a weight of 8.12 kg. The child’s nutritional status was classified as underweight based on the Weight-for-Age (W/A) Z-score. Following diagnosis, the patient received nutritional education, supplementary food, appetite-stimulating vitamins, and growth monitoring. The study concluded that several determinants contributed to the underweight condition in this 23-month-old patient, including behavioral factors, incomplete immunization, and recurrent infections.

Frailty is a common syndrome in older adults, marked by declining physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. It impacts quality of life and links to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare needs. Identifying frailty markers early helps prevent or delay its onset. In Indonesia, frailty affects 10–20% of the elderly, with higher rates in rural areas and those over 75, driven by poor nutrition, chronic diseases, and limited healthcare access. This study explores these factors and their relationship with frailty in elderly residents of Bina Bhakti Elderly Home. This cross-sectional study analyzed anthropometric measurement, uric acid, vitamin D, albumin, and diabetes mellitus with frailty in 42 elderly residents, excluding those with cognitive impairments, acute illnesses, or psychiatric disorders. The analysis identified fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and albumin as significant predictors of frailty, highlighting the importance of glucose regulation and nutritional status in frailty risk among the studied population. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and albumin emerged as key predictors of frailty, highlighting the roles of glycemic control and nutritional health in reducing frailty risk. Lower fasting blood glucose and higher albumin levels were protective, while higher HbA1c increased vulnerability. Targeted interventions in these areas may effectively mitigate frailty risk.

Elderly individuals often experience physiological and health-related changes, including reduced muscle quality and decreased levels of physical activity. This decline negatively impacts overall health, increases the risk of chronic diseases, and diminishes the ability to perform daily activities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D levels and physical activity in older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home involving 93 participants aged 60 years and above. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while vitamin D levels were measured through venous blood sampling. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation. The average age of the participants was 74.34 years, with a mean vitamin D level of 23.73 ng/mL. Based on IPAQ results, 26.9% of participants had low physical activity, 44.1% moderate, and 29% high. Spearman correlation revealed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and physical activity (r = 0.240, p = 0.021). These findings suggest that higher physical activity levels are associated with higher vitamin D concentrations. Engaging in outdoor activities that promote sun exposure and an active lifestyle contributes to maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, which are essential for muscle function, balance, and bone health. Therefore, ensuring sufficient vitamin D status is crucial for supporting optimal physical activity and enhancing the overall health and quality of life among the elderly.

The increasing intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to global warming poses serious risks to skin health and has led to a rising market demand for natural-based skincare products. Jabiras Body Scrub is an innovative body care product formulated from guava and brown rice to protect and nourish the skin from UV exposure. This program aims to produce an organic-based skincare product while empowering local farmers as raw material suppliers. The target market includes men and women aged 17 and above across Indonesia, including visiting tourists. Laboratory tests show that each 50-gram package of Jabiras contains 3% vitamin C and 1% antioxidants, which are effective in improving skin condition within two weeks. The product is registered with a Business Identification Number (NIB) and has obtained Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for its brand and promotional flyer. Marketing strategies are carried out digitally via social media and e-commerce, as well as conventionally through entrepreneurship expos and word of mouth. This initiative has reached its break-even point, with a total of 250 units sold from May to September, generating IDR 9,750,000 in revenue. This activity not only achieved its sales targets but also strengthened the foundation for a sustainable business model that supports local farmers.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a condition that increases fracture risk due to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often restricted due to side effects, prompting the search for natural alternatives such as phytoestrogens, particularly genistein. Genistein is a major isoflavone in soy that has the potential to increase bone mineral density and improve bone metabolic balance. This study aims to review the effectiveness of genistein on bone health of postmenopausal women through a literature review of various clinical studies in the last 10 years. Results showed that genistein significantly increased bone mineral density, osteocalcin, bone-ALP, and decreased sclerostin. In addition, genistein positively impacts lipid profiles and blood glucose levels, and improves bone calcium retention, especially when combined with calcium and vitamin D3. A mixture of isoflavones in a natural ratio is more effective than single genistein. In conclusion, genistein is a safe and effective natural alternative in preventing and managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Anemia is one of the nutritional problems that can occur in women of childbearing age (WUS). One effort that can be made is to consume foods that are sources of iron, such as sorghum and moringa leaves. Utilization that can be done by substituting sorghum flour and adding moringa leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of the acceptability and nutritional content of cat's tongue cookies substituted with sorghum flour and the addition of moringa leaves as an alternative snack for women of childbearing age with anemia. This type of research is a pure experimental study with the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, the comparison used is sorghum flour 25%, 50%, 75% and moringa leaves 10%, 15%. Data collection using an acceptability test questionnaire conducted by 30 panelists. Data analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney follow-up test. The results showed that this cat's tongue cookie affected the acceptability including color, shape, aroma, texture, and taste. This study resulted in the selected formula being F1 with 25% substitution of sorghum flour and 10% addition of moringa leaves. The best nutritional content of cat tongue cake per 100 g consists of 12.50% protein, 2.37 mg iron, and 9.37 mg vitamin C. This selected formula cat tongue cake can be used as an alternative snack for women of childbearing age (WUS) with anemia.

Anemia is a hematological disorder that is often not recognized in the adult age group. One lifestyle factor that can affect hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is the consumption of tea or coffee with meals, because the tannin and polyphenol content inhibits the absorption of non-heme iron. Early detection of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels accompanied by education about eating and drinking habits is an important strategy in preventing anemia. This screening activity is carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach. Examination of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is carried out using Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) from capillary blood. Education is provided to all participants through leaflets and group counseling regarding the effect of tea and coffee consumption on iron absorption. A total of 91 participants took part in this activity, consisting of 39.6% men and 60.4% women, with an average age of 47.4 years. The average hemoglobin was recorded at 11.2 ± 1.6 g/dL and hematocrit at 33.0 ± 4.7%. As many as 42.9% of participants experienced anemia based on hemoglobin levels below normal values ​​according to gender. Hemoglobin and hematocrit examinations successfully identified a significant proportion of individuals at risk of anemia. Education on the right time to consume tea or coffee and increasing consumption of foods rich in iron and vitamin C are preventive interventions that can be applied to maintain optimal hematological status.   Keywords: Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Anemia, Iron, Tea, Coffee, Diet

Overview: Normal Hemoglobin levels during pregnancy are very important in preventing anemia and complications that can occur during pregnancy. Moringa capsules contain iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants that can support the absorption of iron in the body, Fe tablets that support oxygen transport and the formation of red blood cells. Objective: Analyzing the effect of giving moringa leaf capsules and iron tablets on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Research Method: This study used a Quasi-experimental design method. This study was conducted in the Ambal II Kebumen Health Center Working Area with a sample of 30 respondents. In this study, 2 groups were used, namely those who received intervention (moringa leaf capsules and Fe tablets) and the control group (Fe only). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Research Results: Showed that there was a difference in Hemoglobin levels in the Moringa leaf and Fe groups with a p value = 0.008 and as many as 14 pregnant women experienced an increase in Hb. While in the control group the analysis results showed a difference with a p value = 0.007. However, as many as 13 mothers experienced a decrease in Hb levels. Conclusion: giving moringa capsules and Fe tablets has better effectiveness in increasing Hb levels compared to just Fe tablets alone.

The farmer's chicken supply chain is a complex system that involves various stages starting from selecting chicken seeds, rearing, feeding, health management, to distribution of the final product to the market. Distribution Channels are closely related to the Supply Chain process, both of which are important in a business, both large and small businesses. The aim of this research is to determine the Broiler Chicken Supply Chain at Kemiri Village Broiler Farms, Jenangan District, Ponorogo Regency. The research method used is observation, interviews and documentation. This broiler farm is under contract with PT. Bintang Tama to supply feed, vitamin medicine, chicken seeds, and also chicken brokers/collectors. Chicken seeds come from PT.Bintang Tama Sentosa after which the chickens are bred for 28 days to 35 days according to the contract with the broker/collector, in 1 harvest/livestock from 3000 seedlings to harvest, the estimated death is 200 deaths, this process cannot be separated from the control carried out by the livestock manager. Chicken farming here is managed well, starting with providing different feeds. Meat chicken seeds are fed with the types of feed, namely pre starter, starter, and finisher, this feed is given at 3 different/not the same age periods for the chickens in 1 harvest. Pak Endra's Farm – Agent – Broiler Chicken Entrepreneur – Market/Restaurant – Final Consumer.

Bingkat Village is one of the villages located in Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province, with an area of 5.95 km2 or 595.96 hectares divided into 10 hamlets. Most of the land area in Bingkat Village is used as rice fields, which is 60.740% of the total land area and is used as fields and plantations of 26.830% of the total land area, so that the majority of heads of families in Bingkat Village are farmers. Healthy food is food that contains balanced nutrition, contains fiber and substances needed by the body for the child's growth and development process. Balanced nutrition can be useful as an energy substance, a regulator, and a building substance. Food also greatly affects children's digestion, so parents must be able to provide healthy food that can maintain children's digestion. So that it does not interfere with children's growth. Healthy food for digestion should be rich in nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and a little unsaturated fat, or more precisely abbreviated as the 4 healthy 5 perfect menu. Through this program by conveying about consuming Good and Healthy Nutritional and Nutritious Food. So that the community will avoid mistakes in choosing food and the negative impacts that may arise. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research on survey methods through interviews.. Based on the results of research that has been conducted in Bingkat Village with a total of 19 respondents, 72% know about choosing nutritious and nutritious food and 28% know about food additives (BTM), then the level of community knowledge about nutritious and nutritious food is higher compared to the level of community knowledge about food additives (BTM).

Lumpia ubi ungu is a modern culinary creation that offers an exclusive taste and accompanying health benefits. In the digital era, business prospects are rapidly increasing, with recipes and marketing concepts readily accessible online. Therefore, consumers can take advantage of this convenience to reach these sellers. Lumpia ubi ungu is a highly appealing dish with a combination of flavors and textures that are entirely different from traditional lumpia. Since it is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, lumpia ubi ungu is preferred by health-conscious consumers. There is a growing awareness of healthy food; therefore, lumpia ubi ungu has market potential. Lumpia ubi ungu offers more than just culinary innovation it paves the way for promising business opportunities in this digital era. By adopting the right approach, business players can leverage the wave of health trends and digitalization, thus paving their way to success.

Iron deficiency anemia is a common condition that occurs in female students, influenced by many factors such as knowledge, attitudes and eating habits. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes about anemia, eating habits with the incidence of anemia in female students at the Faculty of Engineering, Unesa. This study used a cross-sectional design.  Sample from this study were 105 female students from 10 study programs. The data measured were knowledge and attitudes of anemia, eating habits containing intake of iron, vitamin C, calcium, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman's Rank Test. The data showed that the majority of respondents had moderate knowledge (55.2%), positive level for attitude (49.5%), iron intake was severe deficit level (70.5%), excessive of vitamin C intake (40.9%) and calcium intake at a severe deficit level (99%). The results of the bivariate test showed a relationship between several variables with the incidence of anemia , such us knowledge about anemia (p = 0.000 <0.05), attitude of anemia (p = 0.007 <0.05), and eating habits of vitamin C (p = 0.007 <0.05). While the habit of iron and calcium intake showed no relationship with the incidence of anemia (p = 0.083> 0.05) and (p = 0.107> 0.05). It concluded that knowledge and attitude about anemia also intake of vitamin C have relation with the incidence of anemia in female students at faculty of engineerig, Unesa while the intake of iron and calcium does not.

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in society. One of the risk factors for hypertension is coffee consumption which is characterized by the emergence of many outlets or coffee shops and is influenced by massive cultural shifts. Objectives: Writing this literature review aims to determine the effect of coffee consumption on increasing blood pressure based on the results of previous studies. Methods: In the preparation of this article using the literature review method from searching articles through electronic databases published in the last 10 years. Results: From the results of the literature review conducted, it shows that there are two conditions where coffee consumption can have an effect on increasing blood pressure and coffee consumption has no effect on increasing blood pressure. Conclusion: Coffee consumption can have an effect on increasing blood pressure due to the presence of caffeine which has antagonistic properties against endogenous adenosine and can stimulate sympathetic nerves. However, coffee also contains micronutrient compounds to provide protective effects against hypertension, such as polyphenols, magnesium, potassium, niacin, and vitamin E. Further research using experimental methods so that clear evidence is obtained from previous studies.

Postpartum mothers’ understanding of the benefits of vitamin A plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of postpartum vitamin A supplementation programs. Vitamin A contributes to maternal immune function, supports visual health, and enhances the vitamin A content of breast milk, which is essential for infant health. Despite its importance, mothers’ knowledge regarding the benefits of vitamin A during the postpartum period remains inconsistent, indicating the need for more effective health education strategies. One approach that has the potential to improve comprehension among postpartum mothers is the use of audiovisual educational media. This study aimed to examine the effect of audiovisual media on postpartum mothers’ knowledge of the benefits of vitamin A at Ome Inpatient Primary Health Center. A quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed. The study sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire administered before and after the audiovisual education intervention. Data analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the paired t-test. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in postpartum mothers’ knowledge following the audiovisual intervention. Mean knowledge scores increased markedly, accompanied by a shift in knowledge levels from poor and moderate categories to good. Statistical testing confirmed a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention knowledge scores. In conclusion, audiovisual media have a significant positive effect on improving postpartum mothers’ knowledge of the benefits of vitamin A. This educational approach can be considered an effective and practical method for postpartum health education in primary healthcare settings.

The percentage of the Indonesian population with insufficient fruit and vegetable intake remains relatively high, at 97.5% for individuals aged 15-19 years and 96.8% for those aged 20-24 years. The SQ-FFQ method can serve as an instrument to assess the intake of fruits, vegetables, and micronutrients to enhance the immune system of students. This study aims to explore the relationship between the daily fruit and vegetable intake of students in Surabaya using the SQ-FFQ method and the estimated food record as the main reference materials. The population of this study consists of students from various universities in Surabaya, class of 2021. The research indicates that the SQ-FFQ method can assess the average daily fruit and vegetable intake and micronutrient intake more accurately than the estimated food record method. The highest correlation value in the fruit and vegetable intake correlation test was found in the fruit group, while the highest correlation value for micronutrient intake was found in vitamin C intake. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the SQ-FFQ method is a valid instrument for measuring the daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and micronutrients.

This activity aims to encourage the growth of Maron BSM-1 Chicken before and after being given Vitamin B Complex. This activity was conducted by a team of student servants from HKBP Nommensen University Medan in Parparean II Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency. The methods used in this service activity include observation and experimentation. Based on the results of experiments in the field, the injection of Vitamin B Complex into Maron BSM-1 Chicken was carried out in 1 injection. The changes that occured within 1 week were that the appetite of the chicken livestock increased, the fat contained in the chicken livestock increased by about 3 ounces in 1 week and the health of he chicken livestock was better maintained. Thus, this method has proven effective in helping the community to increase the growth of Maron BSM-1 Chicken livestock and produce quality chicken meat. Through this research, the community can gain new knowledge in carrying out animal husbandry and this research can also be useful for other researchers as a reference carrying out community service.

The knowledge of pregnant women about nutrition plays a crucial role in the utilization of food ingredients. One of the efforts to address stunting is by consuming foods that contain vitamin A, such as chicken liver. This correlational analytical study determined the correlation between pregnant women's knowledge of vitamin A and the use of chicken liver as a nutrient in stunting prevention with a retrospective approach. The population in this study consists of pregnant women in trimester I visiting the Kedungmundu Public Health Care, with a total of 70 people. The research instruments are a cognitive level questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire. The analysis was the Spearman Rank correlation test. This study shows that pregnant women in the Kedungmundu Health Centre area did not take chicken liver as a source of nutrition for pregnant women in preventing stunting due to low cognition about vitamin A, with a p-value of 0.047 (p-value < 0.05), indicating a strong correlation between the level of knowledge about vitamin A and the administration of chicken liver as a source of nutrition for pregnant women in preventing childhood stunting, with a very strong correlation (r = 0.257). Health education and mass media encourage pregnant women to actively expand their knowledge. The researcher anticipates that a comprehensive understanding of vitamin A's benefits will spur a rise in chicken liver consumption, thereby contributing significantly to efforts to prevent stunting

Kersen and carrots are local fruits and vegetables that often found in Indonesia. Kersen contain antioxidant activity, and carrots contain vitamin A, that beneficial for body. The purpose of this study to determine effect of kersen puree substitution and addition of carrots on the acceptability of jelly candy. This study used a pure experimental method with a 3x2 factorial design, namely 3 levels of kersen puree (40%, 50%, and 60%) and 2 levels of carrots (25% and 50%). The panelists is school-age children at MI Tarbiyatush Shibyan, totaling 45 students. The hedonic test data were analyzed using two-way anova with Duncan's further test to determine the real difference. Interaction of kersen puree substitution and carrot addition affected the color, but not affect the aroma, taste, and elasticity of jelly candy. Jelly candy with F3G2 formula with 60% kersen puree substitution and 50% carrot addition was most preferred. In 100 grams of F3G2 formula, jelly candy contains 318 kcal energy, 62.10% glucose, 3.05% fiber, 88.60 mg beta-carotene, and 78.60% antioxidant activity. Based on these results, jelly candy with kersen puree substitution and carrot addition is beneficial for school-age children because contains high antioxidants and vitamin A.

Supplement is a product that contains additional nutrients to complement food, generally containing one or more nutrients, like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fiber, and fatty acids, are usually prepared in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids like syrup. Supplements can help improve nutrition, The purpose of this review is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of using health supplements in preventing and overcoming nutritional deficiencies and improving the quality of life of individuals in this analysis is based on a literature review from the online platform used, namely google scholar and semantic. The results of the journal review in this article show that supplements, such as mangosteen effervescent tablets, vitamin C, and stevia, have significant benefits for health, including improving immunity, managing diabetes, and supporting disease recovery. Education and socialization succeeded in improving people's understanding of the wise use of supplements, with age, knowledge, and socioeconomic conditions influencing consumption behavior.